CN202171748U

CN202171748U - Intelligent type solar tracking system

Info

Publication number: CN202171748U
Application number: CN2011202825034U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 马立新; 郑益文; 肖川
Original assignee: University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
Current assignee: University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
Priority date: 2011-08-05
Filing date: 2011-08-05
Publication date: 2012-03-21
Anticipated expiration: 2021-08-05

Abstract

The utility model relates to an intelligent type solar tracking system. The light angles of the sun are acquired by using photoelectric resistors in four directions, a signal is inputted to an intelligent controller for calculating and analyzing, and two control signals are outputted to stepping motors which control a double-shaft transmission mechanism to drive a solar cell panel to rotate so as to track the sun, achieving best energy acquisition. The system has the advantages of double-shaft tracking, intelligent control and high tracking precision, solves the problem of control difficulty brought by system non-linearity, enables the cell panel to carry out hemisphere-like stereo rotation, precisely tracks the position of the sun in the sky, and greatly improves the solar energy utilization rate.

Description

The intelligent solar tracker

Technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of solar facilities, particularly a kind of intelligent solar tracker.

Background technology

Because the intermittence of sunshine, and the uncertainty of intensity of sunshine and direction cause the overall optical photovoltaic generating system to be non-linear, if solar panel can be vertical with sunray all the time, it accepts intensity of sunshine the best.Yet present solar tracking system mainly adopts dull and stereotyped fixed framework, and its solar panel is fixed towards the sky aerial a certain direction, is not partial to along with moving of the sun, and it is lower to accept intensity of sunshine, and solar energy utilization ratio is low; Also have through vapor pressure and realize, but systematic comparison is heavy, use not aspect; " sunflower " formula that also has gps satellite to locate is followed the tracks of, but involves great expense, and is unfavorable for promoting.Tracking control unit generally adopts control methods such as PI, PID, and control algolithm is simple, the tracking Control weak effect, and generating efficiency is lower.

Summary of the invention

The utility model is the problem of following the tracks of sun weak effect to existing solar facilities, has proposed a kind of intelligent solar tracker, system's double-axis tracking, Based Intelligent Control, tracking accuracy height.

The technical scheme of the utility model is: a kind of intelligent solar tracker; Comprise intelligent controller, solar panel, two-axle gear, photoelectric sensing apparatus, A/D converter, two stepper motors and drive and form; The photoelectric sensing apparatus comprises photoelectric sensor and fixed support; Photoelectric sensor is made up of four photoresistance, and four photoresistance are fixed on the support bracket fastened horizontal base by four direction respectively, and photoresistance becomes miter angle towards the light source place with pedestal; There is the vertical baffle of two vertical and pedestals on each photoresistance both sides; Isolate with the light beyond the direction that photoresistance is faced, the parallel connection of pedestal with solar panel, photo-sensor signal will is sent acquired signal into the FPGA intelligent controller through A/D converter; Export two path control signal to two stepper motor after the computing of FPGA intelligent controller respectively, two step motor drive two-axle gears drive solar panel and rotate.

The beneficial effect of the utility model is: the utility model intelligent solar tracker; The non-linear problems of bringing such as control difficulty of system have been solved; Can let cell panel in the space, do near hemispherical three-dimensional the rotation; Follow the tracks of sun position on high exactly, greatly improved solar energy utilization ratio.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the utility model intelligent solar tracker circuit block diagram;

Fig. 2 is the utility model intelligent solar tracker photoelectric sensor installation drawing;

Fig. 3 is the utility model intelligent solar tracker twin shaft transmission structures synoptic diagram.

Embodiment

Circuit system block diagram as shown in Figure 1; The intelligent solar tracker comprises that FPGA intelligent controller 8, solar panel 1, two-axle gear 2, photoelectric sensing apparatus 7, four road A/D converters 9, two

stepper motors

3,5 and corresponding driver 4,6 thereof form.

By day or under intensity of illumination one stable condition; Photoelectric sensor 7 is converted into d. c. voltage signal to the angle signal of sunshine and solar panel; Convert digital signal into through A/D converter 9 again and give FPGA intelligent controller 8; FPGA intelligent controller 8 is analyzed the back and is produced two pulse signals and give driver A4 and B6 respectively, and driver A4 and B6 drive stepping motor A3 and B5 respectively do corresponding actions.Stepper motor A3 and B5 make them vertical each other, thereby accomplish the intelligent-tracking of sunshine through the angle of two-axle gear 2 adjustment solar panels 1 with sunshine.

System adopts intermittent work, followed the tracks of once in per 5 minutes, stepper motor work once, to save power consumption.

Under the situation of night or the not enough generating of intensity of illumination, system can return to original state along former road automatically, and waits for next time and following the tracks of.

Photoelectric sensor installation drawing as shown in Figure 2, the photoelectric sensing apparatus comprises photoelectric sensor 7 and fixed support, used photoelectric sensor is made up of four photoresistance; Be responsible for the intensity of illumination of detecting four corners of the world four direction; In all directions a photoresistance is arranged all, and with miter angle towards the light source place, four photoresistance are fixed on the support bracket fastened pedestal 10 by direction; Pedestal 10 and solar panel 1 parallel connection; There is the vertical baffle 11 of two vertical and pedestals on each photoresistance both sides, so that the light beyond this direction is isolated, searches for the wide-angle formula that reaches quick differentiation position of sun.

Four photoresistance are divided into two groups by the orientation, are respectively East and West direction and north-south, and every group has two photoresistance.East and West direction two photoresistance are in order to compare the difference that East and West direction receives light intensity; When the intensity of light source that receives when transmeridional two photoresistance is inconsistent; System can be according to two unequal voltage signals of East and West direction two photoresistance output, judge through the FPGA intelligent controller to receive direction a little less than the light intensity, and the output pulse signal drive stepping motor are done corresponding actions; The adjustment angle of solar cell panel makes the sun vertical with solar panel on East and West direction; When East and West direction two photoresistance output valves equated, then the sun was vertical with solar panel on East and West direction.North-south two photoresistance are in order to compare the difference that the north-south receives light intensity, the same East and West direction of its principle of work.

The used two-axle gear of the utility model is driven by two stepper motors.Two-axle gear is as shown in Figure 3.This mechanism can drive cell panel and do near the three-dimensional rotation of hemisphere face, makes photoelectric transformation efficiency high, and production capacity is many, and mechanism controls is simple.

The used FPGA intelligent controller 8 of the utility model is based on that fuzzy control theory and Altera Cyclone II 2C70 FPGA Programmable Logic Controller realize; In Altera Cyclone II 2C70 FPGA development board; Be loaded into control program in the NiosII microprocessor as the control core through Hardware Description Language VHDL; Control program is realized through C language and FUZZY ALGORITHMS FOR CONTROL; Arrange in pairs or groups sensor, code translator etc. form complete control loop again, and such arrangement can be so that controller performance reaches best.Controller adopts FUZZY ALGORITHMS FOR CONTROL to improve control accuracy, the angular deviation value of the accurate treatment of battery plate and the sun, and export corresponding pulse signal with accurate drive stepping motor work.

Claims

1. intelligent solar tracker; It is characterized in that; Comprise intelligent controller, solar panel, two-axle gear, photoelectric sensing apparatus, A/D converter, two stepper motors and drive and form that the photoelectric sensing apparatus comprises photoelectric sensor and fixed support, photoelectric sensor is made up of four photoresistance; Four photoresistance are fixed on the support bracket fastened horizontal base by four direction respectively; Photoresistance becomes miter angle towards the light source place with pedestal, there is the vertical baffle of two vertical and pedestals on each photoresistance both sides, with the isolation of the light beyond the direction that photoresistance is faced; The parallel connection of pedestal with solar panel; Photo-sensor signal will is sent acquired signal into the FPGA intelligent controller through A/D converter, exports two path control signal to two stepper motor after the computing of FPGA intelligent controller respectively, and two step motor drive two-axle gears drive solar panel and rotate.