CN101440783B - Operation control method of wind power generation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a running and control method of a wind generating system, which comprises the following steps: when a current wind speed is more than a cut-in wind speed and less than a rated wind speed in a wind farm, stretching blades to a maximum length; when the current wind speed is more than the rated wind speed and less than a cut-out wind speed in the wind farm, folding the blades and switching propellers; when the current wind speed is less than the cut-in wind speed or more than the cut-out wind speed, feathering and folding the blades to the shortest, stopping grid-connected generation. The method of the invention can improve the maximum annual power generation of the wind farm and optimize the power quality output by the wind farm.

Description

The wind-power generating system progress control method

Technical field

The present invention relates to the wind-driven generator field, is a kind of wind-power generating system progress control method specifically.

Background technique

Wind-power electricity generation is current renewable energy sources largest, with fastest developing speed.Along with the quickening of Wind Power Utilization growth rate, the unit scale of wind power generating set (hereinafter to be referred as blower fan) also constantly increases, and the single-machine capacity of the average installation in the whole world at present is to 2MW.

The rated wind speed of this MW class blower fan is set in 12-14m/s usually; Only account for 7%-10% and account for the most ratio of the annual wind speed of two, three types of wind energy turbine set more than rated wind speed of domestic wind energy turbine set, this makes annual 90% the time service of surpassing of blower fan at the underpower generating state; Even high-quality wind energy turbine set, blower fan are amounted to also generate electricity less than 2000 hours of full power the whole year, that is to say that the average generation load of wind energy turbine set less than 1/4 of design electric motor power, causes the significant wastage of blower fan generating capacity.

Because the unstability of wind speed and direction, blower fan output-power fluctuation property, each wind energy turbine set are an independently power station, its output electric weight is with the wind speed fluctuation; This will produce the trunk electrical network and impact, and make grid power facility and electric consumer receive very big harm, thereby cause wind-powered electricity generation to be incorporated into the power networks on a large scale.From electrical network and user's angle, the wind-powered electricity generation that is known as green energy resource and gold electric power has but become rubbish.

This shows; There is very big technical development bottleneck in this current renewable energy sources largest, with fastest developing speed of wind-power electricity generation in present stage; Be necessary to design a kind of brand-new wind power generating set, realize the target of maximum annual electricity generating capacity of wind energy turbine set and optimal power generation quality based on wind energy turbine set.

Summary of the invention

In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of wind-power generating system and progress control method thereof, can improve the maximum annual electricity generating capacity of wind energy turbine set, and optimizes wind energy turbine set output power quality.

For solving above technical problem, wind-power generating system progress control method provided by the invention may further comprise the steps:

At the current wind speed of wind energy turbine set greater than the incision wind speed and during less than rated wind speed, with vane extension to extreme length;

, shrink blade and also become oar during at the current wind speed of wind energy turbine set greater than rated wind speed and less than cut-out wind speed;

Less than the incision wind speed or during greater than cut-out wind speed, the blade feathering also is retracted to the shortlyest, stops to generate electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems at the current wind speed of wind energy turbine set.

Preferably, may further comprise the steps:

Greater than the incision wind speed and during, open auxiliary generation device at the current wind speed of wind energy turbine set less than rated wind speed;

Less than the incision wind speed or during, close auxiliary generation device at the current wind speed of wind energy turbine set greater than cut-out wind speed.

Compared with prior art; The present invention can improve the maximum annual electricity generating capacity of wind energy turbine set; And optimize wind energy turbine set output power quality, particularly: adopt telescopic vane structure, corresponding reduction blower fan rated wind speed and rated power setting value; Make blower fan in the annual most of the time, be operated in specified generating state, increase annual full power generating dutation; Telescopic vane structure and pitch-variable system combine, and regulate output power, optimize wind energy turbine set output power quality, and its modification scope is big, mode is flexible.Further, adopt flow-disturbing lift-rising formula Airfoil Design, improve power coefficient, increase the annual generated output of blower fan.Further, as suitably replenishing, make Power Output for Wind Power Field be stabilized in the designed output power value, realize the endless purpose that is incorporated into the power networks of wind-powered electricity generation with auxiliary generating plant.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the composition frame chart of wind power generating set of the present invention, wind-power generating system one preferred embodiment;

Fig. 2 is the fundamental diagram of the said wind wheel blade of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of said wind wheel blade one preferred embodiment of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is the flow chart of wind-power generating system progress control method one preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Embodiment

Basic design of the present invention is that wind power generating set adopts telescopic vane structure, corresponding reduction blower fan rated wind speed and rated power setting value; Telescopic vane structure and pitch-variable system combine, and regulate output power.

Specify below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment.

Please refer to Fig. 1, this figure is the composition frame chart of wind power generating set of the present invention, wind-power generating system one preferred embodiment.Wind power generating set 1 of the present invention comprises:

Wind wheel 11 is used for converting wind energy into mechanical energy; Said wind wheel 11 comprises blade 111 and wheel hub 112, and the blade root of blade 111 is fixed on the wheel hub 112, and wheel hub 112 is connected with main shaft 12 1 ends, and the other end of main shaft 12 is connected with generator 14 through power train (like gear-box 13).Wherein,

Said blade 111 is adjustable structure: in preset low wind speed range, stretch blade, catch to improve wind energy, reduce the wind wheel starting torque; In preset high wind speed scope, shrink blade, to regulate the blower fan output power.Usually, high wind speed be wind speed greater than 12m/s, low wind speed is that wind speed is less than 7m/s; Certainly,, also can high wind speed, low wind speed be set at other numerical value, repeat no more at this according to the wind speed profile situation of wind energy turbine set.Preferably, blade 111 is that the flow-disturbing lift-rising is wing, is similar to the shape of airliner wing, to improve power coefficient C _pValue increases the annual generated output of blower fan.

Be provided with between said each blade 111 and the wheel hub 112 to become and starch, make blade 111 can pivot or regulate the slurry distance apart from system (figure does not show).Said change slurry is formed by becoming slurry distance between bearing, driving mechanism, prime mover and annex apart from system; Its concrete structure can adopt the existing technology scheme, and for example " wind technology " (work such as Tony Burton, Wu Xin etc. translate; Science Press, in September, 2007) disclosed change slurry is apart from system in.Wherein, said change slurry is starched distance between bearing apart from the critical component in the system into becoming, and the revolution that is similar to hoist is supported, between individual blade 111 and wheel hub 112; This inside and outside circle that becomes the slurry distance between bearing is connected with blade 111 with wheel hub 112 with bolt respectively, makes blade 111 to become the slurry distance with respect to its axis.

Main shaft 12 is used for transmitting torque to from wind wheel 11 other component of power train, is also supporting wind wheel 11 simultaneously; Usually, main shaft 12 adopts flange plate to be connected with wheel hub 112, is connected with gear-box 13 with shrink disk.Simultaneously, main shaft 12 is transferred loads to (figure does not show) on the base plate of cabin by bearings.

Gear-box 13 is used for wind wheel 11 rotational speeies are brought up to the rotating speed that is suitable for mutually with generator 14 in the high speed shaft side.Requirements such as usually, gear-box 13 can adopt parallel-axis type or planetary, and is in light weight to satisfy, that efficient is high, bearing capacity is big, noise is little, starting torque is little.Certainly, when being the directly driving type unit, then need not gear-box 13, change the rotor that connects wheel hub 112 and generator 14 by lower velocity shaft as if wind power generating set 1.

Generator 14 is placed on the extension of gear-box 13 rear portions, cabin base plate, links to each other with gear-box 13 output shafts through high speed shaft and elastic coupling flexible coupling.For the directly driving type unit, connect the rotor of wheel hub 112 and generator 14 by lower velocity shaft.Usually, the induction machines that adopt in the constant speed unit more; In the speed change unit, generator 14 is not directly to connect electrical network, therefore can use synchronous machine.

Mechanical braking sytem (figure does not show) is used for shutting down and braking the particularly braking when aerodynamic braking system lost efficacy.Usually, mechanical braking sytem can adopt disc type and clutch-type type, repeats no more at this.

Yaw system (figure do not show) is used to realize blower fan to wind, promptly keeps the blower fan forward to facing the wind and deviates from wind direction; Perhaps,, cable unties the mooring rope when excessively turning round cable.Said yaw system can adopt active yawing or freely go off course two types; The former drives by useable electric moter, and the The latter aerodynamic force drives.At least comprise the driftage bearing in the said yaw system,, and transmit pneumatic thrust to pylon with the critical piece weight in the carrying wind power generating set 1.Wherein, contain gear ring in the driftage bearing, the small gear in the driftage driving mechanism is engaged with, the swing of driving machine Ceiling.

Cabin (figure does not show) comprises cabin base plate and cabin lid; The former is used for the structural member of parts such as mounting teeth roller box 13, generator 14, driftage bearing, and the latter is used to protect on the base plate machinery and electric parts to avoid influences such as sunlight, rainwater, ice and snow.

Pylon and basis (figure does not show), cat head is connected with the retainer ring of driftage bearing, and is affixed with the basis at the bottom of the tower, is used for the critical piece of wind power generating set 1 is elevated to certain altitude.This is that the turbulent flow phenomenon reduces because wind speed with altitude increases.

Controller (figure does not show) is used for wind power generating set 1 by the switch transition process control of a kind of running state to another kind of running state, comprises the control of states such as standby, startup, generator operation, shutdown, disorderly closedown.

For realizing the present invention's purpose, the adjustable structure of wind power generating set 1 blade 111 is designed to key, below further specifies.

As everyone knows, in wind-power generating system, the wind wheel 11 visual motors of making blower fan increase the wind sweeping area that blade 111 length can increase wind wheel 11, thereby improve the output power of blower fan.Suppose that P is a rated power, C _pBe the wind wheel utilization factor, ρ is an air density, V _rBe rated wind speed, η ₁, η ₂Be respectively transmission efficiency, generator efficiency, D is a rotor diameter, has:

$P=1/2C_p\mathrm{\&rho;}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="V\; r"\; filenames="H2008102078382E00011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_r^{}{\mathrm{\&eta;}}_1{\mathrm{\&eta;}}_2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="D"\; filenames="H2008102078382E00011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">D</figure-callout>}}^2\mathrm{\&pi;}/4---\left(1\right)$

Visible by formula (1), rotor diameter depends primarily on blower fan rated power, rated wind speed; Thus, as long as confirm blower fan rated power, rated wind speed, just can calculate rotor diameter.

See also Fig. 2, this figure is the fundamental diagram of the said wind wheel blade of Fig. 1.Among the figure, r _OutBe wind wheel blade exradius, r _Out-maxAnd r _Out-minMinimum exradius when maximum exradius is with contraction when being respectively the wind wheel blade stretching, extension; r _InBe circle radius in the wind wheel blade, r _In-maxAnd r _In-minBe respectively wind wheel blade imperial palace circle radius circle radius in the minimum when shrinking when stretching, r _mBe the flexible center radius of wind wheel blade.Relation below above variable exists:

r _m＝(r _{out_max}+r _{in_min})/2＝(r _{out_min}+r _{in_max})/2(2)

Thus, confirm blower fan rated power P, rated wind speed V _rAfter, just can be according to the related parameter that has of formula (1), formula (2) design wind wheel blade.

Because the rated wind speed of current MW class blower fan at 12-14m/s, causes the time of blower fan annual 90% all to be operated in the state of underpower generating, output-power fluctuation is very big.Therefore; The present invention is advanced to rated wind speed between the 6-10m/s, and the setting value with blower fan rated power P reduces accordingly, then the highest the rising to more than 60% of time scale of the annual full power generating of blower fan; Thereby significantly reduce the blower fan output-power fluctuation, improve the wind-powered electricity generation quality.

Confirm after the blower fan rated power P,, and combine the fan design experience, confirm r successively according to the wind energy utilization formula _m, r _Out-max, r _Out-min, r _In-maxAnd r _In-min, promptly confirm the major parameter of wind wheel 11; Main structure parameters by rated wind speed, rated power and the blade of blower fan; Computational methods according to the fan design standard; Can further confirm the type selecting of critical pieces such as blower fan main shaft 12, gear-box 13, generator 14, so far accomplish the design work of power station type blower fan major parameter.

Especially, when adopting telescopic vane structure, use for reference the flow-disturbing lift-rising design of airliner wing, it is transplanted in the wind wheel blade structure, improve power coefficient C _pValue increases the annual generated output of blower fan.

Said telescopic vane structure can specifically be designed to various ways, is as the criterion to guarantee that blade 111 stretches flexibly, reliability is high, and below be an instance of telescopic blade.

See also Fig. 3, this figure is the structural representation of said wind wheel blade one preferred embodiment of Fig. 1.Said blade 111 comprises stator blade 1111, flexible blade 1115 and is used to drive the straight line motion driving mechanism 1112 of flexible blade 1115; Said straight line motion driving mechanism 1112 can be one of oil cylinder, cylinder or electric pushrod, and the one of which end is assemblied in the inner chamber of stator blade 1111 with hinged or alternate manner, and the other end is connected with flexible blade 1115; During 1112 actions of straight line motion driving mechanism, make the total length of blade 111 change.

As shown in Figure 3, said blade 111 preferably includes supporting mechanism 1113, slide plate 1114 movably, and wherein: supporting mechanism 1113 is fixed in the inner chamber of stator blade 1111; Slide plate 1114 is installed on the supporting mechanism 1113; One end of slide plate 1114 is connected with straight line motion driving mechanism 1112, and the other end is connected with flexible blade 1115.

This telescopic blade 111 can be regained in the inner chamber of stator blade 1111 or stretches out according to the flexible blade 1115 of the big young pathbreaker of wind speed, thereby realizes the adjusting of wind wheel 11 diameters, and adjusts wind speed round thus, the raising generating efficiency.This telescopic vane structure and pitch-variable system combine, and regulate output power, optimize wind energy turbine set output power quality, and its modification scope is big, mode is flexible.

In addition, although telescopic blade and traditional blades structure compared are complicated, manufacture cost increases; But because blower fan rated power setting value reduces; And, wind speed can reduce wind sweeping area when surpassing rated wind speed through shrinking blade; Reduce the pneumatic carrying of blower fan thus greatly; The design size of the machine driven system of blower fan and generator system corresponding construction can reduce, and the comprehensive manufacture cost of blower fan descends.

On the basis of above-mentioned wind power generating set 1, the blower fan output power is incorporated into the power networks, constitute wind-power generating system, below describe.

As shown in Figure 1; Said wind-power generating system comprises that some wind power generating set 1, transducer 2, transformer 3 (are without loss of generality; Fig. 1 only illustrates one group of parts), wherein: transducer 2 be used for the Ac of generator 14 output through rectification, be converted to the frequency of electrical network 4; Transformer 3 is used for voltage boost to electrical network 4 transmission voltages with the Ac of generator 14 outputs.

Especially, wind energy turbine set is regarded as an independent generator unit, is equipped with some auxiliary generation devices 5 (for example diesel generator etc.), with this adjustment means as generator 14 output powers; When wind speed is lower than the rated wind speed value, according to the constant requirement of output power, open some auxiliary generation devices, make the Power Output for Wind Power Field total amount reach its design generated output value; Thus, can improve the annual full power generating of wind energy turbine set hour number, reduce the Power Output for Wind Power Field fluctuation, improve the wind-powered electricity generation quality, realize the endless purpose that is incorporated into the power networks of wind-powered electricity generation.

Below wind-power generating system progress control method of the present invention is described.

See also Fig. 4, this figure is the flow chart of wind-power generating system progress control method one preferred embodiment of the present invention.

S401, obtain the current wind speed of wind energy turbine set.

The general air velocity transducer that adopts detects the wind speed size; Because wind speed is gradual amount, the air velocity transducer required precision need not too high, requires as long as satisfy control.

S402, judge current wind speed whether greater than the incision wind speed and less than cut-out wind speed,

If get into step S403;

If not, get into step S408.

S403, whether judge current wind speed less than rated wind speed,

If get into step S404;

If not, get into step S406;

S404, with vane extension to extreme length.

When the current wind speed of wind energy turbine set greater than the incision wind speed and during less than rated wind speed, vane extension with the increase wind sweeping area, has reduced the wind wheel starting torque to extreme length, promptly blower fan can move generating under very low rotating speed.

S405, unlatching auxiliary generation device, and return step 401.

Because wind farm wind velocity does not reach rated wind speed, wind energy turbine set is the underpower generating; At this moment,, open some auxiliary generation devices, make the Power Output for Wind Power Field total amount reach design rated power according to the constant requirement of Power Output for Wind Power Field.

S406, shrink blade and become oar.

Because the current wind speed of wind energy turbine set greater than rated wind speed and less than cut-out wind speed, becomes oar through shrinking blade and combining, and maintains rated power to guarantee generated output power.

S407, close auxiliary generation device, and return step 401.

Under the situation of opening auxiliary generation device, should make the auxiliary generation device generation outage this moment.

S408, blade feathering also are retracted to the shortlyest, stop to generate electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems.

At the current wind speed of wind energy turbine set less than the incision wind speed or during greater than cut-out wind speed, all can not normal power generation; At this moment, should and be retracted to the shortlyest, stop simultaneously generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems the wind wheel blade feathering; Because the deficiency of time 10% of this kind situation the whole year appears in wind energy turbine set, obviously, under this kind condition, needn't open auxiliary generation device and carry out power back-off.

Adopt the control measures of above-mentioned fan design scheme and peak load shifting, can make the annual overwhelming majority times of wind energy turbine set (the highest surpass annual time 90%) operate in the state of designed output power, amount to full power generating hour number the whole year and improve 1-2 doubly; Guarantee that thus output power is comparatively steady, reduce impact, make the level of wind-powered electricity generation output quality, realize that wind-powered electricity generation is endless to be incorporated into the power networks near thermoelectricity to the trunk electrical network.

The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention, should be pointed out that above-mentioned preferred implementation should not be regarded as limitation of the present invention, and protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with claim institute restricted portion.For those skilled in the art, do not breaking away from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can also make some improvement and retouching, these improvement and retouching also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. wind-power generating system progress control method; Wind-power generating system comprises wind power generating set, is pressurized to the transformer of electrical network transmission voltage with the transducer of said generated output power rectification and frequency conversion and with said generated output power, and wind power generating set comprises wind wheel, main shaft and generator, and said wind wheel comprises blade and wheel hub; The blade root of said blade is fixed on the said wheel hub; Said wheel hub is connected with an end of said main shaft, and the other end of said main shaft is connected with said generator through power train, and said blade is an adjustable structure; Said vane extension in preset low wind speed range, said vanes retract in preset high wind speed scope; Be provided with between said blade and the said wheel hub to become and starch, make said blade to pivot, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps apart from system:

At the current wind speed of wind energy turbine set greater than the incision wind speed and during less than rated wind speed, with vane extension to extreme length;

, shrink blade and also become oar during at the current wind speed of wind energy turbine set greater than rated wind speed and less than cut-out wind speed;

Less than the incision wind speed or during greater than cut-out wind speed, the blade feathering also is retracted to the shortlyest, stops to generate electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems at the current wind speed of wind energy turbine set.

2. wind-power generating system progress control method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, said blade is that the flow-disturbing lift-rising is wing.

3. wind-power generating system progress control method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, said blade comprises stator blade, flexible blade and is used to drive the straight line motion driving mechanism of said flexible blade; Said straight line motion driving mechanism one end is assemblied in the inner chamber of said stator blade, and the other end is connected with said flexible blade.

4. wind-power generating system progress control method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, said blade also comprises supporting mechanism, slide plate movably; Said supporting mechanism is fixed in the inner chamber of said stator blade; Said slide plate is installed on the said supporting mechanism; One end of said slide plate is connected with said straight line motion driving mechanism, and the other end is connected with said flexible blade.

5. wind-power generating system progress control method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, said straight line motion driving mechanism is one of oil cylinder, cylinder or electric pushrod.

6. wind-power generating system progress control method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the rated wind speed of said wind power generating set is 6-10m/s.

7. like each described wind-power generating system progress control method of claim 1 to 6, said wind-power generating system also comprises some auxiliary generation devices, is used to regulate said generated output power, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:

Greater than the incision wind speed and during, open auxiliary generation device at the current wind speed of wind energy turbine set less than rated wind speed;

Less than the incision wind speed or during, close auxiliary generation device at the current wind speed of wind energy turbine set greater than cut-out wind speed.

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