Background technology
In the prior art, Machining Spiral Bevel Gear equipment has mechanical type hypoid generating machine and numerical-control machine tool for processing spiral bevel gear.The structure of mechanical type hypoid generating machine and adjustment link are the most complicated in the gear machine.Referring to accompanying drawing 1, existing numerical-control machine tool for processing spiral bevel gear utilizes computer directly control three linear axis (being X, Y, Z axle) and three turning cylinders (being A, B, C axle), with the working motion of simulation mechanical type spiral bevel gear, thereby process spiral bevel gear.Numerical-control machine tool for processing spiral bevel gear is converted to software control with complex mechanical construction, has realized the information-based and intelligent of Machining Spiral Bevel Gear.Said structure be with toolbox along Y-axis, workpiece box is simulated the revolution of cutter around the cage chair axis along the interlock of X-axis, the swing that the function of tilt mechanism is changed into the B axle realizes.This structure is not given full play to the effect of Numeric Control Technology, has following major defect:
1, this structure is because column is motionless, toolbox (13) is installed on the column (8) by the slide plate (10) that is layering, in order to allow cutter (26) be worked into workpiece, have no alternative but stretch cutter spindle (25) very long, thereby strengthened the overhang ratio of cutter (26) stress point, caused cutter spindle (25) rigidity not so good with the main shaft bearing support distances.
2, the design of this machine tool structure is in that processing is left and right when revolving spiral bevel gear, the processing stand of lathe is respectively at the upper-lower position of workpiece (27), thereby cause the processing stand change in location of lathe very big, toolbox (13) is very long at the Y directional run, the position of processing stand is also very high, and these are not fine to the whole processing of lathe rigidity.
3, this structure X, Y, three linear motion axis of Z design to such an extent that relatively disperse, and cause the lathe floor space big, bad protection.
4, this structure X-axis slide plate (28) in process because will be along X to slip, X need be installed on the lathe bed to guide rail (16,17), cause chip area (29) can not open to whole machining area, though this structure can be installed the steel protection of armor formula on X-axis, but iron filings fall still bad cleaning on protection, particularly mill teeth the time, a large amount of iron filings are deposited on the lathe this situation especially easily.
5, for environmental protection and saving, the developing direction of spiral bevel gear mill teeth is to do cutting, does not promptly add cooling fluid man-hour adding, cutting speed is very fast, and heat is cut to be taken away, and this just requires scorching hot cutting can not drop on the lathe bed, in order to avoid influence the thermal deformation of lathe, the device of Fig. 1 is difficult to accomplish this point.
6, machine part is many, and floor space is big, the work-handling inconvenience.
Publication number is that the patent application prospectus of CN1457279 has been put down in writing a kind of machine of producing bevel gear, and this machine designs cutter spindle and work spindle on a column entirely, and its structure not only causes the manufacturing cost height, and the manufacturability of assembling is bad.
The utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the above-mentioned defective that prior art exists, propose a kind of simple in structure, stability and good reliability, efficient height, floor space are little, protection and chip removal are easy, the machine tool for processing spiral taper gear with six axes, five linkage axes easy to loading and unloading of workpiece and cutter.
The utility model is to adopt following technical proposals to realize, a kind of machine tool for processing spiral taper gear with six axes, five linkage axes, comprise lathe bed, workpiece box, column, horizontal sliding table, toolbox, described lathe bed is an opening U-lag structure up, and the width of described U-lag, the degree of depth, thickness direction are defined as Y-axis, Z axle, the X-direction of space Descartes's rectangular coordinate system successively; It is parallel with described Y direction and can be around rotating first gyroaxis of self axis to be provided with axis in described U-lag, and the described first gyroaxis two end supports is on two sidewalls of described U-lag; Described workpiece box is installed on described first gyroaxis and with described first gyroaxis and turns round synchronously;
Be provided with at least one axis in the upper surface of two sidewalls of described U-lag parallel with described X-direction and can be around the rotating first linear drives axle of self axis; Described column is installed in also can be along the axis moving linearly of the described first linear drives axle on the described first linear drives axle;
It is parallel with described Y direction and can be around the rotating second linear drives axle of self axis to be provided with at least one axis on described column; Described horizontal sliding table is installed in also can be along the axis moving linearly of the described second linear drives axle on the described second linear drives axle;
It is parallel with described Z-direction and can be around rotating the 3rd linear drives axle of self axis to be provided with axis on described horizontal sliding table; Described toolbox is installed in also can be along the axis moving linearly of described the 3rd linear drives axle on described the 3rd linear drives axle.
In the utility model, an end of described first gyroaxis is provided with one and drives the panoramic table that described first gyroaxis rotates, and is provided with drive unit in the described panoramic table; Described drive unit is selected from torque motor or drives a kind of in power-actuated gear drive, crank linkage driving system, the Worm and worm-wheel gearing by peripheral hardware.
In the utility model, described workpiece box is provided with the work spindle of the axis normal of an axis and described first gyroaxis, one end of described work spindle is provided with the Workpiece carrier platform that workpiece to be machined is installed, and the other end of work spindle or centre position are connected with the drive unit of work spindle in being located at workpiece box.
In the utility model, the described first linear drives axle is a double lead, and described column is installed by first hole disposed thereon and described double lead coupling and driven, and described column is along the axis moving linearly of described double lead.
In the utility model, be provided with two described first guiding rails that axis direction is parallel with X-direction in the upper surface of two sidewalls of described U-lag, first gathering sill that described column is provided with by its bottom surface contacts realization along the location of the support of Z-direction and Y direction and the guiding of described column along the axis moving linearly of described first screw mandrel is provided with described first guiding rail coupling.
In the utility model, the described second linear drives axle is second screw mandrel, and described horizontal sliding table is installed by silk hole disposed thereon and described second screw mandrel coupling and driven the axis moving linearly of described horizontal sliding table along described second screw mandrel.
In the utility model, be provided with three axis directions, second guiding rail parallel with described Y direction on described column, the gathering sill that described horizontal sliding table is provided with by an one side contacts the support that realizes along Z-direction with described second guiding rail coupling and locatees and provide the guiding of described horizontal sliding table along the axis moving linearly of described second screw mandrel.
In the utility model, described the 3rd linear drives axle is the 3rd screw mandrel, and described toolbox is installed by the 3rd hole disposed thereon and described the 3rd screw mandrel coupling and driven the axis moving linearly of described toolbox along described the 3rd screw mandrel.
In the utility model, be provided with two axis directions described three guiding rail parallel with described Z-direction on described horizontal sliding table, the gathering sill that described toolbox is provided with by one side contacts realization along the location of Y direction and the guiding of described toolbox along the axis moving linearly of described the 3rd screw mandrel is provided with described the 3rd guiding rail coupling.
In the utility model, described toolbox is provided with a cutter spindle that axis is parallel with the axis of described the 3rd driving shaft, one end of described cutter spindle is provided with the base of tool of mounting cutter, and the other end or centre position are connected with the drive unit of cutter spindle in being located at toolbox.
In the utility model, the inboard dresser that is used for the reconditioning cutter that is provided with in two sidewalls of described U-lag.
Know-why of the present utility model is, spiral bevel gear is in process, the relative motion of cutter and workpiece is depended in the formation of its flank of tooth, and the relative position of cutter and workpiece is finished by three linear drives axles, the i.e. first linear drives axle, the second linear drives axle, the 3rd linear drives axle and three turning cylinders, promptly first gyroaxis, cutter spindle, tool spindle are determined, six setting can be in the relative position of any needs as long as guarantee cutter and workpiece.The utility model is determined at the various possible setting means of having studied three linear drives axles and three gyroaxises and after analyzing its pluses and minuses.The process of the utility model processing spiral bevel gear is:
1, on the cutter spindle of toolbox (13), installs cutter, on the work spindle of workpiece box (2), install spiral bevel gear, computer is at first controlled the rotation of first gyroaxis behind the start-up routine, drive workpiece box (2) around angle of first gyroaxis revolution, the size of angle of revolution is exactly the wheel blank established angle that spiral bevel gear has just begun to add man-hour.
2, computer control column (8) along X-axis move, horizontal sliding table (10) moves along Y-axis, toolbox (13) moves along the Z axle, opens the beginning position with what cutter moved quickly into Gear Processing, cutter is by given speed revolution and open cooling fluid.
3, under programme-control, the first linear drives axle, the second linear drives axle, the 3rd linear drives axle, cutter spindle, work spindle five-axle linkage make cutter and workpiece to be machined do the generating motion of engagement to process the flank of tooth.
4, after a teeth groove processes, toolbox rises along Z-direction workpiece to be machined and cutter is disengaged, work spindle rotation makes the original position of gear compound graduation to the second gear teeth processing, then X, Y, Z each under the principle that does not interfere, return to the original position of Gear Processing fast.
5, second teeth groove of processing so moves in circles, up to machining all gear teeth.
6, each all gets back to the home position, and (cleaning door is opened the back) staff takes off the gear that processes and changes gear to be processed.
7 if numerically controlled tooth grinding machine also will utilize dresser (18) to come trimming wheel in readiness time or process.
Lathe of the present utility model is compared with existing lathe, has following advantage:
1, the first gyroaxis panoramic table can adopt torque motor or or drive precision rotating platform type of drive commonly used such as power-actuated gear drive, crank linkage driving system, Worm and worm-wheel gearing by peripheral hardware and drive;
2, all install on two sidewalls of the U-lag that is supported on lathe bed at the first gyroaxis two ends, has improved rotating precision of first gyroaxis and rigidity greatly; Precision and the lower defective of rigidity that prior art is produced around some rotations by a big workpiece box have been overcome.
3, column is driven by the mariages thick stick along the slip of directions X, has guaranteed the high rigidity of lathe.
4, on described column, be provided with three axis directions, second guiding rail parallel with described Y direction, the gathering sill that described horizontal sliding table is provided with by an one side contacts the support that realizes along Z-direction with described second guiding rail coupling and locatees and provide the guiding of described horizontal sliding table along the axis moving linearly of described second screw mandrel, increase by one than existing machine tool structure, also improved the rigidity of lathe greatly.
5, lathe is left and right when revolving spiral bevel gear in processing, its processing stand no longer is distributed in the upper-lower position of workpiece, but be distributed in the position, the left and right sides of workpiece, make the processing stand of lathe remain very low position like this in short transverse, and this position good rigidly, easily chip removal, easily observation are the optimum processing stands of lathe.
6, X, Y, three direction rectilinear motions of Z are all finished by column itself or the guiding, the drive unit that are arranged on the column, make the machine tool structure compactness, easy to assembly, has good processing performance, and the X of lathe, Y direction rectilinear motion are the not horizontal movements of coplane, and the movement in vertical direction of Z axle has only cutter relieving and feed function, though such layout Machine Tool design is a vertical structure, but because vertical direction (Z axle) stroke is quite short, this also makes the size of lathe short transverse less, center of gravity is lower, and rigidity obviously improves.
7, the lathe total arrangement adopts vertical structure, and the loading and unloading of workpiece and cutter are very convenient, and workpiece is convenient to realize the manipulator automatic loading and unloading;
8, equipment manufacturing cost reduction, stable performance, reliable; The smear metal of processing drops in the lathe U type chip area, easily chip removal and easily in realizing doing cutting;
9, machine part is few, and processing performance is good, and floor space is little, and protection easily, and is handsome in appearance.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the utility model is made and to further specify.
Lathe of the present utility model comprises the lathe that adopts end face mill teeth or teeth grinding method processing spiral bevel gear, curved tooth hypoid gear.
Referring to accompanying drawing 2, machine tool for processing spiral taper gear with six axes, five linkage axes described in the utility model, comprise lathe bed 1, workpiece box 2, column 8, horizontal sliding table 10, toolbox 13, described lathe bed 1 are opening U-lag structure up, and the width of described U-lag, the degree of depth, thickness direction are defined as Y-axis, Z axle, the X-direction of space Descartes's rectangular coordinate system successively; It is parallel with described Y direction and can be around rotating first gyroaxis 3 of self axis to be provided with axis in described U-lag, and described first gyroaxis, 3 two end supports are on two sidewalls 4,5 of described U-lag; One end of described first gyroaxis 3 is provided with one and drives the panoramic table 12 that described first gyroaxis 3 rotates, be provided with in the described panoramic table 12 driving first gyroaxis 3 torque motor or drive power-actuated gear drive, toggle, Worm and worm-wheel gearing by peripheral hardware; Workpiece box 2 is installed on described first gyroaxis 3 and with described first gyroaxis 3 and turns round synchronously; Described workpiece box 2 is provided with the work spindle 14 of the axis normal of an axis and described first gyroaxis 3, one end of described work spindle 14 is provided with the Workpiece carrier platform 15 that workpiece to be machined is installed, the other end or in the middle of it position be connected with the second driving power in being located at workpiece box 2;
Respectively be provided with axis direction in the upper surface of two sidewalls of described U-lag 4,5 parallel with described X-direction and can be around the rotating first linear drives axle of self axis, and the described first linear drives axle is made up of screw mandrel 6, screw mandrel 7; Described column 8 is installed by silk hole disposed thereon and described screw mandrel 6, screw mandrel 7 couplings and is driven the axis moving linearly of described column 8 along described screw mandrel 6, screw mandrel 7; Respectively be provided with first guiding rail 16,17 that axis is parallel with X-direction in the upper surface of two sidewalls of described U-lag 4,5, the gathering sill that described column 8 is provided with by its bottom surface contacts the support that realizes along Z axle, Y direction with described first guiding rail, 16,17 couplings and locatees and provide the guiding of described column 8 along the axis moving linearly of described screw mandrel 6, screw mandrel 7;
It is parallel with described Y direction and can be around the rotating second linear drives axle 9 of self axis to be provided with axis on described column 8; Described horizontal sliding table 10 is installed in also can be along the axis moving linearly of described second driving shaft 9 on described second driving shaft 9; Be provided with three axis directions described second guiding rail 20,21,22 parallel with described Y direction on described column 8, the gathering sill that described horizontal sliding table 10 is provided with by an one side contacts the support that realizes along Z-direction with described second guiding rail, 20,21,22 couplings and locatees and provide the guiding of described horizontal sliding table 10 along the axis moving linearly of the described second linear drives axle 9;
It is parallel with described Z-direction and can be around rotating the 3rd linear drives axle 11 of self axis to be provided with axis on described horizontal sliding table 10; Described toolbox 13 is installed in also can be along the axis moving linearly of described the 3rd linear drives axle 11 on described the 3rd linear drives axle 11; Be provided with two axis directions described three guiding rail 23,24 parallel with described Z-direction on described horizontal sliding table 10, the gathering sill that described toolbox 13 is provided with by one side contacts realization along the location of Y direction and the guiding of described toolbox 13 along the axis moving linearly of described the 3rd linear drives axle 11 is provided with described the 3rd guiding rail 23,24 couplings; Described toolbox 13 is provided with a cutter spindle 25 that axis is parallel with the axis of described the 3rd linear drives axle 11, one end of described cutter spindle 25 is provided with the cutter mounting disc of mounting cutter, and position is connected with the 3rd driving power in being located at toolbox 13 in the middle of the other end or its.
In the present embodiment, described second driving shaft 9 is second screw mandrel, and described horizontal sliding table 10 is installed by silk hole disposed thereon and described second screw mandrel coupling and driven the axis moving linearly of described horizontal sliding table 10 along described second screw mandrel.
In the present embodiment, described the 3rd linear drives axle 11 is the 3rd screw mandrel, and described toolbox 13 is installed by silk hole disposed thereon and described the 3rd screw mandrel coupling and driven the axis moving linearly of described toolbox 13 along described the 3rd screw mandrel.
In the present embodiment, be provided with the dresser 18 that is used for the reconditioning cutter at two sidewalls 4 of described U-lag or 5 inboard.