CN201338952Y - Device capable of comprehensively utilizing solar energy to desalinize seawater - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a device for desalinating seawater by comprehensively utilizing solar energy. Including solar collectors, bubbling evaporators, gas distributors, induced draft fans, condensing regenerators, heat exchange tubes, air pumps, solar panels, main controllers, salt water tanks, fresh water tanks, four solenoid valves and three centrifugal pump. The solar heat collector absorbs solar energy to heat the closed loop water, which enters the heat exchange tube and exchanges heat with the seawater in the bubbling evaporator. At the bottom of the bubbling evaporator, the humidity-carrying gas is fed by an air pump, and the gas passes through the high-temperature seawater in the form of small bubbles from bottom to top through the gas distributor. The temperature of the gas increases and the relative humidity increases. The induced draft fan exhausts the high-humidity air and forms a negative pressure on the liquid surface, reducing the partial pressure of the gas phase. After the high-humidity air is discharged, it enters the condensing regenerator to exchange heat with low-temperature seawater. The water vapor condenses to form fresh water. The gas enters the bubbling evaporator through the air pump. The cold seawater absorbs the heat of the high-humidity air and then enters the bubbling evaporator. The device has the advantages of simple structure, energy saving and environmental protection.

Description

A device for desalination of seawater by comprehensively utilizing solar energy

technical field

The utility model relates to a seawater desalination technology, in particular to a device for comprehensively utilizing solar energy to carry out seawater desalination.

Background technique

Seawater contains a lot of water, but seawater is salt water and cannot be used directly. To obtain fresh water, desalination of sea water is necessary. The phenomenon of desalination of seawater in nature is carried out every day. Seawater evaporates under the sun, and the water vapor enters the atmosphere to condense and then falls to the ground in the form of rain and snow, forming natural fresh water. This is the most important source of fresh water available to humans.

So far, there are dozens of artificial seawater desalination methods. However, at present, multi-stage flash evaporation, reverse osmosis, and multi-effect evaporation are mainly used in industry. Among them, the former two methods are dominant, and they account for more than 85% of the entire seawater desalination market share.

The flash evaporation method refers to the rapid evaporation of part of the seawater at a certain temperature under the condition of a sudden drop in pressure. Multi-stage flash seawater desalination is to evaporate the heated seawater in a plurality of flash chambers where the pressure is gradually reduced, and condense the steam to obtain fresh water. At present, the multi-stage flash method of seawater desalination devices in the world still has the largest output, the most mature technology, high operational safety and flexibility, but high energy consumption, and must be jointly constructed with thermal power plants, mainly used in the Gulf countries.

Reverse osmosis is a desalination method that pressurizes seawater to pass freshwater through a semi-permeable membrane. This method has wide adaptability and can be used regardless of large, medium or small scale, and regardless of seawater or brackish water. It is a seawater desalination method that has developed rapidly in the past 20 years. Large and medium seawater desalination plants all over the world use reverse osmosis as the first choice. The disadvantage of reverse osmosis is that the device is prone to fouling. This is an important problem to be solved at present.

Multi-effect evaporation is to evaporate the heated seawater in multiple evaporators in series. The steam evaporated from the previous evaporator is used as the heat source of the next evaporator, and condensed into fresh water. Among them, low-temperature multiple-effect distillation is one of the most energy-saving methods in distillation. Multi-effect evaporation also has scaling problems.

In addition to the above three desalination methods, pressure steam distillation and electrodialysis are relatively mature seawater desalination methods, but the scale is generally small. The current seawater desalination process faces the technical problems of high energy consumption and easy fouling of the device.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the utility model is to provide a device for comprehensively utilizing solar energy to desalinate seawater, which has low energy consumption, low operating cost, is not easy to scale and is easy to clean.

The technical scheme that the utility model solves its technical problem adopts is:

The utility model includes a solar heat collector, a bubbling evaporator, a gas distributor, an induced draft fan, a condensation regenerator, a heat exchange tube, an air pump, a solar panel, a main controller, a salt water tank, a fresh water tank, and four solenoid valves and three centrifugal pumps; the water inlet of the solar heat collector is connected to the water outlet of the first centrifugal pump, and the water outlet of the solar heat collector is connected to the bubbling evaporator through the first solenoid valve and the water inlet of the first centrifugal pump with a heat exchange tube , the lower port of the bubbling evaporator is divided into two paths, the first path is connected to the salt water tank through the second centrifugal pump, the second path is emptied through the second electromagnetic valve, and the gas distributor port at the lower end of the bubbling evaporator is passed through the third electromagnetic valve. The valve and the air pump are connected to the first port of the condensing regenerator. An induced draft fan is installed above the liquid level of the bubbling evaporator and connected to the second and third ports of the condensing regenerator. The fourth port of the condensing regenerator passes through the The four solenoid valves and the third centrifugal pump are connected to the salt water tank, the fifth port of the condensation regenerator is connected to the fresh water tank, and the main controller is electrically connected to the solar panel and the four solenoid valves respectively.

Use solar collectors to heat seawater, use the gas-liquid phase equilibrium relationship to bubble and evaporate the hot seawater, and induce wind to reduce the partial pressure of the gas phase to improve mass transfer efficiency, use a condenser to condense the moisture-carrying gas to obtain fresh water and absorb heat back, Use solar panels to provide the required power for system operation.

Compared with the background technology, the utility model has the beneficial effects of:

1) The structure is simple, the reliability is high, and it is easy to realize;

2) Complete use of clean energy and low power consumption;

3) It can realize one-time investment and zero-cost operation;

4) Easy to clean and maintain.

The utility model is suitable for seawater desalination, brackish water treatment, sewage recovery and hard water softening.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawing is a schematic diagram of the structure principle of seawater desalination.

In the figure: 1. Solar heat collector, 2. Bubbling evaporator, 3. Gas distributor, 4. Induced fan, 5. Condensation regenerator, 6. Heat exchange tube, 7. Air pump, 8. Solar panel , 9, main controller, 10, salt water tank, 11, fresh water tank, 12, solenoid valve, 13, centrifugal pump.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the utility model is further described.

As shown in the drawings, the utility model includes a solar heat collector 1, a bubbling evaporator 2, a gas distributor 3, an induced draft fan 4, a condensation regenerator 5, a heat exchange tube 6, an air pump 7, a solar panel 8, Main controller 9, salty water tank 10, fresh water tank 11, four electromagnetic valves 12 and three centrifugal pumps 13; the water inlet of solar heat collector 1 is connected to the water outlet of the first centrifugal pump 13, and the water outlet of solar heat collector 1 passes through The water inlet of the first electromagnetic valve 12 and the first centrifugal pump 13 is connected to the bubbling evaporator 2 with the heat exchange tube 6, and the lower port of the bubbling evaporator 2 is divided into two paths, and the first path is connected to the second centrifugal pump 13. The salt water tank 10, the second path is emptied through the second electromagnetic valve 12, the gas distributor 3 port at the lower end of the bubbling evaporator 2 is connected to the first port of the condensing regenerator 5 through the third electromagnetic valve 12 and the air pump 7, and the bubbling An induced draft fan 4 is installed above the liquid level of the evaporator 2 and is connected to the second and third ports of the condensing regenerator 5, and the fourth port of the condensing regenerator 5 is connected through the fourth electromagnetic valve 12 and the third centrifugal pump 13. into the salt water tank 10, the fifth port of the condensation regenerator 5 is connected to the fresh water tank 11, and the PLC main controller 9 is electrically connected to the solar panel 8 and four solenoid valves 12 respectively.

The components and parts used in the utility model can be purchased from the market according to needs, and the PLC main controller adopts Siemens S7-200CPU224XP.

The working principle of the utility model is as follows: the closed circulating water is heated in the solar heat collector 1, and the heat exchange tube 6 located below the liquid level of the bubbling evaporator 2 exchanges heat with the seawater in the bubbling evaporator 2, so that the temperature of the seawater raised. The flow rate of the closed circulating water is controlled by the first electromagnetic valve 12 to control the heating load, and the first centrifugal pump 13 provides the circulating power of the closed circulating water. The humidity-carrying gas is discharged by the gas pump 7 through a plurality of gas discharge ports on the gas distributor 3 . The gas distributor 3 is located at the bottom of the bubbling evaporator, and the humidity-carrying gas rises from the bottom in the form of small bubbles in the hot sea water. During the rising process, the evaporation of the water in the hot sea water is strengthened, and the absolute humidity of the humidity-carrying gas increases and becomes high temperature. high humidity gas. The high-temperature and high-humidity gas is drawn into the condensing regenerator 5 by the induced draft fan 4, and the induced draft fan 4 is placed above the liquid surface to discharge the high-humidity air and form a negative pressure on the liquid surface to reduce the partial pressure of the gas phase. The cold seawater absorbs the heat of the high-temperature and high-humidity gas, and enters the bubbling evaporator 2 after reheating and heating up. After the humidity-carrying gas cools down, the water vapor is liquefied and precipitated, and fresh water is discharged at the bottom of the condensing regenerator. The cooled humidity-carrying gas circulates into the air pump 7 again for bubbling. The electrical energy required for system operation is provided by solar panels 8 . The operation of solenoid valve 12 and centrifugal pump 13 is controlled by main controller 9 .

The solar panel 8 absorbs sunlight to generate electric energy, which is converted into alternating current through an inverter to drive the centrifugal pump 13 and the solenoid valve 12 to work. The closed circulation water heated by the solar collector 1 enters the bubbling evaporator 2 to exchange heat with seawater. When the seawater heats up to a certain temperature, the air pump 7 and the induced draft fan 4 are turned on to transport the gas to the condensing regenerator 5 and the cold seawater. Exchange heat and condense to obtain fresh water. After reheating, the gas is conveyed and circulated by the air pump into the bubbling evaporator 2, and the seawater absorbs the reheating of the gas and enters the bubbling evaporator 2 after heating up.

The solar heat collector 1 absorbs solar energy and converts it into heat energy to provide the heat required for the operation of the device. The solar panel 8 absorbs sunlight to generate electrical energy and provides the electrical energy required for the operation of the device. In order to realize the comprehensive utilization of solar energy

The above-mentioned specific embodiments are used to explain the utility model, rather than to limit the utility model. Within the spirit of the utility model and the scope of protection of the claims, any modifications and changes made to the utility model fall into the scope of the utility model. scope of protection.

Claims (1)

1. one kind fully utilizes the device that sun power carries out sea water desaltination, it is characterized in that: comprise solar energy collector (1), bubbling vaporizer (2), gas distributor (3), induced draft fan (4), condensation regenerator (5), heat transfer tube (6), air pump (7), solar panel (8), primary controller (9), salt water groove (10), fresh-water tank (11), four magnetic valves (12) and three impeller pumps (13); Solar energy collector (1) water-in connects the water outlet of first impeller pump (13), solar energy collector (1) water outlet uses heat transfer tube (6) to insert bubbling vaporizer (2) through first magnetic valve (12) and the water-in of first impeller pump (13), bubbling vaporizer (2) lower port is divided into two the tunnel, the first via inserts salt water groove (10) through second impeller pump (13), the second the tunnel through second magnetic valve (12) emptying, gas distributor (3) port of bubbling vaporizer (2) lower end connects first port of condensation regenerator (5) through the 3rd magnetic valve (12) and air pump (7), the liquid level of bubbling vaporizer (2) top be equipped with induced draft fan (4) and with second of condensation regenerator (5), the 3rd port connects, the 4th port of condensation regenerator (5) inserts salt water groove (10) through the 4th magnetic valve (12) and the 3rd impeller pump (13), the five-port of condensation regenerator (5) inserts fresh-water tank (11), and primary controller (9) is electrically connected with solar panel (8) and four magnetic valves (12) respectively.

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