CN201943897U - Wind-power electricity-generating equipment with automatic speed-regulating device - Google Patents
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种具有自动调速装置的风力发电设备,包括叶轮、主轴、增速齿轮箱、自动调速装置、发电机和塔架;所述自动调速装置包括变量泵、定量马达、测速单元、控制单元和油箱,所述变量泵由液压泵和一电液比例变量机构构成;所述变量泵的输入轴刚性联接所述增速齿轮箱的输出轴,所述定量马达的输出轴刚性联接发电机的主轴,所述液压泵和定量马达之间通过液压回路连接;所述控制单元通过测速单元和电液比例变量机构实现风力发电机组整机系统闭环控制。通过自动调速装置使风力发电设备的叶轮输出到发电机的转速可以稳定调节,驱动发电机相对恒速运转,而不需要通过变流设备就能够得到频率恒定而且与电网频率一致的电流。
The utility model discloses a wind power generation device with an automatic speed regulating device, which comprises an impeller, a main shaft, a speed-increasing gear box, an automatic speed regulating device, a generator and a tower; the automatic speed regulating device includes a variable pump, a quantitative motor , a speed measuring unit, a control unit and a fuel tank, the variable pump is composed of a hydraulic pump and an electro-hydraulic proportional variable mechanism; the input shaft of the variable pump is rigidly connected to the output shaft of the speed-up gearbox, and the output of the quantitative motor The shaft is rigidly connected to the main shaft of the generator, and the hydraulic pump and the quantitative motor are connected through a hydraulic circuit; the control unit realizes the closed-loop control of the whole system of the wind turbine through a speed measuring unit and an electro-hydraulic proportional variable mechanism. Through the automatic speed control device, the speed output from the impeller of the wind power generation equipment to the generator can be stably adjusted, and the generator is driven to run at a relatively constant speed, and a current with a constant frequency and consistent with the frequency of the grid can be obtained without the need for a converter device.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及一种风力发电系统,尤其涉及一种具有自动调速装置的风力发电设备。The utility model relates to a wind power generation system, in particular to a wind power generation device with an automatic speed regulating device.
背景技术Background technique
风力发电是风能的主要利用形式,风力发电机组是将风能转化成电能的机电设备。由于风速最大值随时间的变化而不断在波动,而风力发电机组对风能的转换具有一个固有特性,即每个风速都对应着一个最优的功率接收器转速,在该转速产生最大功率转换。而最优转速又取决于风力发电机功率转换器的结构参数和几何特征。所以,风力发电机组以可变的输入转速运行,而该输入转速又要尽可能最佳地匹配相应的风速。不论是大型风力发电机组还是中小型风力发电机组,发电机所产生的电能最终还是要供用户使用。这样就要求发电设备所产生的电流必须是相对恒频恒压形式,或者采用各种处理方式将变化不定的电流转换成恒定的电流,实现并网或离网运行。Wind power generation is the main form of wind energy utilization, and wind turbines are electromechanical equipment that convert wind energy into electrical energy. Since the maximum wind speed fluctuates with time, the conversion of wind energy by wind turbines has an inherent characteristic, that is, each wind speed corresponds to an optimal power receiver speed at which maximum power conversion occurs. The optimal speed depends on the structural parameters and geometric characteristics of the wind turbine power converter. Therefore, the wind turbine is operated with a variable input speed, which in turn has to be adapted as best as possible to the corresponding wind speed. Regardless of whether it is a large-scale wind turbine or a small and medium-sized wind turbine, the electricity generated by the generator will eventually be used by the user. This requires that the current generated by the power generation equipment must be in the form of relatively constant frequency and constant voltage, or use various processing methods to convert the variable current into a constant current to achieve grid-connected or off-grid operation.
为了解决风力发电机所产生电压的不稳定问题,目前主要的技术方案是在变桨距系统的基础上采用增速齿轮箱-双馈发电机系统和直驱-变频器系统。变桨距调速系统能够通过调节桨叶的迎风角,来调整作用在风轮叶片上的扭矩和功率。目前的变桨距调速功能只能在一定的条件下调整,但多变的风速随时出现,使得变桨距调速相对风速的变化要滞后一些。增速齿轮箱-双馈发电机系统总效率不高,平均无故障运行时间短,频率不稳定,不能保证电的正常品质。变频器又不可避免电网上的高次谐波负荷和显著的无功功率的产生,而且变频器成本相对较高,体积偏大,给生产、安装、维修带来一定的不便。In order to solve the instability problem of the voltage generated by the wind turbine, the current main technical solution is to use a speed-increasing gearbox-double-fed generator system and a direct drive-inverter system on the basis of the variable pitch system. The variable pitch speed control system can adjust the torque and power acting on the wind rotor blades by adjusting the windward angle of the blades. The current pitch control function can only be adjusted under certain conditions, but variable wind speeds appear at any time, making the pitch control lag behind the change of wind speed. The overall efficiency of the speed-increasing gearbox-double-fed generator system is not high, the mean time between failures is short, the frequency is unstable, and the normal quality of electricity cannot be guaranteed. Inverter is unavoidable to generate high-order harmonic load and significant reactive power on the power grid, and the cost of the inverter is relatively high, and the volume is too large, which brings certain inconvenience to production, installation and maintenance.
对于大型风力发电机组,其主要是安装于大型风场实现大功率并网发电;对于中小型风力发电机来说,其主要市场对象是单个用户,主要目的是满足单个家庭或者岛屿用户的用电需求,提供廉价清洁能源。For large-scale wind turbines, they are mainly installed in large-scale wind farms to realize high-power grid-connected power generation; for small and medium-sized wind turbines, their main market target is a single user, and the main purpose is to meet the electricity consumption of a single household or island user demand and provide cheap and clean energy.
目前,市场上的风力发电机组价格比较贵,结构复杂,特别是其中的变流器成本较高,在一定程度上抑制了风力发电设备的发展和普及。这就有必要研究一种结构简单紧凑、性能好、成本低,而且能够自动调速的风力发电设备的调速装置。因此,研发一种风能利用率高、系统动态特性好,能够实现自动调速,而且整机结构简单、体积较小、成本较低的风力发电设备的调速装置,具有潜在的市场前景和发展空间。At present, the price of wind power generators on the market is relatively expensive, and the structure is complex, especially the cost of the converter is relatively high, which to a certain extent inhibits the development and popularization of wind power generation equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to study a speed regulating device for wind power generation equipment with simple and compact structure, good performance, low cost and automatic speed regulation. Therefore, research and development of a speed control device for wind power generation equipment with high wind energy utilization rate, good system dynamic characteristics, automatic speed regulation, simple structure, small volume and low cost has potential market prospects and development space.
实用新型内容Utility model content
针对上述现有技术,本实用新型提供一种具有自动调速装置的风力发电设备,通过自动调速装置使风力发电设备的叶轮输出到发电机的转速可以实现稳定调节,驱动发电机相对恒速运转,而不需要通过变流设备就能够得到频率恒定而且与电网频率一致的电流。本实用新型具有自动调速装置的风力发电设备不但能减少风力发电设备所用的零部件,大大降低整机成本,提高机组可靠性,而且体积小,控制简便,系统动态性能好,可维护性好,其中的调速装置能作为大型并网风力发电机组的调速装置,也适用于中小型发电设备,能较好的适应不同风力发电场。Aiming at the above-mentioned prior art, the utility model provides a wind power generating equipment with an automatic speed regulating device, through which the speed of output from the impeller of the wind power generating equipment to the generator can be stably adjusted, driving the generator at a relatively constant speed Running, without the need to pass through the converter equipment, it can get the current with constant frequency and consistent with the frequency of the power grid. The wind power generation equipment with the automatic speed regulating device of the utility model can not only reduce the components used in the wind power generation equipment, greatly reduce the cost of the whole machine, improve the reliability of the unit, but also have small volume, simple control, good system dynamic performance and good maintainability , wherein the speed regulating device can be used as a speed regulating device for large-scale grid-connected wind power generators, and is also suitable for small and medium-sized power generation equipment, and can better adapt to different wind farms.
为了解决上述技术问题,本实用新型具有自动调速装置的风力发电设备予以实现的技术方案是:包括叶轮、主轴、增速齿轮箱、自动调速装置、发电机和塔架;所述自动调速装置包括变量泵、定量马达、测速单元、控制单元和油箱,所述变量泵由液压泵和一电液比例变量机构构成;所述自动调速装置安装在所述增速齿轮箱和发电机之间的主轴上,所述变量泵的输入轴刚性联接所述增速齿轮箱的输出轴,所述定量马达的输出轴刚性联接发电机的主轴,所述液压泵和定量马达之间通过液压回路连接,所述液压回路中设有安全阀和单向阀;所述控制单元通过测速单元和电液比例变量机构实现风力发电机组整机系统闭环控制。In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical scheme realized by the wind power generation equipment with automatic speed regulating device of the utility model is: comprising impeller, main shaft, speed-increasing gearbox, automatic speed regulating device, generator and tower; The speed device includes a variable speed pump, a quantitative motor, a speed measuring unit, a control unit and an oil tank. The variable speed pump is composed of a hydraulic pump and an electro-hydraulic proportional variable mechanism; On the main shaft between them, the input shaft of the variable displacement pump is rigidly connected to the output shaft of the speed-increasing gearbox, the output shaft of the quantitative motor is rigidly connected to the main shaft of the generator, and the hydraulic pump and the quantitative motor are connected by hydraulic pressure. The circuit is connected, and the hydraulic circuit is provided with a safety valve and a one-way valve; the control unit realizes the closed-loop control of the whole system of the wind power generating set through the speed measuring unit and the electro-hydraulic proportional variable mechanism.
与现有技术相比,本实用新型的有益效果是:Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:
(1)由于本实用新型中的控制单元是通过测速单元和变量泵的电液比例变量机构实现风力发电装置整机运行状态闭环控制,从而可以提高系统控制的可靠性和操作的简便性,提高电能稳定性,得到的电流可以直接并网或者供用户使用;(1) Because the control unit in the utility model realizes the closed-loop control of the running state of the wind power generation device through the electro-hydraulic proportional variable mechanism of the speed measuring unit and the variable pump, thereby the reliability of the system control and the simplicity of operation can be improved, and the Power stability, the obtained current can be directly connected to the grid or used by users;
(2)本实用新型发电设备能够将变化的风能转换成稳定的电能,无论是大、中、小型风力发电设备均不需要变流器,从发电机输出的电流就是相对稳定的恒频电流,由于是利用变量泵41-定量马达42作为调速执行单元,其结构简单而且容易实现自动控制、动态性能好、可靠性高、成本低,可以减轻用户的经济负担,充分发挥风力发电的优势效益,实现一次能源到二次能源的高效率转换。(2) The power generation equipment of the utility model can convert the changing wind energy into stable electric energy. No matter it is a large, medium or small wind power generation equipment, a converter is not needed, and the current output from the generator is a relatively stable constant frequency current. Since the variable variable pump 41-
(3)本实用新型中的液压元件能够起到缓冲作用,延长平均无故障周期、延长风力发电设备的平均寿命。(3) The hydraulic components in the utility model can play a buffering role, prolong the average trouble-free period, and prolong the average service life of the wind power generation equipment.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本实用新型具有自动调速装置的风力发电设备的安装示意图;Fig. 1 is the installation schematic diagram of the wind power generation equipment that the utility model has automatic speed regulating device;
图2是本实用新型风力发电设备实现自动调速的控制方框图;Fig. 2 is the control block diagram that the wind power generation equipment of the present invention realizes automatic speed regulation;
图3是具有自动调速装置的风力发电设备的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a wind power generation device with an automatic speed regulating device.
图中:In the picture:
1——叶轮 2——主轴 3——增速齿轮箱1——Impeller 2——Spindle 3——Gear box
40——自动调速装置 5——发电机 6——塔架40——Automatic
41——变量泵 411——液压泵 412——电液比例变量机构41——Variable pump 411——Hydraulic pump 412——Electro-hydraulic proportional variable mechanism
42——定量马达 43——测速单元 44——控制单元42——quantitative motor 43——speed measuring unit 44——control unit
45——安全阀 46——单向阀 47——油箱45——safety valve 46——one-way valve 47——oil tank
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合具体实施方式对本实用新型作进一步详细地描述。The utility model will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
如图1所示,本实用新型一种具有自动调速装置的风力发电设备,包括叶轮1、主轴2、增速齿轮箱3、自动调速装置40、发电机5和塔架6;所述自动调速装置40包括变量泵41、定量马达42、测速单元43、控制单元44和油箱48,所述变量泵41由液压泵411和一电液比例变量机构412构成,所述测速单元43为转速传感器;所述自动调速装置40安装在所述增速齿轮箱3和发电机5之间的主轴2上,所述变量泵41的输入轴刚性联接所述增速齿轮箱3的输出轴,所述定量马达42的输出轴刚性联接发电机5的主轴,所述液压泵411和定量马达42之间通过液压回路连接,考虑到自动调速装置中的变量泵41和定量马达42的正常运行,所述液压回路中设有安全阀45和单向阀46;所述控制单元44通过测速单元43和电液比例变量机构412实现风力发电机组整机系统闭环控制。由于高压工作液体在近距离内不需要考虑输送管道的布局问题,而且变量泵41和定量马达42之间的位置没有严格要求,只需要考虑增速齿轮箱3和变量泵41、定量马达42和发电机5轴心之间的同轴问题;故也不用考虑增速齿轮箱3输出轴和发电机5输入轴的对心问题,则安装本实用新型的风力发电设备可以有两种布局方案,如图1所示,将自动调速装置40和原有的发电设备直接放在塔架6顶端的机舱中,这样可以缩短高压工作液体的输送管道,在塔架6顶端即输出电流。当然,也可以通过延长液压回路的管道,将定量马达42和发电设备移至地面,在地面工作区域得到电流,这样可以在很大程度上减轻了风力发电设备的结构尺寸和重量,在降低制造困难的同时,大大的降低了设备的制造成本。As shown in Fig. 1, a kind of wind power generation equipment with automatic speed regulating device of the utility model comprises impeller 1,
利用上述具有自动调速装置的风力发电设备进行发电的过程是:风力发电设备工作中,叶轮1受风载驱动旋转,将风能转换成叶轮1旋转的机械能,叶轮1通过主轴2连接增速齿轮箱3,通过增速齿轮箱3驱动变量泵41工作,从而将机械能转换成液压能,变量泵41将被加压的工作液体通过液压回路输送到定量马达42,定量马达42将液压能转换成动能,并驱动发电机5发电,将动能转换成电能,实现最终的能量转换,即风能转换为电能;上述发电过程中,自动调速装置40中的测速单元43实时监测并反馈定量马达42的输出转速,通过控制单元44控制电液比例变量机构412相应动作,调整变量泵41的变量柱塞的位置,进而调节变量泵41的输出流量,使液压泵411在变速风载的作用下得到稳定的输出流量,驱动定量马达42稳定恒速运转,使发电机5恒定运行,从而得到频率恒定的电流。在发电系统的工作过程中如果液压回路中的压力过高,超过了安全阀46所设定的最高工作压力,则安全阀46自动溢流,以保证液压回路中各设备的安全。The process of using the above-mentioned wind power generation equipment with automatic speed regulating device to generate electricity is: when the wind power generation equipment is working, the impeller 1 is driven to rotate by the wind load, and the wind energy is converted into the mechanical energy of the rotation of the impeller 1, and the impeller 1 is connected to the speed-increasing gear through the
本实用新型中,由于控制单元44是通过测速单元43和电液比例变量机构412实现风力发电机组整机系统闭环控制,从而提高了系统控制的可靠性和操作的简便性,提高电流稳定性,最终得到的电流可以直接并网或者供用电器使用。In the utility model, since the control unit 44 realizes the closed-loop control of the whole system of the wind power generating set through the speed measuring unit 43 and the electro-hydraulic proportional variable mechanism 412, the reliability of the system control and the simplicity of operation are improved, and the current stability is improved. The final current can be directly connected to the grid or used by electrical appliances.
经仿真验证,本实用新型系统动态性能好,速度控制效果良好,结构简单控制方便,可靠性和互换性好,有效地保证了在变速风载的作用下得到相对稳定的电机转速,实现发电机高效运行,同时也提高了电流的稳定性。It has been verified by simulation that the system of the utility model has good dynamic performance, good speed control effect, simple structure, convenient control, good reliability and interchangeability, and effectively ensures a relatively stable motor speed under the action of variable speed wind load to realize power generation. The machine operates efficiently, and also improves the stability of the current.
尽管上面结合图对本实用新型进行了描述,但是本实用新型并不局限于上述的具体实施方式,上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的,而不是限制性的,本领域的普通技术人员在本实用新型的启示下,在不脱离本实用新型宗旨的情况下,还可以作出很多变形,这些均属于本实用新型的保护之内。Although the utility model has been described above in conjunction with the drawings, the utility model is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments, and the above-mentioned specific embodiments are only illustrative, rather than restrictive. Under the enlightenment of the utility model, many deformations can be made without departing from the purpose of the utility model, and these all belong to the protection of the utility model.
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102102634A (en) * | 2011-02-15 | 2011-06-22 | 天津大学 | Wind power generation equipment with automatic speed control device and automatic speed control method thereof |
CN102384119A (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2012-03-21 | 中联重科股份有限公司 | Electro-hydraulic proportional valve speed regulation control method, device and system and engineering mechanical equipment |
CN102506017A (en) * | 2011-11-22 | 2012-06-20 | 江麓机电科技有限公司 | Static-pressure differential speed regulation-type main transmission in wind generating set |
CN103557121A (en) * | 2013-11-07 | 2014-02-05 | 青岛经济技术开发区泰合海浪能研究中心 | Hydraulic constant-speed generating system of multilayer shunting type vertical axial fan |
CN104747378A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-07-01 | 浙江大学 | Double electrical hydraulic wind power generation system |
CN114671261A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-06-28 | 交通运输部水运科学研究所 | Full-hydraulic spiral bin cleaning system for grain silo and automatic bin cleaning control method |
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2011
- 2011-02-15 CN CN2011200388019U patent/CN201943897U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102102634A (en) * | 2011-02-15 | 2011-06-22 | 天津大学 | Wind power generation equipment with automatic speed control device and automatic speed control method thereof |
CN102384119A (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2012-03-21 | 中联重科股份有限公司 | Electro-hydraulic proportional valve speed regulation control method, device and system and engineering mechanical equipment |
CN102384119B (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2013-01-16 | 中联重科股份有限公司 | Electro-hydraulic proportional valve speed regulation control method, device and system and engineering mechanical equipment |
CN102506017A (en) * | 2011-11-22 | 2012-06-20 | 江麓机电科技有限公司 | Static-pressure differential speed regulation-type main transmission in wind generating set |
CN103557121A (en) * | 2013-11-07 | 2014-02-05 | 青岛经济技术开发区泰合海浪能研究中心 | Hydraulic constant-speed generating system of multilayer shunting type vertical axial fan |
CN103557121B (en) * | 2013-11-07 | 2016-03-02 | 青岛经济技术开发区泰合海浪能研究中心 | A kind of multilayer flow deviding type vertical shaft fan hydraulic pressure constant speed power generation system |
CN104747378A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-07-01 | 浙江大学 | Double electrical hydraulic wind power generation system |
CN114671261A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-06-28 | 交通运输部水运科学研究所 | Full-hydraulic spiral bin cleaning system for grain silo and automatic bin cleaning control method |
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