Burning and pyrolysis coupled three combined supply apparatus
Affiliated technical field:
The utility model relates to a kind of burning and pyrolysis coupled three combined supply apparatus, thereby is the device that carbonaceousmaterial is changed into oil, gas, hot product through fast pyrogenation and burn processing.Here the carbonaceousmaterial of indication comprises coal, biomass, resinous shale etc., also can be their mixture.
Background technology:
(like gasification, liquefaction, burning, pyrolysis etc.) can obtain products such as oil, gas, heat to carbonaceousmaterial through processing treatment; Existing research shows; The technology that adopts single process (like gasification or liquefaction) is working condition harshness or productive rate is low or cost is high often; Employing pyrolysis and burning coupled technology then working condition reach easily, and can obtain products such as oil, gas, heat more economically, and resource utilization is high.So-called pyrolysis mainly comprises two processes with the burning coupling technique: the one, in pyrolyzer, the carbonaceousmaterial pyrolysis is changed into oil gas product and semicoke, and the needed heat of pyrolysis is provided by solid thermal carriers (like porcelain ball or high temperature ash); The 2nd, in burner with coal-char combustion, in order to heat hot carrier (like the porcelain ball) or produce the high temperature ash and produce heat energy.Institute of Engineering Thernophysics, Academia Sinica, process engineering institute, Shanxi coalification institute, Beijing coalification institute of coal science institute, Dalian University of Technology etc. have all carried out many research work at this point; The technological difference of being developed is mainly reflected on the principle of work of pyrolyzer (such as moving-bed or bubbling fluidized bed or Roarykiln or descending-bed reactor); Comparatively speaking; Descending-bed reactor by in the patent (ZL01218480.2) of process engineering institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences proposition has characteristics such as rapid heating, gas-solid sharp separation, and its Oil Recovery rate and caloric power of gas are higher.Its weak point is: whole pyrolytic process has experienced mixing tank, downtake, quick gas-solid separator, so flow process is longer, equipment is more, and the gas-solid separator complex structure; For adding mixing of heat-flash ash and raw material, need raw material be injected mixing tank with the tangential with rare gas element, so except reinforced process complicacy, owing to the adding caloric power of gas of rare gas element also can correspondingly reduce; Because pyrolysis gas can only derived in the gas-solid separator fast; So the pyrolysis gas that produces in the pyrolytic process can not be derived as early as possible; Exist and high-temperature material long problem duration of contact, thereby can cause more pyrolysis gas generation secondary reaction, thereby reduced oily yield.
Summary of the invention:
In order to overcome the deficiency that prior art exists, the purpose of the utility model is that burning and pyrolysis coupled three combined supply apparatus that a kind of flow process is short, equipment is few, oil recovery rate is high, HU is high and the output caloric power of gas is high will be provided.
The structure of the utility model; Comprise: fast fluidized bed burner (1), gas-solid separator (2), hot grey flow channel (5), descending bed asher (3) and semicoke foldback passage (4); Fast fluidized bed burner (1) top is connected with the import of gas-solid separator (2); The solids outlet of gas-solid separator (2) is connected through the top of hot grey flow channel (5) with descending bed asher (3); The bottom of descending bed asher (3) is connected through the bottom of semicoke foldback passage (4) with fast fluidized bed burner (1), on semicoke foldback passage (4) and hot grey flow channel (5), all is provided with the solid materials valve, it is characterized in that; The inside of described descending bed asher (3) is provided with fixed enhancing mixed device; The top of described descending bed asher (3) is provided with pyrolysis gas relief outlet, and the operating gas velocity of described fast fluidized bed burner (1) is the 1-20 meter per second, has raw material to add inlet on described three combined supply apparatus.The operational process of the utility model is roughly following: 1. add inlet from raw material and add raw material; In descending bed asher (3) by the mixing effect of fixed enhancing mixed device; Raw material effectively mixes with hot ash from gas-solid separator (2); Fast pyrolysis takes place; Can in certain altitude, automatically it be separated with gravity difference with solid buoyancy by gas simultaneously; The pyrolysis gas that promptly produces flows out (further processing can obtain oil gas product) to the higher pyrolysis gas relief outlet in position naturally by buoyant gas, and the solid matter that left behind (mainly being semicoke and bed material) is then relied on the bottom of power natural subsidence in descending bed asher (3) for support, so in descending bed asher (3), can accomplish mixing, heat transfer, pyrolysis and gas solid separation simultaneously; 2. send in the fast fluidized bed burner (1) by the solid matter that the solid materials valve will fall to descending bed asher (3) bottom through semicoke foldback passage (4); Feed an amount of air at this; Solid materials is burnt; The gas-solid product separates the heat ash through gas-solid separator (2) with flue gas subsequently, and isolating hot ash relends and helps the solid materials valve to enter into descending bed asher (3) through hot grey flow channel (5).Recirculation in this way.For guarantee that certain solid materials internal circulating load is arranged in described device, the operating gas velocity of fast fluidized bed burner (1) is the 1-20 meter per second.Described solid materials valve can be L type valve, U type valve or J type valve, the main velocity of flow and the effect of cutting off air-flow (promptly it only allows solid materials to pass through under normal operation, and gas then is prevented from) that plays the control solid materials.
Below with regard to the device each several part explain further details.
Fixed enhancing mixed device in the descending bed asher (3) can be made up of that (definite requirement according to pyrolytic process of group number is definite 2 groups or no more than 50 groups air guide; Generally for poor thermal conductivity or the slow-footed material of pyrolytic reaction; The group number of selecting for use is more), every group of air guide comprises inducer (6) and following inducer (7) two portions, last inducer (6) is the cone of the hollow that Open Side Down; Following inducer (7) is the cavity that the funnelform upper end-face edge of hollow is connected with the inwall of descending bed asher (3); The diameter of the lower end of last inducer (6) is less than the diameter of the upper end of following inducer (7), and the medullary ray of last inducer (6) and following inducer (7) all overlaps with the axis of descending bed asher (3), under the effect of above-mentioned air guide; Raw material can repeatedly effectively mix with hot ash; Strengthened heat transfer process, fast pyrolysis is taken place by rapid heating in raw material, and the pyrolysis gas of generation borrows buoyancy to be discharged by pyrolysis gas relief outlet; Residual solid matter is relied on the bottom of power natural subsidence in descending bed asher (3) for support, so in described descending bed asher (3), can accomplish mixing, heat transfer, pyrolysis and gas solid separation simultaneously; Further, on the basis of said apparatus, can be on each have pyrolysis gas outlet on descending bed asher (3) sidewall of side top of inducer (6), be beneficial to pyrolysis gas and in time discharge, reduce secondary reaction, thereby improve oily yield; Further, on the basis of said apparatus, on the lower surface of each inducer, be provided with spirrillum or snakelike shape pipeline closely; These pipelines are connected from top to bottom; Thereby form a gas passage, an end of gas passage is connected with the exhanst gas outlet of gas-solid separator (2), and the other end of gas passage stretches out descending bed asher (3); The high-temperature flue gas that so just can utilize fast fluidized bed burner (1) to produce is that pyrolytic reaction provides other a part of heat; Thereby both improved heat utilization efficiency (because having utilized fume waste heat), and improved heating rate (because heat being provided simultaneously) again, thereby can improve the oil product productive rate by high-temperature flue gas and hot ash.Fixed enhancing mixed device in the descending bed asher (3) also can be one or 2-10 bar spirrillum or snakelike shape or straight line pipeline; Wherein an end of a pipeline is connected with the exhanst gas outlet of gas-solid separator (2), has an end of a pipeline to stretch out descending bed asher (3), like this; High-temperature flue gas is flowing in the pipeline; Solid materials is continuous and pipeline collision in the process that descends, and splashes, thereby has strengthened intergranular mixing or contact; So both having played the effect of strengthening collision, mix, conducting heat, pipeline itself also can be considered the heat exchange surface that utilizes fume waste heat; Likewise, the pyrolysis gas of generation borrows buoyancy to be discharged by pyrolysis gas relief outlet, and residual solid matter is relied on the bottom of power natural subsidence in descending bed asher (3) for support; For guaranteeing in device, certain solid materials internal circulating load is arranged, and reduce because the energy waste that resistance to flow causes, the operating gas velocity of fast fluidized bed burner (1) is preferably the 2-6 meter per second as far as possible; The position that raw material adds inlet can be located at the top of descending bed asher (3), also can be located at hot grey flow channel (5) and go up on the downstream side pipeline of solid materials valve, and the latter can reach the effect that prolongs heat-up time and enhancing mixed is arranged; The bottom that can part be incorporated into fast fluidized bed burner (1) through pipeline from the flue gas of gas-solid separator (2) can be practiced thrift heat energy like this and reduce power consumption as fluidizing medium; Feeder can be screw feeder or other feeding equipment.
Owing to only in descending bed asher (3), add simply constructed fixed enhancing mixed device; Just can in descending bed asher (3), realize mixing, heat transfer, pyrolysis and gas-solid separation function; Can save mixing tank and quick gas-solid separator so compare this device with existing device, thereby flow process is short, equipment is few and simple; Because at different heights, stage by stage, in time the pyrolysis conductance is gone out, improved heating rate owing to adopting flue gas and hot ash to heat simultaneously again, so oil recovery rate is high; Owing to utilized the used heat of high-temperature flue gas, so HU is high; Owing to need not use rare gas element in the reinforced process, so output caloric power of gas height and charging system are simple.
Description of drawings:
Accompanying drawing is the structural representation of the utility model.
The utility model; Comprise: fast fluidized bed burner (1), gas-solid separator (2), hot grey flow channel (5), descending bed asher (3) and semicoke foldback passage (4); Fast fluidized bed burner (1) top is connected with the import of gas-solid separator (2); The solids outlet of gas-solid separator (2) is connected through the top of hot grey flow channel (5) with descending bed asher (3); The bottom of descending bed asher (3) is connected through the bottom of semicoke foldback passage (4) with fast fluidized bed burner (1), on semicoke foldback passage (4) and hot grey flow channel (5), all is provided with the solid materials valve, it is characterized in that; The inside of described descending bed asher (3) is provided with fixed enhancing mixed device; The top of described descending bed asher (3) is provided with pyrolysis gas relief outlet, and the operating gas velocity of described fast fluidized bed burner (1) is the 1-20 meter per second, has raw material to add inlet on described three combined supply apparatus.
Fixed enhancing mixed device in the descending bed asher (3) can be made up of 2 groups or no more than 50 groups air guide; Every group of air guide comprises inducer (6) and following inducer (7) two portions; Last inducer (6) is the cone of the hollow that Open Side Down; Following inducer (7) is the cavity that the funnelform upper end-face edge of hollow is connected with the inwall of descending bed asher (3); The diameter of the lower end of last inducer (6) is less than the diameter of the upper end of following inducer (7), and the medullary ray of last inducer (6) and following inducer (7) all overlaps with the axis of descending bed asher (3).
Embodiment:
Embodiment to the utility model explains further details below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
In this example, with silica sand be the bed material; Fast fluidized bed burner (1) is a cylindrical barrel; The bottom is provided with air distribution plate, ash discharging hole and semicoke inlet, and top is provided with fluid outlet and is connected with the import of gas-solid separator (2), and the needed air that burns is sent into by the air distribution plate bottom; Operating gas velocity is 3 meter per seconds, and ash is drawn by ash discharging hole; Gas-solid separator (2) is a cyclonic separator; Semicoke foldback passage (4) and hot grey flow channel (5) are formed by pipeline and U type valve, and two U type valve aerodynamic force media are selected flue gas for use; Descending bed asher (3) is a round tube; Its diameter is greater than the caliber of the grey flow channel of heat (5); Its upper end is connected with hot grey flow channel (5), and the lower end is connected with semicoke foldback passage (4), and 6 groups of described air guides are housed therein; The wall of the descending bed asher (3) of inducer on each (6) side top is provided with a pyrolysis gas outlet, is provided with 6 pyrolysis gas outlets altogether; Feeding device is a screw feeder, is arranged at the side top of descending bed asher (3), with it raw material is joined in the descending bed asher (3) through the material inlet that is located at descending bed asher (3) top.In the present embodiment; Feed the air capacity of fast fluidized bed burner (1) and the add-on of descending bed asher (3) raw material through control; Can the temperature of burner be controlled at below 800 ℃; Thereby make the heat ash that gets into descending bed asher (3) and the temperature of flue gas be lower than 750 ℃, finally make the temperature of descending asher (3) be lower than 700 ℃, be suitable for the requirement of the quick low temperature pyrogenation of biomass etc.Be understood that, adopt the identical operations mode, it also is to realize that easily this makes this device be applicable to that also coal, rubbish or damaged tire etc. need the occasion of high temperature fast pyrogenation that the temperature of descending bed asher (3) is controlled on the higher temperature levels.
The utility model is as the rapid pyrolysis apparatus that changes into carbonaceousmaterial (like coal, biomass etc.) the liquids and gases chemical products, and is simple in structure, reduced investment; Easy handling, liquid product yield is high, and the liquid product that pyrolysis obtains can be as the substitute of petroleum products; Gas products can be used as fuel or synthetic gas uses; Help environment protection, meet the policy of recycling economy, have broad application prospects.