CN202441513U - 串接式燃油能效催化器 - Google Patents
串接式燃油能效催化器 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种串接式燃油能效催化器，包括壳体（410）和装于壳体（410）内的稀土永磁体（420），壳体（410）两端各有一根连接管（413），两块磁极方向相对的稀土永磁体（420）之间有燃油通道（491），燃油通道（491）与两根连接管（413）连通。是一种结构简单、安装方便，能改善燃油的结构特性、使之能更完全燃烧，既减少有害气体排放又降低发动机油耗、并进一步地能清排发动机积炭的串接式燃油能效催化器。
Description
【技术领域】
本实用新型涉及用于发动机的燃料，空气，或燃料空气混合气的预处理装置，尤其涉及通过催化、电法、磁法、辐射、声波或其它类似方法进行处理用的装置，特别是涉及以稀土族元素制成的永磁体为催化物载体并能提高发动机燃油能效的催化器。
【背景技术】
由于机动车燃油中含有较大的分子团，使其不能彻底燃烧，致其尾气中含有可燃性有害气体，主要是一氧化碳CO、氮氧化合物NOx和碳氢化合物HC。在当前城市机动车数量持续增长的状态下，机动车尾气中的这些有害成分已经成为城市空气的主要污染源之一。减少机动车尾气中的这些有害气体的排放是提高城市空气质量的关键。现有技术之三元催化法是目前比较有效的降低机动车尾气有害气体排放的方法。利用三元催化法制成的三元催化器广泛使用于各种机动车上。
所谓三元催化就是使用铂Pt、钯Pd、铑Rh三种贵金属作为催化物，促使机动车尾气排出的CO、HC和NOx等有害气体通过氧化和还原作用转变为无害的二氧化碳、水、氮气和氧气。三元催化器安装于机动车排气系统的尾部，对在发动机中没有燃烧殆尽的废气进行净化，其工作原理是：当高温的机动车尾气通过催化器时，催化器中的铂、钯、铑三种贵金属会增强CO、HC和NOx三种气体的活性，促使其进行一定的氧化-还原化学反应，其中CO在高温下氧化成为无色、无毒的二氧化碳气体；HC化合物在高温下氧化成水H20和二氧化碳CO2；NOx还原成氮气和氧气。三种有害气体变成无害气体，使机动车尾气的排放质量大幅提高。
然而，现有技术三元催化器安装于废气排出发动机气缸之后的部位，它只能改善发动机尾气的排放质量，减少有害气体对环境的污染，却不能改变机动车燃油的能效质量，同时还因为三元催化阻碍了排气的顺畅，降低了压缩比、导致油耗增加，这种增加高达安装所述催化器之前油耗的10%左右。
三元催化器之所以只能安装于发动机气缸之后，是因为作为其催化物所用的三种贵金属铂、钯、铑元素只有在高温下才能对有害气体催化激活，发动机排放的尾气温度在400℃至800℃ 之间，铂、钯、铑分别在这一温度区域的不同温度段上发挥催化作用，三种元素的催化作用覆盖整个温度区，但是铂、钯、铑三种贵金属元素在常温下对燃油催化作用甚微，难以改善燃油的燃烧特性。
【实用新型内容】
本实用新型要解决的技术问题在于避免上述现有技术的不足之处而提供一种在常温下能改善燃油的燃烧特性、使之能更完全燃烧，既能减低有害气体的排放又能降低发动机油耗、并进一步地能清排发动机积炭的串接式燃油能效催化器。
本实用新型解决所述技术问题采用的技术方案是：提供一种串接式燃油能效催化器，包括壳体，其特征在于：所述壳体内容置有载能催化的稀土永磁体，壳体两端各延伸有连接管，壳体内两块极性方向相对的稀土永磁体之间有燃油通道，燃油通道与两根连接管连通。
所述稀土永磁体的外表面可以有防护层，所述防护层可以是电镀层。
所述壳体和稀土永磁体间可以有支撑体，用于支撑两块稀土永磁体和壳体并形成燃油通道。所述支撑体可以用特氟龙材料制造。该材料具有超强耐磨、耐腐蚀、耐介质、耐高温且具良好电磁特性。其良好的电磁特性确保催化能量的导入，同时保证其长期在燃油浸泡中不变形，不脱落。长期稳定、可靠地工作。
所述壳体可以用低碳钢或纯铁制作，其和稀土永磁体紧密结合形成一个封闭磁路，迫使大量的磁力线穿过燃油从而达到大量催化燃油的作用。
本实用新型的有益效果是：结构简单、使用方便，能改善燃油的结构特性、使之能更完全燃烧，既减少有害气体的排放又降低发动机油耗、并能清排发动机积炭，延长发动机的使用寿命。
【附图说明】
下面结合附图对本实用新型作进一步的描述。
附图1是本实用新型的结构剖视图；
图中410为壳体、413为连接管、491为燃油通道、420为稀土永磁体、419为支撑体。
【具体实施方式】
参见附图，本实用新型串接式燃油能效催化器，包括壳体410，其特征在于：所述壳体410内容置有载能催化的、包括镨Pr、铈Ce和镝Dy各稀土元素和硼B 元素的稀土永磁体420，壳体410两端各延伸有连接管413，壳体内两块极性方向相对的稀土永磁体420之间有燃油通道491，燃油通道491与两根连接管413连通。
在本实用新型的实施例中，于壳体410和稀土永磁体420间有支撑体419，用于支撑两块稀土永磁体420和壳体410并形成燃油通道491。所述支撑体用特氟龙材料制造。
所述稀土永磁体420的外表面有防护层，所述防护层是镍-铜-镍三层电镀层，每层电镀层厚度为5～8微米。
所述壳体410用低碳钢或纯铁制作。
使用时，把本实用新型作为一段输油管安装到发动机输油管路系统中。本实用新型适用于所有排量（特别适合排量在4.0升以上汽、柴油，以及特殊小排量车型）的车、船燃油发动机，能达到提高车、船动力、节省燃油，减少有害气体排放、清除发动机积碳的目的。其性能稳定、寿命长、安全可靠。
Claims (4)
1.一种串接式燃油能效催化器，包括壳体（410），其特征在于：所述壳体（410）内容置有载能催化的稀土永磁体（420），壳体（410）两端各延伸有连接管（413），壳体内两块极性方向相对的稀土永磁体（420）之间有燃油通道（491），燃油通道（491）与两根连接管（413）连通。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种串接式燃油能效催化器，其特征在于：所述稀土永磁体（420）的外表面有防护层，所述防护层是镍-铜-镍三层电镀层，每一电镀层厚度为5～8微米。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种串接式燃油能效催化器，其特征在于：所述壳体（410）用低碳钢或纯铁制作。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种串接式燃油能效催化器，其特征在于：在壳体（410）和稀土永磁体（420）间有支撑体（419），用于支撑两块稀土永磁体（420）和壳体（410）并形成燃油通道（491）。
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