CN202089857U - Backflow-type closed seawater desalting system - Google Patents

Backflow-type closed seawater desalting system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN202089857U
CN202089857U CN2011200732980U CN201120073298U CN202089857U CN 202089857 U CN202089857 U CN 202089857U CN 2011200732980 U CN2011200732980 U CN 2011200732980U CN 201120073298 U CN201120073298 U CN 201120073298U CN 202089857 U CN202089857 U CN 202089857U
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seawater
pipe
pipeline
heat
heat exchanger
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CN2011200732980U
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刘晓华
张涛
江亿
魏庆芃
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Tsinghua University
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Tsinghua University
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Abstract

The utility model relates to a backflow-type closed seawater desalting system, and is characterized in that the backflow-type closed seawater desalting system comprises a multilevel heat exchanger of which the heat exchange pipes are in cascade connection, wherein the inlet of the first level of heat exchange pipe is connected with a seawater inlet pipe through a seawater pump; the last level of heat exchange pipe is connected with a seawater heating device; the seawater heating device is connected with a plurality of spray heads which are arranged at the inner top of a spraying tower; multiple sections of fillings are arranged inside the spray tower to form a communicated multilevel spray tower; an evaporating space above each section of the filling is connected with the top of the barrel body of a corresponding heat exchanger through the other end of a steam pipe; the bottom of the barrel body of every level of heat exchanger is connected in parallel with a freshwater collecting pipe through a pipeline and is inserted with a gas ventilating pipe; the gas ventilating pipe at the bottom of a next level of heat exchanger is communicated with the top of a previous level of heat exchanger; the gas ventilating pipe at the bottom of the first level of heat exchanger is connected with the lower part of the last level of spray tower through a gas returning pipe; and the bottom of the last level of spray tower is connected with a sprayed seawater draining pipe. By the backflow-type closed seawater desalting system, the water yield and the water production efficiency for seawater desalting are effectively improved.

Description

A kind of adverse current enclosed seawater desalination system
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of seawater desalination system, particularly about a kind of adverse current enclosed seawater desalination system.
Background technology
The main method of sea water desaltination at present comprises thermal separation method, embrane method and chemical process etc., and wherein thermal separation method is had relatively high expectations to temperature; Embrane method is to make water molecules obtain fresh water by semi-permeable membranes by pressurization, and this method is had relatively high expectations to pressure; Chemical process then is to utilize ion-exchange or form modes such as hydrate to isolate fresh water in the seawater, but power consumption is higher.Equally, utilizing the condensation process of the caloic exchange process of air and seawater and wet air to separate out fresh water also is a kind of method that desalinizes seawater.In the method, on the one hand, air and water (or salts solution) are when directly contacting, because the temperature difference can cause the transmission of heat, because the difference of steam partial pressure can cause the transmission of moisture, all reach balance until temperature and water vapour.On the other hand, when continuing by cooling after air cooling-down reaches capacity state, airborne water vapour will undergo phase transition, and steam coagulation becomes liquid water and separates out.Owing to there is the transmitting characteristic of above-mentioned two aspects between air and the water (or salts solution), just can utilize air to realize " carrying " of moisture---utilize air to take away moisture, utilize the steam coagulation in the wet air to obtain moisture again with direct contact of water (or salts solution).Because seawater can be regarded as the salts solution with low concentration, direct contact and the moisture in the seawater " carrying " is come out in the condensation of wet air that also just can utilize air and seawater promptly can be realized the desalination of seawater.
The device that utilizes air " carrying " moisture to carry out sea water desaltination has occurred, such as: the patent No. is that the Chinese patent of ZL94216279.X discloses a kind of low temperature seawater desalting equipment, it is to utilize heated air and contact with sea water to make water in air divide content to increase, and again the air setting behind the humidification is obtained fresh water.This device is to air heating rather than to the seawater heating, and the caloic exchange process that air and seawater are directly contacted is restricted, and can not reach optimum caloic exchange effect.The patent No. is that the Chinese patent of ZL200610111779.X discloses a kind of temperature-differential sea-water distillator, and it is the device that the different designs according to saturated steam partial pressure in the air under the differing temps goes out to utilize air to obtain moisture and separate out pure water at low temperatures under hot environment from seawater.The limitation of this device is that the spray chamber contact area that air and seawater directly contact is limited, and the caloic exchange process of air and seawater can't fully carry out.The patent No. is that the Chinese patent of ZL200310107193.2 discloses a kind of spray exchange type seawater desalination machine, it is to utilize heat pump condenser to add hot sea water, air increases by contact the back moisture content with high temperature seawater, and wet air is separated out fresh water with the evaporator with heat pump side contacts again.The limitation of this device is that air is open cycle, and the low temperature saturated air of separating out behind the moisture is not utilized.The patent No. is that the Chinese patent of ZL200620078403.9 discloses a kind of enclosed sun power or low-temperature heat source sea water desalinating plant (as shown in Figure 4), seawater after air heats with process carries out the caloic exchange in spray equipment, separated out fresh water by the air admission condensing works behind the humidification, air is a closed cycle.Contact form in this device in air and the high temperature seawater spray process is the distributary flow pattern, has limited the effect of air and seawater caloic exchange.
Summary of the invention
At the problems referred to above, the purpose of this utility model provides a kind of fresh water organic efficiency height, can realize the adverse current enclosed seawater desalination system of the coupling of exchange of air and seawater caloic and heat transfer process largely.
For achieving the above object, the utility model is taked following technical scheme: a kind of adverse current enclosed seawater desalination system, it is characterized in that: it comprises the placed in-line step by step multi-stage heat exchanger of heat transfer tube, the import of the described heat exchanger heat-exchanging tube of the first step connects the seawater water inlet pipe by a sea-water pump, and the described heat exchanger heat-exchanging tube of last step connects a seawater heating unit; Described seawater heating unit connects some spray headers that a spray column inner top is provided with by pipeline, be provided with the multistage filler in the described spray column and form the multi-stage spray tower that is communicated with, the evaporating space of the described filler of each section top connects a vapour pipe respectively, and the other end of each described vapour pipe connects the cylindrical shell top of a corresponding described interchanger respectively; The cylindrical shell of the described interchanger of each grade bottom is respectively by the pipeline fresh water collection tube that is connected in parallel, the cylindrical shell bottom of the described interchanger of each grade also wears a ventpipe respectively, the inlet end of the described ventpipe of each grade all is higher than this grade cylindrical shell bottom, and the described ventpipe of the described interchanger of back one-level bottom is communicated with the cylindrical shell top of the described interchanger of upper level respectively, the ventpipe of first step interchanger bottom connects last step spray column bottom by a muffler, and the bottom of described last step spray column connects a sprayed sea water vent pipe.
Between described sprayed sea water vent pipe and seawater water inlet pipe, a variable valve is set.
Described seawater heating unit is a solar energy heat collector.
Described seawater heating unit is a heat pump circulating system.
The condenser of described heat pump circulating system is arranged on the pipeline between described heat exchanger heat-exchanging tube water outlet of described last step and the first step spray column water-in, the vaporizer of described heat pump circulating system, be arranged on by a throttling valve on the vent pipe of described sprayed sea water, described vaporizer to the pipeline between the condenser is provided with a compressor, and described condenser to the pipeline between the vaporizer is provided with an expansion valve.
The condenser of described heat pump circulating system is arranged on the pipeline between described heat exchanger heat-exchanging tube water outlet of described last step and the first step spray column water-in, the vaporizer of described heat pump circulating system is arranged on the described muffler, and described base of evaporator connects described fresh water collection tube by a pipeline; Described vaporizer to the pipeline between the condenser is provided with a compressor, and described condenser to the pipeline between the vaporizer is provided with an expansion valve.
A kind of adverse current enclosed method for desalting seawater that adopts said apparatus, it is characterized in that: multistage seawater and air are set directly contact the interchanger that the spray column that carries out the caloic exchange and multistage seawater and air directly do not contact, high temperature seawater and Cryogenic air adverse current in spray column is carried out heat and mass transfer, air is through caloic exchange temperature, after water capacity all raises, enter again in the interchanger and carry out countercurrent flow with seawater, the part steam coagulation is separated out in the air, obtain fresh water, air after the heat exchange reenters spray column, finish the closed cycle process of air, behind the seawater outflow heat exchanger, entered the spray column spray after the heating unit heating again.
From the effusive seawater part of described spray column inflow heat exchanger again, continue to participate in the circulation desalination process of seawater.
Utilize sun power as the seawater heating unit.
Utilize the condenser of heat pump circulating system to add hot sea water, the evaporator cools of utilizing heat pump circulating system is from the effusive seawater of spray column, or from the effusive low temperature saturated air of interchanger.
The utility model is owing to take above technical scheme, it has the following advantages: 1, because the utility model air and seawater all adopt reflux type to carry out caloic exchange and heat exchange in spray column and interchanger, air adopts the closed cycle process in system simultaneously, therefore can realize more excellent heat, mass transfer effect.2, because the utility model is provided with multi-stage spray tower and interchanger dexterously in working cycle, realize thermal capacity coupling between wet air and the seawater as far as possible by changing air flow quantity in interchanger not at the same level or the spray column, such as: when the wet air temperature in certain grade of spray column or the interchanger is higher, its equivalent specific heat capacity is bigger, and the flow of air can be corresponding less; When the wet air temperature in certain grade of spray column or the interchanger was low, its equivalent specific heat capacity was less, and the flow of air can be corresponding bigger.3, because of the present utility model this multistage and change the air-seawater spraying tower of air flow quantity and the setting of interchanger step by step, can realize the thermal capacity coupling of air and seawater caloic exchange process and heat transfer process as far as possible, therefore the utility model has reached more excellent heat and mass effect, has improved the water production rate of sea water desaltination effectively and has produced water efficient.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model embodiment 1
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the utility model embodiment 2
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the utility model embodiment 3
Fig. 4 is the prior art structural representation
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the utility model is described in detail.
Principle of design of the present utility model is embodied in: at first be provided with multistage independently air-seawater spraying tower (hereinafter to be referred as spray column) and multi-staged air-seawater heat exchanger (hereinafter to be referred as interchanger), utilize seawater and air adverse current caloic exchange process in spray column and the countercurrent flow process in interchanger to prepare fresh water.Next consider if seawater from spray column when ejection inlet temperature higher (as 80 ℃), temperature lower (as 20 ℃) during to heat exchanger entrance, promptly water temperature changes greatly, the range of temperature of air is also bigger so; And when air temperature variations was big, it is little that the specific heat capacity of seawater changes, and the equivalent specific heat capacity of damp-heat air can have greatly changed, and the equivalent specific heat capacity of damp-heat air was bigger when temperature was high, and the equivalent specific heat capacity of damp-heat air was less when temperature was low; The utility model utilizes in the working cycle seawater flow in the spray column and interchanger constant substantially, and in the spray column not at the same level principle different with air flow quantity in the interchanger, realize air and seawater thermal capacity coupling as much as possible at caloic exchange process and heat transfer process, exchange or the heat exchange effect to obtain better air and seawater caloic, and then improve the efficient of sea water desaltination.Be that example is illustrated only below, and in the multistage seawater desalination system of reality, the progression of interchanger and spray column can change to some extent with the system that is provided with three grades of interchanger and three grades of spray columns.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 1, present embodiment comprises first step interchanger 1, second stage interchanger 2 and third stage interchanger 3, and first step spray column 4, second stage spray column 5 and third stage spray column 6.The heat transfer tube series connection of three grades of interchanger 1,2,3, the heat transfer tube inlet of first step interchanger 1 connects a seawater water inlet pipe 7, and seawater water inlet pipe 7 is provided with a sea-water pump 8; The heat transfer tube outlet of third stage interchanger 3 connects a solar energy heat collector 9 by pipeline, some spray headers 10 that the outlet of solar energy heat collector 9 is provided with by pipeline connection first step spray column 4 inner tops.Three grades of spray columns 4,5,6 are communicated with, and are provided with 11, three sections filler 11 tops of one section filler in each grade spray column and leave evaporating space respectively, and each evaporating space connects a vapour pipe 12.The other end of three vapour pipes 12 of three grades of spray columns 4,5,6 connects the cylindrical shell top with the interchanger 3,2,1 of its respective row column position respectively.By the pipeline fresh water collection tube 13 that is connected in parallel, fresh water collection tube 13 connects fresh water collection container (not shown)s respectively in the cylindrical shell of three grades of interchanger 1,2,3 bottom.The cylindrical shell bottom of three grades of interchanger 1,2,3 is equipped with a ventpipe respectively, and the inlet end of each ventpipe protrudes from this grade cylindrical shell bottom certain altitude respectively, so that only there is gas to enter, desalination water can not enter.Three, the ventpipe of second stage interchanger 3,2 bottoms is communicated with the cylindrical shell top of next stage interchanger 2,1 respectively, the ventpipe of first step interchanger 1 bottom connects third stage spray column 6 bottoms by a muffler 14, and the bottom of third stage spray column 6 connects a sprayed sea water vent pipe 15.
In the foregoing description, because entering seawater in the utility model system need carry out some and handle in earlier stage, the cost of handling in order to save early stage, the seawater that a part can be flowed out sprayed sea water vent pipe 15 sends back to the working cycle that continues to participate in the desalination extraction in the seawater water inlet pipe 7 again by a variable valve 16, and the seawater amount that specifically enters systemic circulation can be regulated as required.In addition, filler of the present utility model is selected common regular type filler for use, and filler can effectively be increased the heat and mass area of low temperature saturated air and high temperature seawater by wetting from the high temperature seawater of spray header 10 ejections.
During present embodiment work, enter the low temperature seawater of seawater water inlet pipe 7 by sea-water pump 8, the heat transfer tube of the three grades of interchanger 1,2,3 through being connected in series upwards flows into solar energy heat collector 9, carries out countercurrent flow with the damp-heat air that enters downward motion in interchanger 1,2,3 cylindrical shells at different levels simultaneously; The seawater that enters solar energy heat collector 9 is heated as high temperature seawater, each spray header 10 that is provided with by first step spray column 4 inner tops sprays, successively through three grades of spray columns 4,5,6, flow out from the spray sea vent pipe 15 of third stage spray column 6 bottoms, high temperature seawater carries out the exchange of countercurrent heat-transfer mass transfer with the mobile low temperature saturated air that makes progress from three grades of spray columns, 6,5,4 bottoms simultaneously; Heat steam enters by each vapour pipe 12 in the cylindrical shell of corresponding interchanger 3,2,1, and condenses into fresh water behind the seawater to make heat exchange in the heat transfer tube, enters fresh water collection tube 13 backs by loop and flows in the fresh water collection containers.Three, the steam that does not condense into water in the secondary heat exchanger 3,2 then enters next collecting exchanger 2,1 successively by ventpipe, get back to the third stage spray column 6 from the bottom inflow muffler 14 of first step interchanger 1 at last, continue in system, to carry out closed circulation.Part from sprayed sea water vent pipe 15 effusive sprayed sea water can be got back to seawater water inlet pipe 7 by variable valve 16 and be continued to circulate in system.
Embodiment 2:
As shown in Figure 2, present embodiment is identical with the basic setup of embodiment 1, and its difference is: seawater heating unit difference, it is provided with the conventional heat pump circulating system 20 of a cover to replace solar heating system 9.This heat pump circulating system 20 comprises: be arranged on third stage interchanger 3 heat transfer tube water outlets, and first step spray column 4 water-ins between a condenser 21 on the pipeline, be arranged on the vaporizer 22 on the sprayed sea water vent pipe 15, vaporizer 21 is provided with a compressor 22 to the pipeline between the condenser 23, and condenser 21 to the pipeline between the vaporizer 22 is provided with an expansion valve 24.
During present embodiment work, two countercurrent flow processes are identical with embodiment 1, its difference is: from the effusive seawater of third stage interchanger 3 heat transfer tube water outlets is to enter condenser 21, heat by the refrigeration working medium heat release in the condenser 21, enter the spray header 10 of first step spray thrower 4 then; Simultaneously, directly discharge via pipeline by a throttling valve (not shown) part from third stage spray thrower 6 effusive spray waters, another part seawater then flows through vaporizer 22, after cooling off by the heat absorption of the refrigeration working mediums in the vaporizer 22, enter seawater water inlet pipe 7 again by sprayed sea water vent pipe 15, variable valve 16 and participate in systemic circulation.
Embodiment 3:
As shown in Figure 3, present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 2, also be provided with the conventional heat pump circulating system 20 of a cover, its difference from Example 2 is: vaporizer 22 is not arranged on the sprayed sea water vent pipe 15, and be arranged on the muffler 14 between first step interchanger 1 bottom and third stage spray column 6 bottoms, and be connected in parallel to fresh water collection tube 13 by pipeline in vaporizer 22 bottoms.
In present embodiment when work,, what only be that vaporizer 22 absorbs with embodiment 2 different is heat the low temperature damp-heat air in first step interchanger 1 enters third stage spray column 6.
By above-mentioned three embodiment as can be seen: embodiment 1 utilizes sun power as the seawater heating unit, and it relatively is suitable for the well-off occasion of sun power.Embodiment 2,3 utilizes condenser in the conventional heat pump circulating system as the seawater heating unit; it is sufficient inadequately that it relatively is suitable for the sun power supply; and the utilizable occasion of industrial exhaust heat is arranged; thereby for enforcement of the present utility model provides multiple possible mode; certainly the utility model is not got rid of other mode that can implement in addition, and the proposition of these modes should not got rid of outside protection domain of the present utility model.
The various embodiments described above only are used to illustrate the utility model; wherein the structure of each parts, mode of connection etc. all can change to some extent; every equivalents of carrying out on the basis of technical solutions of the utility model and improvement all should not got rid of outside protection domain of the present utility model.

Claims (6)

1. adverse current enclosed seawater desalination system, it is characterized in that: it comprises the placed in-line step by step multi-stage heat exchanger of heat transfer tube, the import of the described heat exchanger heat-exchanging tube of the first step connects the seawater water inlet pipe by a sea-water pump, and the described heat exchanger heat-exchanging tube of last step connects a seawater heating unit; Described seawater heating unit connects some spray headers that a spray column inner top is provided with by pipeline, be provided with the multistage filler in the described spray column and form the multi-stage spray tower that is communicated with, the evaporating space of the described filler of each section top connects a vapour pipe respectively, and the other end of each described vapour pipe connects the cylindrical shell top of a corresponding described interchanger respectively; The cylindrical shell of the described interchanger of each grade bottom is respectively by the pipeline fresh water collection tube that is connected in parallel, the cylindrical shell bottom of the described interchanger of each grade also wears a ventpipe respectively, the inlet end of the described ventpipe of each grade all is higher than this grade cylindrical shell bottom, and the described ventpipe of the described interchanger of back one-level bottom is communicated with the cylindrical shell top of the described interchanger of upper level respectively, the ventpipe of first step interchanger bottom connects last step spray column bottom by a muffler, and the bottom of described last step spray column connects a sprayed sea water vent pipe.
2. a kind of adverse current enclosed seawater desalination system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: between described sprayed sea water vent pipe and seawater water inlet pipe a variable valve is set.
3. a kind of adverse current enclosed seawater desalination system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described seawater heating unit is a solar energy heat collector.
4. a kind of adverse current enclosed seawater desalination system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described seawater heating unit is a heat pump circulating system.
5. a kind of adverse current enclosed seawater desalination system as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: the condenser of described heat pump circulating system is arranged on the pipeline between described heat exchanger heat-exchanging tube water outlet of described last step and the first step spray column water-in, the vaporizer of described heat pump circulating system, be arranged on by a throttling valve on the vent pipe of described sprayed sea water, described vaporizer to the pipeline between the condenser is provided with a compressor, and described condenser to the pipeline between the vaporizer is provided with an expansion valve.
6. a kind of adverse current enclosed seawater desalination system as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: the condenser of described heat pump circulating system is arranged on the pipeline between described heat exchanger heat-exchanging tube water outlet of described last step and the first step spray column water-in, the vaporizer of described heat pump circulating system is arranged on the described muffler, and described base of evaporator connects described fresh water collection tube by a pipeline; Described vaporizer to the pipeline between the condenser is provided with a compressor, and described condenser to the pipeline between the vaporizer is provided with an expansion valve.
CN2011200732980U 2011-03-18 2011-03-18 Backflow-type closed seawater desalting system Expired - Lifetime CN202089857U (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102205993A (en) * 2011-03-18 2011-10-05 清华大学 Adverse current closed type multistage seawater desalination system and method
CN106457058A (en) * 2014-01-31 2017-02-22 索拉奎金国际有限公司 Counter current liquid gas evaporation and condensation apparatus with fragmentation plates

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102205993A (en) * 2011-03-18 2011-10-05 清华大学 Adverse current closed type multistage seawater desalination system and method
CN102205993B (en) * 2011-03-18 2013-02-13 清华大学 Adverse current closed type multistage seawater desalination system and method
CN106457058A (en) * 2014-01-31 2017-02-22 索拉奎金国际有限公司 Counter current liquid gas evaporation and condensation apparatus with fragmentation plates
CN106457058B (en) * 2014-01-31 2019-06-21 Lat水务有限公司 The evaporation of adverse current liquefied gas and condensing plant with crushing shell

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