CN101220298B - Thermal decomposition gasification method and device of circulating fluidized bed - Google Patents
Thermal decomposition gasification method and device of circulating fluidized bed Download PDFInfo
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- CN101220298B CN101220298B CN 200710063368 CN200710063368A CN101220298B CN 101220298 B CN101220298 B CN 101220298B CN 200710063368 CN200710063368 CN 200710063368 CN 200710063368 A CN200710063368 A CN 200710063368A CN 101220298 B CN101220298 B CN 101220298B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
- Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a piece of equipment for pyrolyzing and gasifying of a circulating fluidized bed, and relates to a gasifying technique, and is used for pyrolyzing or gasifying of coal, biomass and other variety of carbonaceous refuse. The method is that: pyrolysis or gasifying reaction is conducted on fuels in a pyrolyzing and gasifying room to produce coal gas and carbocoal; high-heat circulating ash produced from combustion of the carbocoal in a combustion chamber is transferred in the pyrolyzing and gasifying room to supply heat for the pyrolyzing and gasifying reaction; through a carbocoal return feeder arranged at the bottom of the pyrolyzing and gasifying room, the carbocoal produced in the pyrolyzing and gasifying room is transferred to the lower part of the combustion chamber to be burnt off. The equipment includes the pyrolyzing and gasifying room, the carbocoal return feeder, the combustion chamber, a separator, a circulating ash return feeder, a fine ashseparator and a fine ash return feeder; the lower part of the pyrolyzing and gasifying room is a constriction segment, wherein, a wind arrangement device is arranged on the top of the constriction se gment, and the bottom of the constriction segment is communicated with the carbocoal return feeder. The invention can be used for a pyrolysis technique and also can be used for a gasification technique; the produced coal gas has stable composition and high heat value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Coal Gasification Technology field, particularly a kind of circulating fluidized bed pyrolysis gasification method and device are used for the pyrolysis or the gasification of coal, biomass and other carbonaceous refuse.
Background technology
Fluidized bed coal gasification installation commonly used has two kinds of forms: moving-bed gasification chamber and bubbling bed coal-gasification chamber.In moving-bed gasification chamber, circulating ash is difficult for mixing with coal, has restricted the raising of efficiency of carbon conversion; In addition, the semicoke in the vaporizer returns the combustion chamber and often adopts from stream mode, the residence time of the uncontrollable material of this mode in vaporizer, has influenced the transformation efficiency of carbon; And the material returning device on the regular circulation fluidized-bed combustion boiler is not suitable for the moving-bed gasification chamber yet, because the particle diameter of semicoke is much larger than the circulating ash particle diameter of regular circulation fluidized-bed combustion boiler, fluidization characteristic is also inequality.Bubbling bed vaporizer can be controlled the returning charge of material easily, but because fluidizing gas velocity is higher than moving-bed, the particle of being carried secretly by elutriation increases greatly, has increased flying dust and has contained carbon loss, has also increased the foreign matter content in the coal gas.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention provides a kind of circulating fluidized bed pyrolysis gasification method, and this method can be used for the pyrolysis or the gasification of coal, biomass and other carbonaceous refuse, produces coal gas.
The present invention also aims to provide a kind of circulating fluidized bed pyrolysis gasifying device, this device can be used for the pyrolysis or the gasification of coal, biomass and other carbonaceous refuse, produces coal gas.
Circulating fluidized bed pyrolysis gasification method technical scheme of the present invention is:
Fuel A carries out pyrolysis or gasification reaction in pyrolysis vaporizer 1, produce coal gas F and semicoke B; The semicoke B high-temp circulating ash that produces that burns in combustion chamber 3 is sent into pyrolysis vaporizer 1, for the pyrolytic gasification reaction provides heat;
The semicoke B that pyrolysis vaporizer 1 produces sends into combustion chamber 3 bottom after-flames through the semicoke material returning device 2 that is arranged at this bottom, chamber.
Above-mentioned fuel A is coal, biomass or other carbonaceous refuse.
The fluidizing agent that feeds in the above-mentioned pyrolysis vaporizer 1 is a vaporized chemical, and as the mixed gas of air or air and steam, fuel A is the generating gasification reaction in pyrolysis vaporizer 1; Combustion chamber 3 is a heat-insulating, does not establish heating surface in it.
Also can feed steam or coal gas or the mixed gas of the two in the above-mentioned pyrolysis vaporizer 1, pyrolytic reaction takes place in fuel A in pyrolysis vaporizer 1.
The semicoke B that above-mentioned pyrolysis vaporizer 1 produces discharges out of the furnace some through semicoke material returning device 2, combustion chamber 3 is a heat-insulating, does not establish heating surface in it.
Above-mentioned from flue gas E isolated circulating ash D some send combustion chamber 3 back to through circulating ash material returning device 5, be provided with heating surface in the combustion chamber 3.
Circulating fluidized bed pyrolysis gasifying device of the present invention is:
The circulating fluidized bed pyrolysis gasifying device comprises that pyrolysis vaporizer 1, semicoke material returning device 2, combustion chamber 3, separator 4, circulating ash material returning device 5, fine ash are from device 6, thin grey material returning device 7; Pyrolysis vaporizer 1 bottom communicates with semicoke material returning device 2,2 outlets of semicoke material returning device communicate with 3 bottoms, combustion chamber, 3 tops, combustion chamber communicate with separator 4, separator 4 bottoms communicate with circulating ash material returning device 5,5 outlets of circulating ash material returning device communicate with pyrolysis vaporizer 1, pyrolysis vaporizer 1 top communicates from device 6 with fine ash, and fine ash communicates with thin grey material returning device 7 from device 6 bottoms, and thin grey material returning device 7 outlets communicate with combustion chamber 3; Pyrolysis vaporizer 1 bottom is a contraction section 11, and contraction section 11 tops are provided with air-distributing device 12, feeds fluidizing agent in pyrolysis vaporizer 1; Pyrolysis vaporizer's 1 top straight section sidewall of contraction section 11 tops is provided with charging opening 14 and circulating ash returning charge mouth 13; Semicoke material returning device 2 is communicated with successively by downcomer 21, horizontal section 22, ascent stage 23 and outlet pipe 24 and forms, downcomer 21, horizontal section 22 and ascent stages 23 bottom feed the adjustable fluidizing agent of flow respectively, downcomer 21 communicates with pyrolysis vaporizer 1 bottom, and outlet pipe is communicated with 3 bottoms, combustion chamber; Fine ash is provided with gas outlet tube 61 from device 6 tops, and described separator 4 tops are provided with smoke outlet tube 41; 3 bottoms, combustion chamber are provided with air-distributing device and feed fluidizing agent, and the sidewall middle and lower part is provided with thin grey returning charge mouth 31, and lower sidewall is provided with semicoke returning charge mouth 32.
Above-mentioned pyrolysis vaporizer 1 contraction section, 11 height and semicoke material returning device downcomer 21 height sums are not less than 3: 1 with semicoke material returning device downcomer 21 diameter ratios.
Above-mentioned pyrolysis vaporizer bottom contraction section 11 is up big and down small reverse frustoconic, and cone angle is less than 60 °, bottom surface diameter and semicoke material returning device downcomer 21 equal diameters, and the upper bottom surface region is provided with the air-distributing device 12 that feeds fluidizing agent in pyrolysis vaporizer 1.
The straight section that above-mentioned pyrolysis vaporizer bottom contraction section 11 also can equate with semicoke material returning device downcomer 21 for diameter; Feed the air-distributing device 12 of fluidizing agent in the oriented pyrolysis vaporizer 1 of the outer periphery at straight section bottom surface, pyrolysis vaporizer 1 top, contraction section 11 tops.
Principle of the present invention is:
When indoor of pyrolytic gasification carried out pyrolytic reaction, institute's heat requirement was less, need not all to send all semicokes back to the combustion chamber after-flame, therefore can the discharge section semicoke, and the cooling back stores, and acting as a fuel is used for other device; Also can adopt a circulating ash material returning device that advances the scene 2 formula, send separator isolated part circulating ash from flue gas back to combustion chamber, arrange heating surface in the combustion chamber, to absorb this part heat.When pyrolytic gasification is indoor when carrying out gasification reaction, institute's heat requirement is more, and then the high-temp circulating ash that the combustion chamber is produced is all sent into pyrolysis vaporizer, and Combustion chamber design is a heat-insulating simultaneously, does not arrange heating surface, so that provide heat as much as possible for gasification reaction.
The pyrolysis vaporizer middle and lower part is provided with air-distributing device, and its top is the low speed bubbling fluidized bed, and fuel and high-temp circulating ash blending are complete, and the fine particle of carrying secretly in the coal gas of generation is less; The below of pyrolysis vaporizer's middle and lower part air-distributing device is a moving-bed, prolonged the residence time of material, produced simultaneously coal gas can also play the effect of fluidizing agent in the less contraction section of sectional area, reduced the feeding amount of fluidizing agent, helps improving caloric power of gas.
The indoor semicoke of pyrolytic gasification is discharged by the semicoke material returning device from its bottom, semicoke material returning device downcomer and pyrolysis vaporizer's contraction section height sum, be not less than 3: 1 with semicoke material returning device downcomer diameter ratio, to guarantee to have the moving-bed stock column of enough height, make the semicoke material returning device have good material flow rate control characteristic, can control semicoke and circulating ash flow rate, thereby control material, and then realize adjusting pyrolytic gasification chambers temp and gas yield in the indoor residence time of pyrolytic gasification.
The semicoke that produces in the pyrolysis vaporizer is sent into the combustion chamber after-flame, can effectively improve coal utilizaton rate; The coal gas that pyrolysis vaporizer produces is flowed through fine ash when device is isolated thin ash, and contained tar is cracking at high temperature also, has reduced the tar content in the coal gas.
Characteristics of the present invention are:
1. can be used for pyrolytic process, also can be used for gasifying process;
2. pyrolysis vaporizer moves with low speed bubbling bed and moving-bed bonded, fuel and circulating ash even blend, and long in the indoor residence time of pyrolytic gasification, gasification reaction is complete, and the coal gas of generation is output after cyclonic separator purifies, stable components, caloric power of gas height;
3. can be used for pyrolysis or gasification of coal, biomass and other multiple carbonaceous refuse and alternative fuel, as rubber, plastics and the sludge-drying etc. of biomass, fragmentation;
4. the semicoke of the indoor generation of pyrolytic gasification is sent into the combustion chamber after-flame, can effectively improve fuel availability.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are the synoptic diagram of the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of the embodiment of the invention 2.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples:
As shown in Figure 1, biomass are carried out pyrolytic reaction in pyrolysis vaporizer 1, produce pyrolysis coal gas and semicoke; The semicoke high-temp circulating ash that produces that burns in combustion chamber 3 is partly sent into pyrolysis vaporizer 1, for pyrolytic reaction provides heat; Another part is discharged from circulating ash material returning device 5.
Circulating fluidized bed pyrolysis gasifying device of the present invention comprises that pyrolysis vaporizer 1, semicoke material returning device 2, combustion chamber 3, separator 4, circulating ash material returning device 5, fine ash are from device 6, thin grey material returning device 7.
Semicoke material returning device 2 is communicated with successively by downcomer 21, horizontal section 22, ascent stage 23 and outlet pipe 24 and forms, and downcomer 21, horizontal section 22 and ascent stages 23 bottom feed the adjustable fluidizing agent of flow respectively; Pyrolysis vaporizer's 1 contraction section 11 height and semicoke material returning device downcomer 21 height sums, with semicoke material returning device downcomer 21 diameter ratios be 5: 1; Downcomer 21 communicates with pyrolysis vaporizer 1 bottom, and outlet pipe 24 is communicated with 3 bottoms, combustion chamber.
Fine ash is provided with gas outlet tube 61 from device 6 tops, and separator 4 tops are provided with smoke outlet tube 41; 3 bottoms, combustion chamber are provided with air-distributing device and feed fluidizing agent, and the sidewall middle and lower part is provided with thin grey returning charge mouth 31, and lower sidewall is provided with semicoke returning charge mouth 32.
Semicoke material returning device 2 is provided with semicoke relief outlet 25, the part semicoke can be discharged out of the furnace; Combustion chamber 3 is a heat-insulating, does not establish heating surface in it,
This method and apparatus can be used for the pyrolysis of coal and other carbonaceous refuse equally.
Similarly, as shown in Figure 2, circulating ash material returning device 5 also can be the one-in-and-two-out formula, and two outlets that communicate with combustion chamber 3 and pyrolysis vaporizer 1 are respectively arranged, and sends a circulating ash part back to combustion chamber 3, and another part is sent into pyrolysis vaporizer 1; Be provided with heating surface in the combustion chamber 3.
In addition, this device also can link to each other with a waste heat boiler, and high-temperature flue gas flows into waste heat boiler from separator smoke outlet tube 41, can produce hot water or steam.
As shown in Figure 3, coal carries out gasification reaction in pyrolysis vaporizer 1, produces coal gas and semicoke; The semicoke high-temp circulating ash that produces that burns in combustion chamber 3 is sent into pyrolysis vaporizer 1, for gasification reaction provides heat;
The mixed gas of pyrolysis vaporizer's 1 middle and lower part bubbling air and steam, air-distributing device 12 belows are moving-bed, the top is a bubbling fluidized bed, coal is the generating gasification reaction in pyrolysis vaporizer 1, the coal gas that produces flows into fine ash from device 6 from pyrolysis vaporizer 1 top, and isolated thin ash is sent into combustion chamber 3 middle and lower part after-flames through thin grey material returning device 7 from coal gas; The semicoke that produces is sent into combustion chamber 3 bottom after-flames through the semicoke material returning device 2 that is arranged at this bottom, chamber.
Circulating fluidized bed pyrolysis gasifying device of the present invention comprises that pyrolysis vaporizer 1, semicoke material returning device 2, combustion chamber 3, separator 4, circulating ash material returning device 5, fine ash are from device 6, thin grey material returning device 7.
Semicoke material returning device 2 is communicated with successively by downcomer 21, horizontal section 22, ascent stage 23 and outlet pipe 24 and forms, and downcomer 21, horizontal section 22 and ascent stages 23 bottom feed the adjustable fluidizing agent of flow respectively; Pyrolysis vaporizer's 1 contraction section 11 height and semicoke material returning device downcomer 21 height sums, with semicoke material returning device downcomer 21 diameter ratios be 3: 1; Downcomer 21 communicates with pyrolysis vaporizer 1 bottom, and outlet pipe is communicated with 3 bottoms, combustion chamber.
Fine ash is provided with gas outlet tube 61 from device 6 tops, and separator 4 tops are provided with smoke outlet tube 41; Combustion chamber 3 is a heat-insulating, does not establish heating surface in it, and the bottom is provided with air-distributing device and feeds fluidizing agent, and the sidewall middle and lower part is provided with thin grey returning charge mouth 31, and lower sidewall is provided with semicoke returning charge mouth 32.
This method and apparatus can be used for the gasification of biomass and other carbonaceous refuse equally.
Claims (12)
1. circulating fluidized bed pyrolysis gasification method, fuel (A) carries out pyrolysis or gasification reaction in pyrolysis vaporizer (1), produce coal gas (F) and semicoke (B); Semicoke (B) high-temp circulating ash (D) that produces that burns in combustion chamber (3) is sent into pyrolysis vaporizer (1), for pyrolysis or gasification reaction provide heat, it is characterized in that,
A) combustion chamber (3) are circulating fluid bed type, and the bottom feeds fluidizing agent (C), and (3) top flows into separator (4) to flue gas (E) from the combustion chamber, and isolated circulating ash (D) is sent into pyrolysis vaporizer (1) through circulating ash material returning device (5) from flue gas (E);
B) pyrolysis vaporizer (1) middle and lower part feeds fluidizing agent, air-distributing device (12) below is a moving-bed, the top is a bubbling fluidized bed, coal gas (F) flows into fine ash from device (6) from pyrolysis vaporizer (1) top, and isolated thin ash (G) is sent into middle and lower part, combustion chamber (3) after-flame through thin grey material returning device (7) from coal gas (F);
C) semicoke (B) of pyrolysis vaporizer (1) generation is sent into bottom, combustion chamber (3) after-flame through the semicoke material returning device (2) that is arranged at this bottom, chamber.
2. by the described circulating fluidized bed pyrolysis gasification method of claim 1, it is characterized in that described fuel (A) is coal, biomass or other carbonaceous refuse.
3. by claim 1 or 2 described circulating fluidized bed pyrolysis gasification methods, it is characterized in that the fluidizing agent that feeds in the described pyrolysis vaporizer (1) is a vaporized chemical, fuel (A) is the generating gasification reaction in pyrolysis vaporizer (1); Combustion chamber (3) is a heat-insulating, does not establish heating surface in it.
4. by the described circulating fluidized bed pyrolysis gasification method of claim 3, it is characterized in that described vaporized chemical is an air, or the mixed gas of air and steam.
5. by claim 1 or 2 described circulating fluidized bed pyrolysis gasification methods, it is characterized in that feed steam or coal gas or the mixed gas of the two in the described pyrolysis vaporizer (1), pyrolytic reaction takes place fuel (A) in pyrolysis vaporizer (1).
6. by the described circulating fluidized bed pyrolysis gasification method of claim 5, it is characterized in that some discharges out of the furnace the semicoke (B) that described pyrolysis vaporizer (1) produces through semicoke material returning device (2), combustion chamber (3) are heat-insulating, do not establish heating surface in it.
7. by the described circulating fluidized bed pyrolysis gasification method of claim 5, it is characterized in that, described from flue gas isolated circulating ash (D) some send combustion chamber (3) back to through circulating ash material returning device (5), the combustion chamber is provided with heating surface in (3).
8. circulating fluidized bed pyrolysis gasifying device is characterized in that:
A) comprise that pyrolysis vaporizer (1), semicoke material returning device (2), combustion chamber (3), separator (4), circulating ash material returning device (5), fine ash are from device (6), thin grey material returning device (7); Pyrolysis vaporizer (1) bottom communicates with semicoke material returning device (2), semicoke material returning device (2) outlet communicates with bottom, combustion chamber (3), top, combustion chamber (3) communicates with separator (4), separator (4) bottom communicates with circulating ash material returning device (5), circulating ash material returning device (5) outlet communicates with pyrolysis vaporizer (1), pyrolysis vaporizer (1) top communicates from device (6) with fine ash, fine ash communicates with thin grey material returning device (7) from device (6) bottom, and thin grey material returning device (7) outlet communicates with combustion chamber (3);
B) described pyrolysis vaporizer (1) bottom is contraction section (11), and contraction section (11) top is provided with air-distributing device (12), feeds fluidizing agent in pyrolysis vaporizer (1); Pyrolysis vaporizer (1) the top straight section sidewall of contraction section (11) top is provided with charging opening (14) and circulating ash returning charge mouth (13);
C) described semicoke material returning device (2) is communicated with successively by downcomer (21), horizontal section (22), ascent stage (23) and outlet pipe and forms, downcomer (21), horizontal section (22) and ascent stage (23) bottom feed the adjustable fluidizing agent of flow respectively, downcomer (21) communicates bottom pyrolysis vaporizer (1), and outlet pipe is communicated with bottom, combustion chamber (3);
D) described fine ash is provided with gas outlet tube (61) from device (6) top, and described separator (4) top is provided with smoke outlet tube (41);
E) described combustion chamber (3) bottom is provided with air-distributing device and feeds fluidizing agent, and the sidewall middle and lower part is provided with thin grey returning charge mouth (31), and lower sidewall is provided with semicoke returning charge mouth (32).
F) described pyrolysis vaporizer (1) contraction section (11) height and semicoke material returning device downcomer (21) height sum are not less than 3: 1 with semicoke material returning device downcomer (21) diameter ratio.
9. by the described circulating fluidized bed pyrolysis gasifying device of claim 8, it is characterized in that, described pyrolysis vaporizer bottom contraction section (11) is up big and down small reverse frustoconic, cone angle is less than 60 °, bottom surface diameter and semicoke material returning device downcomer (21) equal diameters, upper bottom surface region are provided with the air-distributing device (12) that feeds fluidizing agent in pyrolysis vaporizer (1).
10. by the described circulating fluidized bed pyrolysis gasifying device of claim 8, it is characterized in that described pyrolysis vaporizer bottom contraction section (11) is the straight section that diameter equates with semicoke material returning device downcomer (21); Feed the air-distributing device (12) of fluidizing agent in the oriented pyrolysis vaporizer of outer periphery (1) at pyrolysis vaporizer (1) top straight section bottom, contraction section (11) top.
11., it is characterized in that described semicoke material returning device (2) is provided with the semicoke relief outlet by the described circulating fluidized bed pyrolysis gasifying device of claim 8.
12. by the described circulating fluidized bed pyrolysis gasifying device of claim 8, it is characterized in that described circulating ash material returning device (5) is the one-in-and-two-out formula, two outlets that communicate with combustion chamber (3) and pyrolysis vaporizer (1) respectively arranged.
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| CN102212399B (en) * | 2010-04-07 | 2014-01-29 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Thermal pyrolysis combination method and device |
| CN102199450A (en) * | 2011-04-20 | 2011-09-28 | 唐山雷浩能源技术装备有限公司 | Gasification combustion coupling method and system for dual fluidized bed solid fuel |
| CN102504842A (en) * | 2011-11-09 | 2012-06-20 | 浙江大学 | Three-fluidized-bed solid heat carrier coal pyrolysis, gasification and combustion cascade utilization method |
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| CN103450946B (en) * | 2013-09-02 | 2015-10-21 | 张荣光 | A kind of fluidized-bed gasification reaction method and device having independent combustion chamber |
| CN103756732B (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2015-09-23 | 上海锅炉厂有限公司 | Double-fluidized-bed low-carbon combustion and the electric multi-joint-production apparatus of heat of gasification and method |
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| CN105087025A (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2015-11-25 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Moving bed coal pyrolysis based polygeneration device and method |
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| CN110511787A (en) * | 2019-09-21 | 2019-11-29 | 贵州丝域环能科技有限公司 | A kind of novel double-fluidized-bed device of organic solid castoff hydrogen manufacturing |
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Effective date of registration: 20180503 Address after: 238000, two floor, Shen Gong machinery factory, Chaohu, Hefei, Anhui. Patentee after: Hefei Coal Gasification Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 100080 North Fourth Ring Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 11 Patentee before: Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences |