CN202892590U - 适用于支气管镜操作咯血抢救和困难气道的气管插管装置 - Google Patents
适用于支气管镜操作咯血抢救和困难气道的气管插管装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN202892590U CN202892590U CN 201220480216 CN201220480216U CN202892590U CN 202892590 U CN202892590 U CN 202892590U CN 201220480216 CN201220480216 CN 201220480216 CN 201220480216 U CN201220480216 U CN 201220480216U CN 202892590 U CN202892590 U CN 202892590U
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- Prior art keywords
- tracheal intubation
- tracheal
- core
- bronchoscope
- rescue
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Abstract
本实用新型涉及一种适用于支气管镜操作咯血抢救和困难气道的气管插管装置，包括气管插管、气管插管内芯和导丝。所述的气管插管和气管插管内芯具有弧度，呼吸机管路接口紧密插入气管插管上端。插管内芯套入相对应内径的气管插管腔内，下段伸出于气管插管下端，插管内芯管腔内有直径约2.5mm中空的导丝管通过，导丝管下端与导丝头连接并相通，导丝管上端贯穿接口塞与外界相通。本实用新型的装置在支气管镜操作并发气道内大出血时，可以快速、有效地完成气管插管，同时也适用于麻醉科医师开展困难气道的经皮逆行气管插管。插管过程操作简便、快速准确、创伤小。借助不同规格的气管插管，使用范围包括小儿至成人。尤其适用于各级开展支气管镜操作和/或全麻手术的医院备用。
Description
适用于支气管镜操作咯血抢救和困难气道的气管插管装置
技术领域
[0001] 本实用新型属于气管插管医疗器械领域，特别是涉及一种适用于支气管镜操作咯血抢救和困难气道的气管插管装置。
背景技术
[0002] 临床上紧急情况下采用气管插管，可以迅速建立人工气道，有效解决患者通气的问题，因此气管插管是临床上最为基本和有效的窒息抢救方法。目前已应用于临床的气管插管方法很多，临床医生在喉镜和支气管镜等辅助设备直视下多可完成大多数患者的气管插管过程。但在一小部分如罹患严重的颈椎病、颞颌关节强直等困难气道的患者，传统的气管插管方法则相当困难。在支气管镜临床操作过程中，一旦遭遇气道内血管破裂大量出血，患者有紧急气管插管指征时，目前已有的设备和方法也不能进行迅速而有效的气管插管，患者往往因窒息时间过长而死亡，其原因如下：1)气道内大量出血药物控制不佳时，迅速涌出的血液使得支气管镜视野模糊、消失。患者很快因缺氧出现烦躁、呼吸频率紊乱，加之支气管镜的气道占位及阻塞效应，使得缺氧进一步加剧。但支气管镜一旦退出气道，患者口鼻咽部不断涌出的血液及极度躁动不安使得操作者很难将支气管镜再次迅速插入气道，故也无法完成经支气管镜引导下的气管插管；2)患者因缺氧很快出现窒息前兆，躁动不安、牙关紧闭，其口、鼻、咽部及气道内将淤积大量血液及血块，采用喉镜等辅助设备可视下开展经口气管插管也非常困难；3)呼吸系统功能重要，支气管树的空间有限，一旦出现大咯血且出血量大于50ml，凝固的血块很快会将完全阻塞气道，故建立有效的人工气道必需争分夺秒，而采用气管切开等外科手术开放气道耗时过长，也无实际的临床意义。目前尚没有一种简便，有效且易操作的临床气管插管装置。
发明内容
[0003] 本实用新型采用的技术方案是：提供一种适用于支气管镜操作咯血抢救和困难气道的气管插管装置，该装置在支气管镜操作并发气道内大出血时，可以快速、有效地完成气管插管，同时也适用于麻醉科医师开展困难气道的经皮逆行气管插管。插管过程操作简便、快速准确、创伤小。借助不同规格的气管插管，使用范围包括小儿至成人。尤其适用于各级开展支气管镜操作和/或全麻手术的医院备用。
[0004] 本实用新型设计一种适用于支气管镜操作咯血抢救和困难气道的气管插管装置，包括气管插管、气管插管内芯和导丝，其特征在于，所述的气管插管和气管插管内芯具有弧度，呼吸机管路接口紧密插入气管插管上端。插管内芯套入相对应内径的气管插管腔内，下段伸出于气管插管下端，插管内芯管腔内有直径约2. 5mm中空的导丝管通过，导丝管下端与导丝头连接并相通，导丝管上端贯穿接口塞与外界相通。
[0005] 所述的气管插管全长约36_42cm,优选为38cm,插管前段具有锥形的导丝头,气管插管外标有厘米刻度，在20cm及30cm刻度数字放大并用红色字体突显。
[0006] 所述的气管插管下端为斜面导管出口，近导管出口气管插管侧壁有一个直径约6mm通气侧孔，距气管插管下端25-28mm处外侧壁有气囊，气囊通过插管壁内的小管与气管插管上端充气阀相通。
[0007] 所述的插管内芯为中空的管道样结构，外径略小于气管插管内径，伸出气管插管插入末端长度约20_，伸出部分内芯管侧壁开有一个通气侧孔，伸出部分插管内芯与为圆锥形的中空导丝头相接，导丝头长度约10mm，内芯管上端与中空的接头塞相连，接头塞紧密插入呼吸机管路标准接口内。
[0008] 所述的中空接头塞旁侧有小孔与通气指示管相连接。通气指示管腔内有一个浮动红色小球用于标定气体流动。
[0009] 所述的气管插管及其附件和插管内芯及其附件皆采用无毒的PVC材料制作。
[0010] 所述的导丝为螺纹钢质金属丝，长度约1600mm，直径约1mm，导丝一端较柔软。
[0011] 本实用新型采用内芯管套入气管插管内部，此设计有利于提高气管插管的速度和效率；直径Imm的螺纹钢质导丝较普通导丝直径粗且质地硬，导丝在引导气管插管过程中不至于折压，使得气管插管易于进入气道，提高插管操作的便利性。对于170cm左右成年男性而言，当气管插管插入深度超过20cm时提示气管插管末端位于气管腔内，插入深度超过30cm时提示气管插管末端位于左主或右主支气管腔内，此设计可以使气管插管进入左主或右主支气管实现单肺通气成为可能，尤其适用于支气管镜操作并发大出血的单肺插管气囊填塞的抢救。气管插管末端管壁上的较大直径侧孔（6mm),有利于在开展右主支气管插管时，充分暴露右上叶开口，保证插管的有效性。气管插管内芯管插入段设有通气侧孔，与插管体外端的通气指示器互相连通，此设计有利于在插管过程中患者保持呼吸通畅；通气指示器的浮动小球可随呼吸上下活动，可以及时标识插管末端进入气道，此设计提高了插管操作的安全性和准确性。借助不同内径、不同规格的气管插管，使用范围可包括小儿至成人，提高了使用范围的广泛性。
[0012] 有益.效果
[0013] 本实用新型具有下列优点：
[0014] I)解决了呼吸内镜医师在支气管镜操作中并发气道大出血时，因气管腔内、口鼻咽部的血液及血凝块淤积阻塞气道，患者出现窒息前兆时因视野不清所致的气管插管困难的技术难题，通过插管后健侧支气管单肺人工气道的建立可以有效的控制气道内出血、保持呼吸道通畅，明显提高抢救成功率。
[0015] 2)解决了麻醉科医师在开展困难气道的经颈部皮肤穿刺逆行经口气管插管中，因插管建立人工气道耗时过长、进入声门易受阻的问题，明显提高插管成功率。
附图说明
[0016] 图1为本实用新型插管内芯的结构示意图。
[0017] 图2为本实用新型气管插管的结构示意图。
[0018] 图3为本实用新型气管插管整体示意图。
[0019] 图中，I气管插管2气 管插管内芯3导丝4厘米刻度5气管插管通气侧孔6气囊 7充气阀8呼吸机管路接口 9内芯管通气侧孔10锥形导丝头11接口塞12导丝管13通气指示管14浮动小球具体实施方式
[0020] 下面结合附图及实例，进一步阐述本实用新型。应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本实用新型而不用于限制本实用新型的范围。此外应理解，在阅读了本实用新型讲授的内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本实用新型作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
[0021] 实施例1
[0022] 呼吸内镜医师在进行常规局麻下经鼻支气管镜检查过程中，对某成年男性患者左上叶腔内病灶活检后遭遇严重的气道内出血，采用经支气管镜腔内注入和经静脉推注止血药物仍无法控制出血量，患者在口鼻涌出大量新鲜血液和血块后出现呼吸困难、口唇紫绀和血氧饱和度下降等窒息前兆征象。此时呼吸内镜医师迅速将患者置于左侧卧位，操作支气管镜进入右主支气管并吸除腔内淹入的血液，经支气管镜操作孔道将导丝（3)柔软端置入右下叶支气管腔内，及时退出支气管镜后，由助手及时固定患者鼻腔外的导丝，呼吸内镜医师则将导丝穿入管体具有一定弧度气管插管的锥形导丝头（10)，在导丝引导下沿鼻腔将带有内芯（2)的气管插管（I)插入患者体内，通过观察气管插管管体上的厘米刻度（4)，当20cm刻度线进入鼻腔，提示气管插管插入端已过患者声门并进入气管上段，患者自主的呼吸动作使得气体由气管插管内芯管末端的侧孔（9)进入内芯管（2)，并沿着内芯管进入通气指示管（13)。此时观察通气指示管的彩色小球（14)，当小球出现上下活动时则进一步确认气管插管已进入气道，此时迅速推进气管插管（1)，同时观察气管插管上的厘米刻度，当30cm刻度进入鼻腔时提示气管插管末端已进入右主支气管腔内。呼吸内镜医师快速拔出接口塞（11)并一并取出气管插管内芯（2)和导丝（3)。呼吸内镜医师操作支气管镜重新经气管插管进入快速吸除残留在右侧支气管腔内的血液并调整气管插管位置，最终使气管插管下端位于右主支气管腔内，插管下段侧壁的通气侧孔（5)对应右上叶开口。助手用20ml针筒通过气管插管上段的充气阀（7)注入IOml空气完成气管插管插入段气囊（6)膨胀，气囊膨胀后可固定气管插管并可 防止左侧大量血液淹入健侧气道，从而完成大咯血的右主支气管气管插管过程。
[0023] 实施例2
[0024] 对颈椎病颈部活动严重受限的患者开展全麻手术前，可以使用本气管插管开展逆行气管插管。麻醉科医师首先采用2%利多卡因雾化吸入和/或喷雾的方法表面麻醉患者口咽、喉腔及气管上段粘膜，然后患者取平卧位，对情绪紧张的患者采用咪唑安定Img静推镇静，常规消毒颈前皮肤，取环甲膜下第I至3软骨环间隙皮肤为穿刺点，2%利多卡因逐层局麻颈前皮肤至气管腔内，换用深静脉穿刺针针头向头端倾斜30度刺入。如图所示，穿刺针进入气管腔内后，将深静脉导引钢丝柔软段沿深静脉穿刺针筒尾端进入气管腔内，逐步推进导丝，使得导丝通过声门、口咽后从口腔引出。麻醉师可在导丝引导下沿鼻腔将带有内芯的、管体弧度和插入段为锥形的气管插管按照实施例1的方法直接置入患者气管腔内，置入后通过气管插管末端的通气指示管彩色小球（14)上下浮动以进一步确认气管插管
(I)进入气管腔内，此时继续推进气管插管3至4cm后拔出接口塞（11)并取出气管插管内芯（2)，退出导丝，充气阀（7)充气固定气囊（6)以完成逆行气管插管过程。
Claims (8)
1. 一种适用于支气管镜操作咯血抢救和困难气道的气管插管装置，包括气管插管(I)、气管插管内芯（2)和导丝（3)，其特征在于，所述的气管插管（I)和气管插管内芯（2)具有弧度，呼吸机管路接口（8)紧密插入气管插管（I)上端，插管内芯（2)套入相对应内径的气管插管腔内，下段伸出于气管插管（I)下端，插管内芯（2 )管腔内有直径约2. 5mm中空的导丝管（12)通过，导丝管下端与导丝头（10)连接并相通，导丝管上端贯穿接口塞（11)与外界相通。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于支气管镜操作咯血抢救和困难气道的气管插管装置，其特征在于，所述的气管插管（I)全长36-42cm，插管前段具有锥形的导丝头，气管插管外标有厘米刻度，在20cm及30cm刻度数字放大并用红色字体突显（4)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种适用于支气管镜操作咯血抢救和困难气道的气管插管装置，其特征在于，所述的气管插管（I)全长38cm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于支气管镜操作咯血抢救和困难气道的气管插管装置，其特征在于，所述的气管插管（I)下端为斜面导管出口，近导管出口气管插管侧壁有一个直径约6mm通气侧孔（5)，距气管插管下端25-28mm处外侧壁有气囊（6)，气囊通过插管壁内的小管与气管插管上端充气阀（7 )相通。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种可支气管镜操作咯血抢救和困难气道的气管插管装置，其特征在于，所述的插管内芯（2)为中空的管道样结构，外径略小于气管插管内径（1)，伸出长度约20mm，伸出部分内芯管侧壁开有一个通气侧孔（9)，伸出部分插管内芯与为圆锥形的中空导丝头（10)相接，导丝头长度约10mm，内芯管上端与中空的接头塞（11)相连，接头塞紧密插入呼吸机管路标准接口（8)内。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种可支气管镜操作咯血抢救和困难气道的气管插管装置，其特征在于，所述的中空接头塞旁侧有小孔与通气指示管（13)相连接，通气指示管腔内有一个浮动红色小球（14)用于标定气体流动。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种可支气管镜操作咯血抢救和困难气道的气管插管装置，其特征在于，所述的气管插管（I)及其附件和插管内芯（2)及其附件皆采用无毒的PVC材料制作。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于支气管镜操作咯血抢救和困难气道的气管插管装置，其特征在于，所述的导丝（3)为螺纹钢质金属丝，长度约1600mm，直径约1mm，导丝一端较柔软。
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102553047A (zh) * | 2011-12-31 | 2012-07-11 | 李强 | 适用于支气管镜操作咯血抢救和困难气道的气管插管装置 |
| CN104841049A (zh) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-08-19 | 周天敏 | 改良气管插管 |
| CN105343975A (zh) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-02-24 | 孙扬 | 一种无需喉镜的气管插管装置 |
| JP2017196120A (ja) * | 2016-04-27 | 2017-11-02 | 奇美醫療財團法人奇美醫院 | 気管監視管路及びそれを用いた気管内管 |
| CN110975100A (zh) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-04-10 | 徐州医科大学 | 气管切开后插管固定装置 |
-
2012
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102553047A (zh) * | 2011-12-31 | 2012-07-11 | 李强 | 适用于支气管镜操作咯血抢救和困难气道的气管插管装置 |
| CN104841049A (zh) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-08-19 | 周天敏 | 改良气管插管 |
| CN104841049B (zh) * | 2015-04-27 | 2018-12-25 | 周天敏 | 改良气管插管 |
| CN105343975A (zh) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-02-24 | 孙扬 | 一种无需喉镜的气管插管装置 |
| JP2017196120A (ja) * | 2016-04-27 | 2017-11-02 | 奇美醫療財團法人奇美醫院 | 気管監視管路及びそれを用いた気管内管 |
| CN110975100A (zh) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-04-10 | 徐州医科大学 | 气管切开后插管固定装置 |
| CN110975100B (zh) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-11-20 | 徐州医科大学 | 气管切开后插管固定装置 |
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