CN103941298A - Transient electromagnetic instrument and hydro-geologic prospecting method for mine - Google Patents

Transient electromagnetic instrument and hydro-geologic prospecting method for mine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103941298A
CN103941298A CN201410150246.7A CN201410150246A CN103941298A CN 103941298 A CN103941298 A CN 103941298A CN 201410150246 A CN201410150246 A CN 201410150246A CN 103941298 A CN103941298 A CN 103941298A
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China
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transient electromagnetic
electromagnetic apparatus
vector magnetometer
signal
magnetometer
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CN201410150246.7A
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张文栋
胡杰
李国才
桑胜波
李朋伟
李刚
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Taiyuan University of Technology
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Taiyuan University of Technology
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Abstract

The invention provides a transient electromagnetic instrument and a hydro-geologic prospecting method for a mine. A reception terminal of the transient electromagnetic instrument is of a structure of a vector magnetometer. The vector magnetometer comprises a three-axis flux-gate sensor. Micro coils are adopted as sensing units in the X, Y and Z directions of the three-axis flux-gate sensor and used for detecting magnetic field signals comprising change information of a geological magnetic field. According to the transient electromagnetic instrument, the three-axis flux-gate sensor is adopted, the micro coils as the sending units are arranged in the three-axis flux-gate sensor in the X, Y and Z directions, high-sensitivity detection can be carried out on the weak signals, dead areas of close-distance exploratory can be effectively reduced, and the detection accuracy is improved.

Description

Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus and mine hydrogeology method of exploration
Technical field
The present invention relates to transient electromagnetic detecting technical field, in particular to Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus and mine hydrogeology method of exploration.
Background technology
Coal is the main energy sources of China, and in primary energy production and consumption structure, shared proportion exceedes 70%, in national economy, occupies an important strategic position.More than China's coal-mine mining depth increases 20m every year on average, along with the continuous increase of mining depth and mining rate, mine safety problem starts to manifest, and particularly in recent years, the harm of mine water inrush was on the rise.The Eleventh Five-Year Plan period in national coal mine flood failure analysis report, point out: within 2006~2010 years, national coal mine flood occurs 10339 death toll 16811 people, wherein 140 of large (more than dead 3 people) above water damage accidents, death toll 1083 people.In " Safety of Coal Mine Production " 12 " planning ", explicitly point out: China's coal-mine disaster is on the rise, be badly in need of further improving disaster monitoring, prediction early warning and control techniques, strengthen mine safety tackling of key scientific and technical problems, promote the use of advanced and applicable technology and equipment, the safety assurance ability of the equipment that develops skill.Its early detection early warning technology and equipment are the keys of coal mine flood control.
At present, the monitoring means of coal mine flood is mainly contained to probing, TSP(Tunnel Seismic Prediction both at home and abroad, tunnel earthquake prediction) Detection Techniques, ground penetrating radar method, DC electrical method, transient electromagnetic method etc.Wherein, transient electromagnetic method rely on little, the high directivity of bulk effect, resolution high, to some advantages such as low-resistance region sensitivity, equipment are light, become the optimal selection method of Coalmine Flood Damage Detecting.Mine transient electromagnetic forward probe can be surveyed the tunnel rich water state in front of meeting head on efficiently and accurately, can improve coal production efficiency, shorten the time that tunnelling spends, cost-saving, particularly can meet head in space in narrow and small tunnel, work and data acquisition efficiency are high, not affecting the normal driving of coal mine roadway, is that other method is not available.
But, there is proximity detection blind area in current transient electromagnetic method, its main cause is the receiving coil that the reception terminal of current Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus adopts 1m × 1m conventionally, cause receiving mutual inductance between terminal and transmitting terminal larger, thereby the impact of the primary field mutual inductance signal of adulterating in the early signal that superficial part stratal configuration is reflected back is larger, has reduced the accuracy of result of detection.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus and mine hydrogeology method of exploration, have the problem of proximity detection blind area to solve above-mentioned transient electromagnetic method.
A kind of Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus is provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the reception terminal of this Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus adopts vector magnetometer structure, this vector magnetometer comprises three axis fluxgate sensors, X, the Y of this three axis fluxgates sensor, tri-directions of Z all adopt miniature coils as sensing unit, for detection of the field signal that comprises geology changes of magnetic field information.
A kind of mine hydrogeology method of exploration is provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and the method adopts above-mentioned Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus to explore.
The Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus that the embodiment of the present invention provides has adopted three axis fluxgate sensors, and its inner X, Y, tri-directions of Z have miniature coils as sensing unit, can realize the high-sensitivity detection to feeble signal, can effectively reduce the blind area of proximity detection, promote the accuracy of surveying.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 shows the planar array schematic diagram of the vector magnetometer of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 shows the inner structure schematic diagram of the vector magnetometer of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 shows the structural representation of the receiving system of the Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 shows the receiving system circuit theory schematic diagram of the Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Also by reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in further detail below by specific embodiment.
Consider that current transient electromagnetic method exists the problem of proximity detection blind area, the present embodiment provides a kind of Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus, the reception terminal of this Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus adopts vector magnetometer structure, this vector magnetometer comprises three axis fluxgate sensors (also can be called three axis fluxgate probes), X, the Y of this three axis fluxgates sensor, tri-directions of Z all adopt miniature coils as sensing unit, for detection of the field signal that comprises geology changes of magnetic field information.
The Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus of the present embodiment has adopted three axis fluxgate sensors, and its inner X, Y, tri-directions of Z have miniature coils as sensing unit, can realize the high-sensitivity detection to feeble signal, than the receiving coil of 1m × 1m, the reception terminal of the present embodiment can effectively reduce transmitting terminal and receive the mutual inductance existing between terminal, thereby the impact of the primary field mutual inductance signal of mixing up in the early signal that minimizing superficial part stratal configuration is reflected back, make the receiving end of Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus can receive how pure early signal, can effectively reduce the blind area of proximity detection, promote the accuracy of surveying.
In order to increase the effective detection range of Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus, above-mentioned reception terminal is made up of with the form of planar array 5 identical vector magnetometer; Particularly, the mode that above-mentioned reception terminal can adopt 5 vector magnetometer to form planar array in the plane that is parallel to transmitting coil realizes.Correspondingly, the receiver of the Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus of the present embodiment can comprise: Multi-path synchronous acquisition module, the field signal detecting for 5 identical vector magnetometer of synchronous acquisition.
When specific implementation, can be by the receiving end sub-connection with 5 vector magnetometer on the Multi-path synchronous acquisition system (being above-mentioned Multi-path synchronous acquisition module) of receiver, the synchronizing signal of Multi-path synchronous acquisition system is connected to the transmitter of Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus by the wire method of synchronization, the synchronizing signal providing according to the transmitter of Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus, this Multi-path synchronous acquisition system synchronous acquisition Transient electromagnetic response signal.Because above-mentioned vector magnetometer has high sensitivity, can realize the effective reception to the faint electromagnetic wave signal of 10nT, 1m × 1m coil relatively, the receiving sensitivity of this vector magnetometer has obtained large increase, thereby the electromagnetic wave signal that can realize being reflected back in deep formation receives, effectively raise the investigation depth of Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus.
The structure of the planar array of above-mentioned vector magnetometer can be: 4 vector magnetometer are for example separately positioned on, on four angles of square (square of 0.8m × 0.8m), and 1 vector magnetometer is arranged on tetragonal middle position; Each vector magnetometer is by stent support.The planar array schematic diagram of vector magnetometer as shown in Figure 1, wherein, vector magnetometer 11 is positioned at the tetragonal central authorities that vector magnetometer 12, vector magnetometer 13, vector magnetometer 14 and vector magnetometer 15 surround, and support 16 connects each vector magnetometer and is supported on fixing position.
The material of above-mentioned support can be the PVC plastics (abbreviation of Polyvinylchloride, English name is Poly Vinyl Chloride), in order to fix each vector magnetometer, each vector magnetometer is arranged in the draw-in groove of support, this draw-in groove is to arrange according to the installation position of each vector magnetometer, meanwhile, this draw-in groove is provided with the switch of fixed vector magnetometer.Preferably, this support is arranged on the transmitting coil central authorities of Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus, and with transmitting coil in same plane.
After putting vector magnetometer well, the transmitting coil of support and Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus can be parallel to face and arrange, this support be positioned at transmitting coil central authorities and with transmitting coil in same plane, and be positioned at apart from the distance of half meter, face and survey.Transmitting coil and reception terminal are connected respectively to transmitter and receiver, between the transmitter of Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus and Multi-path synchronous acquisition system, adopt synchronizing cable to be connected.Vector magnetometer adopts the mode of array can make receiving end receive more comprehensively information, vector magnetometer has high sensitivity simultaneously, can realize the effective reception to the faint electromagnetic wave signal of 10nT, so the design of the present embodiment can receive more comprehensive faint electromagnetic signal, can effectively increase the degree of depth of detection.
In order further to promote the accuracy of surveying, vector magnetometer shell in the above-mentioned reception terminal of the present embodiment has carried out Anti-interference Design, on shell, increase potted coil, effectively reducing power frequency disturbs and other electromagnetic interference (EMI), improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of signal, provide image data quality, for accurately surveying and lay a solid foundation.Simultaneously transient electromagnetic instrument receiver can gather 16 road signals simultaneously, and high sampling rate is 1Msps, surveys useful signal dynamic range and reaches 153dB, and have good signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and harmonic wave distorted characteristic.The inner structure schematic diagram of vector magnetometer as shown in Figure 2, this vector magnetometer comprises shell 21 and inner casing 24; Three axis fluxgate sensors 22 are arranged in inner casing 24, and its miniature coils is wrapped in FERRITE CORE; Between shell 21 and inner casing 24, be provided with potted coil 23.
Wherein, the size of above-mentioned shell can be 30mm × 20mm × 20mm; The size of inner casing can be 25mm × 15mm × 15mm.Three axis fluxgate sensors 22 utilize MEMS technology to process, three axis fluxgate sensors 22 are packaged with small-sized receiving coil and FERRITE CORE, at ferrite core X, Y, in tri-directions of Z, there is respectively a MEMS(Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems, MEMS (micro electro mechanical system)) miniature coils of processes, according to fluxgate sensor principle, can receive the field signal that comprises terrestrial magnetic field change information, thereby realize X, Y, the vector of Z tri-directions is surveyed, adopt FERRITE CORE can effectively strengthen X, Y, tri-direction miniature coils of Z receive the intensity of field signal, the field signal of three direction receptions is transferred to Multi-path synchronous acquisition system and processes, potted coil 23 is along X, Y, directions X is identical with the direction of signal receiving coil, can effectively shield the induced signal of other directions, reduce the impact of undesired signal.
The structural representation of the receiving system of Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus as shown in Figure 3, wherein, this receiving system comprises: receive terminal 31 and receiver 34, this reception terminal 31 comprises by the outer coiling 32 of magnetic core and inductive coil 33 and forming.Wherein, the outer coiling 32 of magnetic core is equivalent to potted coil, and inductive coil 33 is around the coil on magnetic core, plays the effect of induced signal.
Receiver 34 is made up of Multi-path synchronous acquisition module 35, control module 36, processing module 37 and supply module 38.Being simply described as follows of modules:
Multi-path synchronous acquisition module 35 is mainly the synchronous acquisition of realizing 5 road collection signals, prevents that by the processing of RC anti-aliasing filter 5 road signals from producing stack confusion;
Control module 36 is extracted reflection for the field signal gathering from Multi-path synchronous acquisition module 35 and is treated the second harmonic of the amplitude maximum of measuring magnetic field, and is digital signal by second-harmonic conversion; It is made up of amplifying circuit, phase discriminator, low-pass filter circuit, A/D change-over circuit etc., specific tasks are to extract in the useful signal gathering can reflect the second harmonic of the amplitude maximum for the treatment of measuring magnetic field and it is processed, and realize and convert the simulating signal of output to digital signal; Wherein, amplifying circuit is that the data that the collection of Multi-path synchronous acquisition module is returned are amplified; Phase discriminator is mainly the processing of distinguishing realizing X, Y, Z tri-direction signals; Low-pass filter circuit is mainly that the part same polarity electromagnetic interference signal adulterating in the signal of collection is carried out to filtering processing; A/D change-over circuit is mainly to convert the simulating signal of output to digital signal;
Processing module 37 is for the digital signal reading and storage control module is exported, and according to user instruction processing digital signal, it is mainly made up of high speed ARM chip and peripheral circuit thereof, its task is that modules is controlled, and realize to the high speed of A/D transformation result read, data processing, storage, demonstration and uploading data be to host computer etc.;
Supply module 38 is used to Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus power supply, mainly comprises battery, and its continued power ability can reach 8 hours, thereby ensures completing smoothly of detection operations.
The present embodiment also provides the receiving system circuit theory schematic diagram of the Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus shown in Fig. 4, comprising: probe, amplifying circuit, phase discriminator, filtering output circuit, feedback circuit, A/D change-over circuit, reference source, crystal oscillating circuit, frequency dividing circuit, exciting circuit etc., the principle of work of this receiving system circuit is as follows:
Crystal oscillating circuit produces the square-wave signal of several MHZ, after frequency dividing circuit frequency division, again through probe excitation driving circuit, forms the pumping signal of several KHZ.Probe, under the excitation of alternating signal, according to fluxgate sensor principle, produces the second harmonic of output packet containing the pumping signal of terrestrial magnetic field change information.This second harmonic is after amplifying circuit amplifies, at the fractional frequency signal phase demodulation of phase discriminator place and crystal oscillator vibration, carry out filtering processing through filtering output circuit, form and be proportional to the accurate d. c. voltage signal of corresponding magnetic direction, input to A/D change-over circuit and be converted to the d. c. voltage signal of digital form.This d. c. voltage signal feeds back to the inductive coil of probe through feedback circuit, produce the magnetic field contrary with external magnetic field, forms degeneration factor, and probe is operated near zero magnetic field.For example, after Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus (: as the CPU of its inside) first reads the X and Z component total amount value of terrestrial magnetic field, calculate D/A change-over circuit and result from the immediate compensating circuit of terrestrial magnetic field size, act on probe through feedback circuit, form the compensating field of X and Z direction, to offset the overwhelming majority nature magnetic field of this both direction.Like this, within changes of magnetic field amount can be in analog-to-digital effective dynamic range, and then measurement sensitivity and resolving power have been improved.
The reception terminal of the receiving system of the Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus of the present embodiment adopts the vector magnetometer composition planar array of MEMS Design Processing, data acquisition is used 16 ADC at a high speed, processor adopting arm processor at a high speed, between transmitter and receiver, use the synchronism of synchronizing cable control signal, can reduce the detection blind area that transient electromagnetic detecting exists, increase the degree of depth of surveying, reduce the impact of undesired signal, improve the fiduciary level of result of detection.
The present embodiment also provides a kind of mine hydrogeology method of exploration, and the method adopts above-mentioned Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus to explore.Particularly, while adopting above-mentioned Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus Applicative time territory transient electromagnetic method (TEM) to survey, in stratiform earth medium, radius is the concentric circles type coil transient electromagnetic transimpedance Z(t of a and b) computing formula is:
Z ( t ) = - Πμab ∫ 0 ∞ L P - 1 [ I ( p ) p A 0 ( P , p , λ ) ] · J 1 ( λa ) J 2 ( λb ) dλ
In formula, A 0(P, p, λ) is layer structure the earth impedance function, P is the product of thickness and its resistivity, and p is and-Laplace operator that j ω is corresponding that ω is angular frequency, λ is the long-pending variable of your inverse transformation of Hunk, and I (p) is normalized current waveform Laplace transform for the inverse Laplace transformation about p, J is Bessel function.Because miniature receiving coil size is less, so transient electromagnetic transimpedance Z(t) can be very little, in the early signal that Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus is surveyed back, can mix up the impact of primary field mutual inductance signal, the reception terminal of the present invention's design can effectively reduce the impact of mutual inductance signal, make instrument can receive how pure early signal, the blind area that reduces result of detection existence is had to significant role.
Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus in above embodiment has the following advantages:
(1) detection sensitivity is high: adopt highly sensitive vector magnetometer, I realizes the reception to the faint electromagnetic signal of 10nT, thereby make the wider of collection signal strength range change, corresponding being improved of sensitivity of detection, the accuracy that is conducive to improve result of detection.
(2) good in anti-interference performance: receiving end subshell has carried out shielding design, effectively reducing power frequency disturbs and other electromagnetic interference (EMI), improve Signal-to-Noise, utilize the directivity of vector magnetometer simultaneously, electromagnetic wave data-signal detection rear reflection being returned at the Data processing in later stage is rejected processing, thereby the interference free performance of receiving system is effectively improved, is conducive to improve the accuracy of result of detection.
(3) sample frequency is higher: above-mentioned receiving system can gather 16 road signals simultaneously, high sampling rate is 1Msps, survey useful signal dynamic range and reach 153dB, and there is good signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and harmonic wave distorted characteristic, thereby make the data of collection more accurate, the accuracy that is conducive to improve result of detection.
Above-mentioned Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus is used for to advanced detection technology, can realize the high sensitivity of faint electromagnetic signal under coal mine is received, effectively avoid receiving the mutual inductance between terminal and transmitting coil, and reduce the interference of down-hole complex environment to result of detection, can carry out accurate forward probe to coal mine flood, the forecasting and warning of Safety of Coal Mine Production is had to vital role.
Obviously, those skilled in the art should be understood that, above-mentioned of the present invention each module or each step can realize with general calculation element, they can concentrate on single calculation element, or be distributed on the network that multiple calculation elements form, alternatively, they can be realized with the executable program code of calculation element, thereby, they can be stored in memory storage and be carried out by calculation element, or they are made into respectively to each integrated circuit modules, or the multiple modules in them or step are made into single integrated circuit module to be realized.Like this, the present invention is not restricted to any specific hardware and software combination.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus, it is characterized in that, the reception terminal of described Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus adopts vector magnetometer structure, described vector magnetometer comprises three axis fluxgate sensors, X, the Y of described three axis fluxgate sensors, tri-directions of Z all adopt miniature coils as sensing unit, for detection of the field signal that comprises geology changes of magnetic field information.
2. Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described reception terminal is made up of with the form of planar array 5 identical vector magnetometer;
The receiver of described Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus comprises: Multi-path synchronous acquisition module, and for 5 field signals that identical vector magnetometer detects described in synchronous acquisition.
3. Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the structure of the planar array of described vector magnetometer is: 4 vector magnetometer are separately positioned on tetragonal four angles, and 1 vector magnetometer is arranged on described tetragonal middle position; Each vector magnetometer is by stent support.
4. Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the material of described support is polyvinylchloride plastics, and each described vector magnetometer is arranged in the draw-in groove of described support, and described draw-in groove is provided with the switch of fixing described vector magnetometer.
5. Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described support is arranged on the transmitting coil central authorities of described Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus, and with described transmitting coil in same plane.
6. Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described receiver also comprises:
Control module, extracts reflection for the field signal from the collection of described Multi-path synchronous acquisition module and treats the second harmonic of the amplitude maximum of measuring magnetic field, and be digital signal by described second-harmonic conversion;
Processing module, for reading and store the described digital signal of described control module output, and processes described digital signal according to user instruction;
Supply module, is used to described Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus power supply.
7. Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described control module is made up of the amplifying circuit being connected successively, phase discriminator, low-pass filter circuit, A/D change-over circuit.
8. according to the Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus described in any one in claim 1 to 7, it is characterized in that, described vector magnetometer comprises shell and inner casing; Described three axis fluxgate sensor settings are in described inner casing, and described miniature coils is wrapped in FERRITE CORE; Between described shell and described inner casing, be provided with potted coil.
9. Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described shell is of a size of 30mm × 20mm × 20mm; Described inner casing is of a size of 25mm × 15mm × 15mm.
10. a mine hydrogeology method of exploration, is characterized in that, described method adopts the Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus described in any one in claim 1 to 9 to explore.
CN201410150246.7A 2014-04-15 2014-04-15 Transient electromagnetic instrument and hydro-geologic prospecting method for mine Pending CN103941298A (en)

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106154341A (en) * 2016-06-21 2016-11-23 山东大学 A kind of nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR and transient electromagnetic integrative detection instrument and method of work
CN107065019A (en) * 2016-12-07 2017-08-18 北京桔灯地球物理勘探股份有限公司 Applied to road disaster and the 3 D electromagnetic imaging device and application method that collapse detection
CN107203008A (en) * 2017-04-20 2017-09-26 武汉地大华睿地学技术有限公司 A kind of metallic conduit detecting system and method based on transient electromagnetic method
CN107203008B (en) * 2017-04-20 2019-02-01 武汉地大华睿地学技术有限公司 A kind of metallic conduit detection system and method based on transient electromagnetic method
CN108037536A (en) * 2017-11-27 2018-05-15 山东大学 The half aviation transient electromagnetic receiving coil posture antidote based on three-axis reference
CN108572394A (en) * 2017-11-27 2018-09-25 山东大学 Half aviation transient electromagnetic receiving coil posture recording device and posture antidote
CN108037536B (en) * 2017-11-27 2019-04-26 山东大学 The half aviation transient electromagnetic receiving coil posture antidote based on three-axis reference
CN108828676A (en) * 2018-04-18 2018-11-16 中国矿业大学 A kind of ground-mine laneway transient electromagnetic three-component detection method
CN110109399A (en) * 2019-07-01 2019-08-09 南京理工大学 Multi-channel magnetic signal acquisition storage device based on FPGA and STM32
CN113036189A (en) * 2021-03-01 2021-06-25 中国科学技术大学 Method and device for detecting running state of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

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Application publication date: 20140723