CN103912264B - Near-bit logging-while-drilling resistivity measuring device - Google Patents
Near-bit logging-while-drilling resistivity measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN103912264B CN103912264B CN201310003353.2A CN201310003353A CN103912264B CN 103912264 B CN103912264 B CN 103912264B CN 201310003353 A CN201310003353 A CN 201310003353A CN 103912264 B CN103912264 B CN 103912264B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a near-bit logging-while-drilling resistivity measuring device. The near-bit logging-while-drilling resistivity measuring device comprises a logging-while-drilling resistivity measuring system which is composed of a power module, a measuring and controlling circuit module, a main electrode, a shielding electrode, a supervision electrode and a backflow electrode, and a substrate for mounting the logging-while-drilling resistivity measuring system. A measuring system mounting groove is formed in the substrate, and the measuring and controlling circuit module and the power module are mounted in the mounting groove; an electrode plate is hermetically mounted outside the mounting groove, and the shielding electrode, the supervision electrode and the main electrode are inlaid and mounted, in an insulation way, on the surface of the electrode plate; the three electrodes are connected to the measuring and controlling circuit module in the mounting groove by virtue of high-voltage seal joints, respectively; the backflow electrode is inlaid and mounted on a drill collar body far away from the electrode plate. Compared with the prior art, the device has the advantages that a relatively simpler electrode system is adopted, the measuring device can be mounted in a narrow space of a drilling tool at the near-bit, and the vertical resolution and the measurement accuracy can be improved by virtue of current focusing.
Description
Technical field：
The present invention relates to oil drilling and logging while drilling technology field, especially relate to resistivity logging while drilling logging technique,
The nearly drill bit measurement apparatus of specifically a kind of resistivity logging while drilling.
Background technology：
In oil drilling and well logging industry, formation resistivity is mainly used to distinguish lithology, divides oil-gas-water layer, carries out ground
Layer Profile Correlation etc..Under normal circumstances, if porous formation is filled with oil, gas, formation resistivity is high, if being filled with water,
Layer resistivity is low.
Resistivity logging generally includes the metering systems such as induction motor, electromagnetic resistivity, lateral resistivity.Electric with boring
Magnetic wave resistivity utilize electromagnetic wave propagation principle, the transmitting electromagnetic wave of transmitting coil after earth-layer propagation, by different spacing
Receptor receive, using phase contrast or the Amplitude Ratio of receipt signal, obtain the resistivity on stratum.Utilize with boring induction motor
Electromagnetic induction principle, transmitting coil produces alternating current, induces vortex in the surrounding formation of this coil, and vortex forms secondary
Alternating electromagnetic field, using the induction electromotive force producing in receiving coil, can get formation resistivity.Adopt with boring lateral resistivity
The electrode of multi-form, launches low-frequency current to stratum, according to the voltage and current in measuring electrode, calculates resistivity.
In geologic steering drilling and well logging, in order to be able to obtain the geological information of drill bit position in real time, in time
Adjustment well track, controls drilling tool to run in the guide oil reservoir optimum position, generally adopts nearly drill bit e measurement technology, measurement apparatus are installed
Near drill bit, the resistivity of measurement detector surrounding formation.Because nearly bit resistivity measurement apparatus are arranged on above drill bit
Drilling tool on, such as drill collar or power drilling tool etc., in addition to electrode or coil, also to install correlation circuit, adapter with
And supporting sealing device etc., in addition, in order to improve reliability, also having needed the preventers such as wear-resisting, antidetonation, therefore installing space has
Limit.In addition, nearly bit resistivity is in addition to Formation Resistivity Measurement, also bed boundary is detected it is therefore desirable to by electricity
Resistance rate metrical information is associated with respect to the relative angle in a certain mark direction with measurement apparatus, thus obtaining azimuthal resistivity
Metrical information.Therefore, further limit the installing space of measurement apparatus.Because installing space limits, nearly bit resistivity leads to
Frequently with lateral resistivity measurement mode, or by the way of electromagnetic resistivity is combined with lateral resistivity.
Existing nearly bit resistivity logger for the consideration of structure design aspect, for reducing electrode volume, generally
Ignoring the contact impedance between electrode or drill collar surface and drilling fluid, not adopting monitor electrode in electrode design so that shielding
Electric current is not controlled, less to the current focusing effect of stratum transmitting, after electric current leaves electrode, begins to gradually dissipate,
Ionization electrode is more remote, and electric current more dissipates, thus causing vertical resolution low, measurement result is subject to wellbore effect serious.
On the other hand, the nearly bit resistivity logger having in order to realize current focusing, in main electrode and bucking electrode
Between multipair monitor electrode and bucking electrode are installed, these monitor electrodes and bucking electrode are with respect to main electrode symmetric arrays, mesh
Be increase shielding action to main electrode electric current, realize current focusing.Due in nearly bit resistivity instrument, except electricity
Outside pole, circuit, adapter of correlation etc. also to be installed, in addition, in order to improve reliability, also having needed wear-resisting, antidetonation etc. to protect
Device, increasing of number of electrodes, also result in the complexity of Circuits System, preventer, the reliability of lowering apparatus.Therefore, this
Mode in nearly bit resistivity instrument to realize difficulty larger.
Content of the invention：
The purpose of the present invention is the problem existing for prior art, provides a kind of resistivity logging while drilling nearly drill bit measurement dress
Put.Measurement apparatus compared with prior art, using relatively simple electrode system, can be installed on the brill at nearly drill bit by this device
In tool small space, by current focusing, improve vertical resolution and certainty of measurement.
The technical scheme is that：
A kind of nearly drill bit measurement apparatus of resistivity logging while drilling, including mainly by power module, telemetry circuit module, main electrode,
The LWD resistivity log system of bucking electrode, monitor electrode and return electrode composition, and this LWD resistivity log is installed
The matrix of system, wherein, telemetry circuit module include signal generator, bucking electrode power amplification, transformator, balance amplify,
Frequency-selecting amplification, main electrode power amplification, Current amplifier, A/D, microcontroller, memorizer and communication interface, is characterized in that：Described
Measuring system mounting groove is opened up on matrix, telemetry circuit module and power module are placed in mounting groove；Mounting groove external seal is pacified
Loading electrode pole plate, electrode pad surface inserting is provided with bucking electrode, monitor electrode, main electrode, monitor electrode and main electrode position
Inside bucking electrode, between all electrodes, between electrode and electrode pad, all keep state of insulation；Three kinds of electrodes pass through respectively
High pressure sealing joint is connected in the telemetry circuit module in mounting groove；Return electrode inlays the brill being mounted remotely from electrode pad
Quickly on body.
Such scheme also includes：
Described signal generator adopts high-power radiating circuit, including：Sine wave input amplifier, triangular wave occur
Device, comparator, the switch drive pipes by two complementary connections and low-pass filter circuit.
Described signal generator also includes dead zone function circuit.
Such scheme further includes：
Described matrix is the centralizer or drill collar being connected with drill bit；Electrode lay-out is that a main electrode is located at center,
Monitor electrode and bucking electrode are centered around main electrode periphery.
, all using non magnetic hard metal material, the surrounding them on electrode pad surface inlays abrasionproof for matrix and electrode pad
Composite sheet；Insulated by insulant between electrode and between electrode and electrode pad.
The non magnetic hard metal material of described matrix and electrode pad all employings includes tungsten or rustless steel；Described electrode week
Enclose the abrasionproof composite sheet inlayed and include tungsten or diamond；Described insulant includes fluorubber, fiberglass or epoxy resin.
The resistivity logging while drilling nearly drill bit measurement apparatus of the present invention have an advantageous effect in that, by using relatively simple electricity
Polar system, measurement apparatus can be installed in the drilling tool small space at nearly drill bit, using between bucking electrode and monitor electrode
Approximately equalised potential difference, controls main electrode voltage constant, meanwhile, makes main electrode electric current to stratum Vertical Launch, realize electric current
Focus on, improve vertical resolution and certainty of measurement.
Brief description：
Fig. 1 is an embodiment of the present invention in underground work schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is a kind of resistivity logging while drilling nearly drill bit measurement apparatus schematic diagram of the present invention；In figure left-half is backflow electricity
The drill collar that pole is located；The part that right half part is combined with centralizer for device；
Fig. 3 is a kind of resistivity logging while drilling nearly drill bit measurement apparatus right half part profile of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the circuit block diagram of control module；
Fig. 5 is the circuit block diagram of the high-power radiating circuit of signal generator.
Specific embodiment：
In conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the invention is further described.
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic diagram in underground work for resistivity logging while drilling nearly drill bit measurement apparatus.Borer system 1 on ground
Support and drive the down-hole equipments such as kelly bar 2, drilling rod 3, BHA 4 so as to be deep in well 5.Wherein, bottom is bored
Tool combination 4 includes drill bit 6, MTR 7, one or more snippets non magnetic drill collar 8.In drilling well, borer system 1 drives whole drilling tool
Rotate or slide up and down, drilling fluid is squeezed into the hole at drilling tool center from ground, flowed out by the nozzle of drill bit 6, from drilling tool and well
Between annular space flow up, carry the landwaste that is cut and return to ground.
Mwd system 9 is installed in non magnetic drill collar 8, for measuring the well track state such as hole deviation, orientation, in addition, generally also
It is provided with boring the LWD instruments such as gamma logging instrument 10, resistivity logging while drilling logger 11, for distinguishing the lithology on stratum, really
Stand oil gas-bearing formation position.It is interconnected with one another together between these instruments, all metrical informations pass through mud arteries and veins by mwd system 9
The modes such as punching press Reeb, electromagnetic wave transmit ground.
Resistivity logging while drilling nearly drill bit measurement apparatus 12 are arranged between MTR 7 and drill bit 6.Nearly bit resistivity focuses on
Measurement apparatus are used for Formation Resistivity Measurement, have the functions such as measurement, control, data processing, data storage, also provide communication to connect
Mouthful.Metrical information gives, by communication interface, the short pass device that short pass device is transferred to mwd system 9.Short pass device can adopt many
Plant ripe transmission means, for example, electromagnetic transmission, sonic transmissions or wire cable transmission, no longer describe herein.Due to this dress
Put LWD instrument than MTR top closer to drill bit, according to its measurement result, the rock of drilled strata can be known earlier
Property, the information such as physical property, be easy to adjust in time well track, improve oil-gas Layer Drilling ratio, more favourable for geosteering.
In some occasions, BHA does not adopt MTR, and now nearly bit resistivity focusing measurement apparatus can
To be arranged on special non magnetic drill collar surface, and special non magnetic drill collar is arranged on drill bit top.
Fig. 2, Fig. 3 are a kind of structural representations of resistivity logging while drilling nearly drill bit measurement apparatus.Centralizer in power drilling tool
Surface has a measurement apparatus mounting groove, has telemetry circuit module and power module, outside mounting groove in measurement apparatus mounting groove
Electrode pad is installed, is bolted between the two.
Electrode pad surface inserting installs 3 electrodes, respectively bucking electrode, monitor electrode, main electrode, wherein, supervises
Electrode is embedded in inside bucking electrode, and main electrode is embedded in inside monitor electrode, is divided by insulant each other between this 3 electrodes
Separate, and they are also separated by insulant and electrode pad between.Three electrodes are respectively by high pressure sealing joint even
It is connected in telemetry circuit module.There is sealing ring electrode pad inside edge, prevents the liquid in annular space from entering in mounting groove, to protect
Shield telemetry circuit module.Electrode shape can be circular, it would however also be possible to employ the electrode of other shapes, such as ellipse, rectangle,
Square etc., different electrode shapes produces different measurement effects.In order to improve reliability, insulant should be able to resistance to height
Warm, wear-resistant, anti-vibration, shock resistance, can adopt fluorubber, fiberglass, epoxy resin etc..
Electrode pad adopts metal material, such as rustless steel, tungsten etc., for improving the wearability of pole plate, can adopt tungsten.Due to tungsten
Density higher, electrode pad integrally adopt tungsten, then weight is larger, it is therefore possible to use rustless steel is made, in stainless steel electrode
The composite sheet that polar board surface, surrounding them damascene tungsten, diamond etc. are made, forms wear-resistant belt, shield electrode pole plate and electrode.
On the drill collar body away from electrode pad, inlay and return electrode is installed, this electrode is as the electricity of remaining electrode
Stream returns terminal.The distance between return electrode and electrode pad should not be too near, the typically much deeper than investigation depth of electrode.
Fig. 4 is the circuit block diagram of control module.The process that explanation electric field is set up below.
Signal generator produces low-frequency sine, after amplifying through power amplifier, produces constant pressure source by transformator, to shielding
Electrode A1Bucking current I is providedS, this electric current is returned by return electrode B, thus establishes screen stream electric field.
Due to bucking current it has been established that bucking electrode A1There is potential difference V and monitor electrode M betweenA1-M, this potential difference
VA1-MAfter balance amplification, frequency-selecting amplification and power amplification, export to main electrode A0.Main electrode A0Output principal current I0, radially
Direction flows to return electrode B, simultaneously also to monitor electrode M flowing so as to current potential VMRaise, work as VMIt is increased to close to bucking electrode
A1Current potential VA1When, main electrode A0Current potential VA0Also close to VA1, VA1-MReach design expected value, that is, reach balance.
Therefore, said process is actually by the potential difference between bucking electrode and monitor electrode, is that main electrode generation swashs
Encourage signal, principal current is launched to stratum from main electrode；And the voltage of monitoring and supervisory electrode, keep monitor electrode and bucking electrode
Voltage is equal, controls main electrode voltage constant.
Due to bucking electrode A1Electric current is not had to pass through and monitor electrode M between, bucking current ISWith principal current I0Radially flow
Dynamic, then return through return electrode B, principal current I0Form horn-like current field, be not affected or less affected by shoulder effect.
After electric field balance, VA0Slightly above VM(i.e. VA1), then during Practical Calculation electrical conductivity, it is VA1Even if, I0
Leave the borehole wall a little, nor affect on measurement result.Resistivity is calculated as,For instrumental constant, can pass through
Experiment or theoretical formula method are tried to achieve.Due to, then.Due to VA1It is that design determines, as long as surveying
Amount I0, borehole wall resistivity nearby can be tried to achieve.
In order to measure I0, by main electrode A0Two ends sample resistance extraction voltage, after transformator T4 isolation, gives electric current and puts
Greatly, then after A/D conversion, give microcontroller and processed, obtain I0, then calculate resistivity.
For avoiding electrode polarization, transmission signal is low frequency, but volume of transformer is larger, is unfavorable for being integrated in mounting groove relatively
In little space, therefore can properly increase operating frequency, frequency range is in 100Hz～10KHz.Signal generator adopts DDS core
Piece, controls the frequency signal required for producing by microcontroller.MCU can adopt single-chip microcomputer or DSP.Telemetry circuit system
Also include memorizer and communication interface, for preserving result, and by communication interface, measurement result is passed by short pass device
To mwd system, obtain real-time results.
Fig. 5 is the high-power radiating circuit block diagram of signal generator.For improving the signal to noise ratio of Circuits System, need on stratum
The big electric current of middle generation, radiating circuit must have larger power.For with boring instrument, due to being powered using battery,
Installing space is narrow and small, therefore it is required that the energy utilization efficiency of power amplification circuit is high, take small volume.Compare A class, B class, AB class
In other power amplifiers, the energy utilization efficiency of class-D amplifier is high, and useless power consumption is little, self-heating amount low it is not necessary to big
Heat abstractor, takies small volume, is suitable as the radiating circuit of this instrument.
In Figure 5, the sine wave that DDS chip produces inputs to amplifier, after amplifying, produces with triangular-wave generator
High frequency triangle wave or sawtooth waveforms compare, comparator output waveform be the different square wave of a pulse width, its width with
The amplitude of low frequency sine wave signal and change, that is, comparator will input analogue signal modulation conversion be switching waveform, produce one
Pulsewidth modulation（PWM）Signal, this modulated signal is added to power output stage.Power output stage is to be driven by two complementary switches connecting
The D class power amplifier of dynamic pipe composition, when a driving tube cut-off, another driving tube saturation conduction, vice versa.In each shape
Under state, consumption all very littles to power supply energy for the amplifier.Pulse signal after being amplified by power output stage is given and is made up of L, C
Low-pass filter circuit, restores the sine wave signal of input, obtains power output signal.Output signal feeds back to the defeated of amplifier
Enter end, the situation of change of power supply can be detected in outfan, and by control loop, output is adjusted, can compensate for electricity
The fluctuation of source voltage.Further, since switch drive pipe is switched on or off needing certain time, during this period of time two Guan Youke
Can all turn on, and appearance is led directly to and burnt switching tube, for this reason, avoiding this phenomenon to occur using dead zone function.
Claims (3)
1. the nearly drill bit measurement apparatus of a kind of resistivity logging while drilling, including mainly by power module, telemetry circuit module, main electrode, screen
Cover the LWD resistivity log system of electrode, monitor electrode and return electrode composition, and this LWD resistivity log system is installed
The matrix of system, wherein, telemetry circuit module includes signal generator, bucking electrode power amplification, transformator, balance amplification, choosing
Frequency amplification, main electrode power amplification, Current amplifier, A/D, microcontroller, memorizer and communication interface, is characterized in that：Described base
Body is the centralizer or drill collar being connected with drill bit, and matrix opens up measuring system mounting groove, telemetry circuit module and power supply mould
Block is placed in mounting groove；Mounting groove external seal installs electrode pad, and electrode pad surface inserting is provided with bucking electrode, supervision
Electrode, main electrode, monitor electrode and main electrode are located inside bucking electrode, between all electrodes, between electrode and electrode pad
All keep state of insulation；Three kinds of electrodes are connected in the telemetry circuit module in mounting groove by high pressure sealing joint respectively；Return
Stream electrode is inlayed on the drill collar body being mounted remotely from electrode pad；Described signal generator adopts high-power radiating circuit,
Including：Sine wave input amplifier, triangular-wave generator, comparator, two complementary switch drive pipes connecting and low-pass filtering
Circuit, dead zone function circuit.
2. the nearly drill bit measurement apparatus of resistivity logging while drilling according to claim 1, is characterized in that：Described electrode lay-out is one
Individual main electrode is located at center, and monitor electrode and bucking electrode are centered around main electrode periphery.
3. the nearly drill bit measurement apparatus of resistivity logging while drilling according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that：Described matrix and electricity
The non magnetic hard metal material of pole pole plate all employings, including tungsten or rustless steel；The abrasionproof composite sheet bag that described surrounding them is inlayed
Include tungsten or diamond；Adopt between electrode and between electrode and electrode pad and include fluorubber, fiberglass or epoxy resin
Insulant is insulated.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310003353.2A CN103912264B (en) | 2013-01-06 | 2013-01-06 | Near-bit logging-while-drilling resistivity measuring device |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310003353.2A CN103912264B (en) | 2013-01-06 | 2013-01-06 | Near-bit logging-while-drilling resistivity measuring device |
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| CN103912264A CN103912264A (en) | 2014-07-09 |
| CN103912264B true CN103912264B (en) | 2017-02-08 |
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| CN105822296A (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2016-08-03 | 成都创源油气技术开发有限公司 | Acoustic-electric imaging logging instrument |
| CN106121638A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-11-16 | 武汉海阔科技有限公司 | A kind of measurement while drilling downhole system coaxially connected based on three cores |
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| CN106884653B (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2020-08-11 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Orientation electrode, drill collar and measurement method for measurement while drilling |
| CN109505592B (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2021-10-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | High-gain resistivity signal receiving device while drilling |
| CN108661574B (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2020-06-19 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | While-drilling azimuth lateral resistivity measurement probe and drill collar |
| CN111197484A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2020-05-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Formation resistivity imaging electrode device while drilling |
| CN110344823B (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2023-04-07 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | While-drilling gamma resistivity imaging logging instrument based on rotary steering tool |
| CN112302619A (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2021-02-02 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Resistivity instrument for imaging while drilling |
| CN112160744B (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2022-09-09 | 电子科技大学 | Measuring device for ultra-deep resistivity |
| CN112627812B (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2023-05-30 | 中海石油（中国）有限公司天津分公司 | Underground clamping layer nipple for measuring lithology and drilling assembly |
| CN114198097B (en) * | 2022-02-18 | 2022-06-14 | 东营仪锦能源科技有限公司 | Drilling-following type double lateral logging instrument |
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Effective date of registration: 20220808 Address after: 100728 No. 22 North Main Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, Chaoyangmen Patentee after: CHINA PETROLEUM & CHEMICAL Corp. Patentee after: SINOPEC OILFIELD SERVICE Corp. Patentee after: SINOPEC SHENGLI PETROLEUM ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: Sinopec Jingwei Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: Geological measurement and Control Technology Research Institute of Sinopec Jingwei Co.,Ltd. Address before: 100728 No. 22 North Main Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, Chaoyangmen Patentee before: CHINA PETROLEUM & CHEMICAL Corp. Patentee before: SHENGLI DRILLING TECHNOLOGY Research Institute OF SINOPEC |