CN201536282U - Flux reversal motor with magnetic field regulating capabilities - Google Patents

Abstract

A flux reversal motor with magnetic field adjustment capability, the motor comprises: a stator (1), a single-phase concentrated excitation winding (2), a permanent magnet (3), a three-phase concentrated armature winding (4), a rotor (5 ) and slots (6) on the stator teeth; there is a slot (6) in the middle of each stator tooth facing the air gap to place the single-phase concentrated excitation winding (2); two surface mounts are mounted on each stator tooth facing the air gap The polarities of the permanent magnets (3) are opposite to each other, and the polarities of the four permanent magnets below the two adjacent stator teeth are distributed alternately, that is, in NS-SN distribution; the coils of the three-phase concentrated armature winding (4) are arranged horizontally It straddles a stator tooth; the permanent magnet magnetic field can be adjusted by changing the magnitude and direction of the electric excitation current in the excitation winding, so that the above-mentioned shortcomings in the pure permanent magnet motor can be overcome, so that the hybrid excitation type flux reverse Under the condition of adopting concentrated winding and rotor not inclined slot, the directional motor can obtain static characteristics such as flux linkage and counter electromotive force which are very close to trapezoidal wave distribution.

Description

A Flux Reversal Motor with Magnetic Field Adjustment Capability

technical field

The utility model is a motor with simple and firm structure, strong torque output capability and high power density, especially a motor capable of realizing mixed excitation function, which belongs to the technical field of motor manufacturing.

Background technique

With the intensification of the energy crisis, it has become the consensus of the world to use permanent magnet excitation instead of electric excitation to save energy consumption. At the same time, since my country is the country with the richest rare earth resources in the world, it is necessary to develop, research and promote the application of new structure rare earth permanent magnets. Motor has important theoretical significance and practical value. Especially for hybrid electric vehicles, which are widely studied at present, the motor drive system is required to be small in size, light in weight, high in efficiency, strong in reliability, free of maintenance, large in torque output, and wide in speed regulation range. However, the permanent magnet motor itself has the bottleneck that the air gap magnetic field cannot be adjusted, which limits its application in hybrid electric vehicles. The vast majority of permanent magnet motor no-load permanent magnet flux linkage is greater than the product of direct axis inductance and rated current, the maximum torque of permanent magnet motor in the constant torque region and the maximum operating speed in the constant power region are a pair that cannot Reconcile the contradiction: On the one hand, increasing the permanent magnet flux linkage can certainly improve the maximum torque output capability of the motor, but at the same time limit the high-speed operation of the motor (due to the increasing no-load back electromotive force); on the other hand, when the inverter When the current limit of the motor and the direct axis inductance of the motor are fixed, reducing the permanent magnet flux linkage is beneficial to improve the constant power operating range of the motor but will limit the torque output. Therefore, the above-mentioned shortcoming of the permanent magnet motor has become a bottleneck restricting its application and popularization. Most of the current hybrid excitation motors based on rotor permanent magnet motors place the DC excitation winding on the stator. In order to provide a path parallel to the permanent magnet flux in the radial or axial direction for the electric excitation flux, the proposed motor structure is very complicated, and it faces huge challenges in terms of manufacturing process and mass production of finished products. challenge. If a hybrid excitation motor needs to make a significant sacrifice in terms of structural complexity in order to achieve magnetic field adjustment, its competitiveness will be greatly reduced.

On the other hand, since the end of the last century, three new stator permanent magnet motors have emerged in the world, namely double salient permanent magnet motors, flux switching permanent magnet motors and flux inversion permanent magnet motors. In order to place both permanent magnets and armature windings in the stator, the rotor is only made of soft magnetic materials such as silicon steel sheets. The mixed excitation structure schemes for the former two have been proposed. The present invention is based on the structure of the magnetic flux reverse permanent magnet motor, modifying the magnetization direction of the magnetic steel, and proposing a new structure of mixed excitation magnetic flux Inverting the motor to avoid complex structures, and trying to achieve the mixed excitation function without major modifications on the basis of maintaining the pure permanent magnet motor.

Contents of the invention

Technical problem: The purpose of this utility model is to propose a compact, simple and robust flux reversal motor with magnetic field adjustment capability. The motor can reasonably arrange the space of the electric excitation winding without increasing the volume Under certain conditions, the power density of the motor can be further improved, and at the same time, various performances can be improved in all aspects through the flexible adjustment of the electric excitation current and the armature current, including maximum torque, constant power maximum operating speed and high efficiency in the entire operating range.

Technical solution: The magnetic flux reversal motor with magnetic field adjustment capability of the utility model includes: stator, single-phase concentrated excitation winding, permanent magnet, three-phase concentrated armature winding, rotor and slots on stator teeth; the middle part of each stator tooth There is a slot facing the air gap to place the single-phase concentrated excitation winding; two permanent magnets with opposite polarities are mounted on the surface of each stator tooth facing the air gap, and the polarities of the four permanent magnets below the two adjacent stator teeth are Staggered distribution, that is, NS-SN distribution; each coil of the three-phase concentrated armature winding is sequentially straddled on a stator tooth; among them, the three-phase concentrated armature winding has a total of 6 concentrated armature coils, and the first concentrated armature winding The armature coil is diametrically opposite to the second concentrated armature coil, reversely connected in series or in parallel to form an A-phase armature winding; the third concentrated armature coil is diametrically opposite to the fourth concentrated armature coil, reversely connected in series or After being connected in parallel, it forms the B-phase armature winding; the fifth concentrated armature coil is diametrically opposed to the sixth concentrated armature coil, and is reversely connected in series or in parallel to form a C-phase winding; when the excitation winding is double-layered, there are 6 concentrated Excitation coil, when it is a single layer, there are 3 concentrated excitation coils, including the first excitation winding coil, the second excitation winding coil, the third excitation winding coil, the fourth excitation winding coil, the fifth excitation winding coil and the sixth excitation winding coil Both are concentrated windings, straddling the slots opened by two adjacent stator teeth, two coils can be distributed in each slot as a double-layer structure, and the two coils in the same slot are electrified with the same polarity, or Only one coil is distributed in each slot to form a single-layer structure, and the above-mentioned several concentrated excitation coils are sequentially connected head to tail in series to form a single-phase excitation winding.

The stator is assembled from a magnetic core and a permanent magnet, and the permanent magnet is mounted on the tooth surface of the stator. There are no permanent magnets and windings on the rotor; the rotor is straight slot, suitable for brushless DC operation; or inclined slot, suitable for brushless AC operation. The excitation winding is placed in the slot of the stator teeth; the excitation winding is a concentrated winding, which is arranged in double layers or single layers.

As shown in Figure 1, when the rotor of the motor is at this position, the rotor has a tooth that is aligned with a permanent magnet of the first concentrated armature coil and the second concentrated armature coil. According to the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet, the two motors The directions of the permanent magnetic flux in the pivot coil are opposite but the value is the same, and the value is the largest at this moment. Therefore, if the electric excitation magnetic potential in the same direction as the permanent magnet magnetic potential is respectively applied through the first excitation winding coil and the fourth excitation winding coil, the turn chain can be added to the first concentrated armature coil and the second concentrated armature coil The magnetic flux, thereby increasing the potential induced in the winding. On the contrary, if the direction of the excitation current is changed so that the direction of the generated electric excitation flux is opposite to that of the permanent magnet flux, the combined flux linkage in the first concentrated armature coil and the second concentrated armature coil can be reduced, thereby reducing the current The potential induced in the armature winding. It can be seen that the permanent magnet magnetic field can be adjusted by changing the magnitude and direction of the electric excitation current in the excitation winding, so that the above-mentioned shortcomings in the pure permanent magnet motor can be overcome, so that the hybrid excitation flux reversal motor can be used in concentrated Under the condition that the winding and the rotor are not inclined, static characteristics such as flux linkage and back electromotive force which are very close to the trapezoidal wave distribution can be obtained, so that the present invention is more suitable as an AC speed regulation system component of the brushless DC drive mode. In addition, a relatively sinusoidal counter electromotive force can also be obtained through a certain angle of the rotor chute, making the present invention suitable as an AC speed regulation system component in a brushless AC drive mode.

In addition, the characteristics of the structure of the motor lead to a large no-load air gap flux density, and the motor has a strong torque output capability and a high power density; at the same time, the armature winding and the field winding are concentrated windings, and the end Short, small resistance, high efficiency.

Beneficial effect:

1. The structure retains the advantages of the permanent magnet flux reversal motor, which are compact, simple, robust, and suitable for high-speed operation;

2. In terms of performance, the advantages of large torque output, high power density and high efficiency of permanent magnet motors are retained;

3. An additional set of electric excitation windings can be placed without increasing the volume of the motor;

4. Both the armature and excitation windings in the motor are concentrated windings with short ends;

5. According to different performance requirements, the rotor can be slotted straight or inclined to obtain trapezoidal wave or sine wave counter electromotive force;

6. Compared with the existing hybrid excitation motor (including rotor permanent magnet type and stator permanent magnet type), the structure is simple, the field winding does not occupy the slot area of the armature winding, but part of the stator core is reduced, and the development is easy.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the stator, the rotor, the armature winding and the double-layer excitation winding of the utility model. Among them: stator 1, single-phase double-layer concentrated excitation winding 2, first concentrated excitation coil 21, second concentrated excitation coil 22, third concentrated excitation coil 23, fourth concentrated excitation coil 24, fifth concentrated excitation coil 25, The sixth concentrated excitation coil 26, the permanent magnet 3, the three-phase concentrated armature winding 4, the first concentrated armature coil 411, the second concentrated armature coil 412, the third concentrated armature coil 421, and the fourth concentrated armature coil 422 , the fifth concentrated armature coil 431 , the sixth concentrated armature coil 432 , the rotor 5 , and the slot 6 for setting the stator field winding.

Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of the stator, rotor, armature winding and single-layer field winding of the utility model. Among them: stator 1, single-phase single-layer concentrated excitation winding 2, first concentrated excitation coil 21, second concentrated excitation coil 22, third concentrated excitation coil 23, permanent magnet 3, three-phase concentrated armature winding 4, first Concentrated armature coil 411, the second concentrated armature coil 412, the third concentrated armature coil 421, the fourth concentrated armature coil 422, the fifth concentrated armature coil 431, the sixth concentrated armature coil 432, the rotor 5, and the arrangement Slot 6 of the stator field winding.

Detailed ways

The utility model includes a stator, a permanent magnet, a three-phase concentrated armature winding, a single-phase concentrated excitation winding and a rotor; each stator tooth has a small slot in the middle of the tooth tip, and the stator tooth is divided into two teeth. A permanent magnet is mounted on the lower surface of each small tooth, and the polarity of the two permanent magnets under the same stator tooth is opposite, while the polarity distribution of the magnetic steel under the adjacent stator teeth is staggered, that is, the polarity of the permanent magnet under the first stator tooth If the distribution is NS, the polarities of the permanent magnets under the two adjacent stator teeth are both SN, and they are distributed on the surface of the stator in turn. Therefore, if the number of stator teeth is P _s , a total of 2P _s permanent magnets are mounted on the surface of the stator teeth. A total of P _s stator tooth slots are provided for the excitation winding, and the excitation winding can adopt a single-layer or double-layer structure. If it is a single-layer excitation winding, there are a total of P _s /2 excitation coils; if it is a double-layer excitation winding, there are a total of P _s excitation coils. Each coil of the three-phase concentrated armature winding straddles on a stator tooth. Among them, the three-phase concentrated armature winding has a total of P _s concentrated armature coils distributed alternately in the order of ABC three-phase, and each phase is composed of P _s /3 armature coils, the coils belonging to the same phase have a space difference of 1080°/P _s (spatial mechanical angle). If a hybrid excitation flux reversal motor with 6 slots in the stator and 4 poles in the rotor is taken as an example, the first concentrated armature coil and the second concentrated armature coil are radially opposite (the space difference is 180°), and the sequence is serial The third concentrated armature coil is radially opposite to the fourth concentrated armature coil (the space difference is 180°), and they are sequentially connected in series (or parallel) to form the B-phase winding. Armature winding; the fifth concentrated armature coil is diametrically opposed to the sixth concentrated armature coil (the space difference is 180°), and they are sequentially connected in series (or parallel) to form the C-phase armature winding; for the two armature coils that form the A phase As far as the pivot winding coil is concerned, the first concentrated coil and the second concentrated coil are at any rotor position, and the number of flux linkages in the windings is the same and the direction is opposite. They need to be connected in reverse series to form A phase. The situation for B phase and C phase is similar. . The armature winding is a concentrated winding, and the field winding is also a concentrated winding. If a double-layer excitation winding is used, the first concentrated excitation coil to the sixth concentrated excitation coil are connected end to end in turn to form a single-phase excitation winding, and the current direction of the two excitation coils in the same slot is consistent; if a single-layer excitation winding is used, Then the first concentrated excitation coil to the third concentrated excitation coil are connected end to end in sequence to form a single-phase excitation winding. The stator is assembled with a magnetic core and a permanent magnet. The rotor is a straight slot or inclined slot rotor with neither permanent magnets nor windings on the rotor. Permanent magnets are ferrite, samarium cobalt or neodymium iron boron and other types of permanent magnet materials.

When the field winding does not pass current, when the rotor is aligned with two permanent magnets with different polarities under the same stator tooth during rotation, the permanent magnetic flux turns generated by the permanent magnets are linked to the concentrated armature coils of each stator. The direction will be opposite, resulting in a flux reversal effect, resulting in a bipolar permanent magnet flux linkage in each phase of the armature winding. The key point of the present invention is that a slot area is opened in the middle of the tip of the stator tooth facing the air gap to place the single-phase excitation winding, wherein a double-layer (or single-layer) winding is placed in each excitation winding slot.

As shown in Figure 1, take a stator 6 slot/rotor 4 pole motor as an example, the magnetic flux reversal motor with magnetic field adjustment capability of the present invention includes a stator core 1 and a rotor core 5, and the rotor 5 is located inside the stator 1 (the rotor 5 is also It can be located outside the stator 1 to form an outer rotor structure), both the stator 1 and the rotor 5 are salient pole structures, and the stator core part is composed of a magnetic core, the stator has 6 teeth, and each stator tooth has a The small slot 6 is used to place the single-phase double-layer excitation winding 2, and the three-phase concentrated armature winding 4 and 12 permanent magnets 3 are arranged on the stator 1;

The A-phase first winding coil 411 and the second winding coil 412 of the concentrated winding 4 are diametrically opposite, and each winding coil is sleeved in the slots on both sides of each tooth in the stator 1, and the above two concentrated winding coils are reversely connected in series Or connected in parallel to form phase A;

The B-phase first winding coil 421 and the second winding coil 422 of the concentrated winding 4 are diametrically opposite, and each winding coil is sleeved in the slots on both sides of each tooth in the stator 1, and the above two concentrated winding coils are reversely connected in series Or connect in parallel to form phase B;

The C-phase first winding coil 431 and the second winding coil 432 of the concentrated winding 4 are diametrically opposite, and each winding coil is sleeved in the slots on both sides of each tooth in the stator 1, and the above two concentrated winding coils are reversely connected in series Or connect in parallel to form C phase;

The excitation winding 2 has a total of 6 concentrated coils, which are placed in the space 6 slotted by the air gap on each stator tooth surface, in a double-layer discharge mode. Wherein the first excitation winding coil 21, the second excitation winding coil 22, the third excitation winding coil 23, the fourth excitation winding coil 24, the fifth excitation winding coil 25, and the sixth excitation winding coil 26 are concentrated windings, straddling the In the slots of two adjacent stator teeth, two coils are distributed in each slot, which is a double-layer structure, and the two coils in the same slot are electrified with the same polarity. The above-mentioned 6 coils are sequentially connected end to end in series to form a single-phase double-layer excitation winding.

On the surface of the 6 teeth of the stator 1, 12 permanent magnets 3 are mounted sequentially, the polarity of the two permanent magnets under each stator tooth is opposite, and the polarity distribution of the two permanent magnets under two adjacent stator teeth is staggered, that is NS-SN-NS-SN-NS-SN.

When the motor rotor was at the position shown in Figure 1, the rotor 5 had a tooth and a permanent magnet 3 under the first concentrated armature coil 411 and the second concentrated armature coil 412 respectively, and according to the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet 3, the two The directions of the permanent magnetic fluxes in the two coils are opposite but the values are the same, and the value is the largest at this time. Therefore, if the electric excitation magnetic potential in the same direction as the permanent magnet magnetic potential is respectively applied through the first excitation winding coil 21 and the fourth excitation winding coil 24, then the turns can be added to the first concentrated armature coil 411 and the second concentrated electric field. The magnetic flux in the armature coil 412 increases the induced electric potential. On the contrary, if the current direction is changed so that the direction of the generated electric excitation flux is opposite to that of the permanent magnet flux, the synthetic flux linkage in the first concentrated armature coil 411 and the second concentrated armature coil 412 can be reduced, thereby reducing induced potential. The working principle of the B-phase and C-phase coils of the concentrated armature winding 4 is the same as above, which can greatly improve the controllability of the air-gap magnetic field of the motor, thereby improving the performance and working efficiency of the motor.

The rotor 5 can be a straight slot rotor, which ensures that the present invention can obtain static characteristics such as flux linkage and counter electromotive force very close to trapezoidal wave distribution under the condition of adopting concentrated winding and rotor without inclined slots, so that the present invention is more suitable for As an AC speed regulation system component of brushless DC drive. In addition, it is also possible to make a certain angle to the chute of the rotor 5 to obtain a relatively sinusoidal counter electromotive force, making the present invention suitable as an AC speed regulation system component in a brushless AC drive mode.

The permanent magnet 3 is ferrite, samarium cobalt or neodymium iron boron and other types of permanent magnet materials. Both the stator 1 and the salient pole rotor 5 can be made of silicon steel sheet punching and lamination. The slots 6 on the stator teeth are used for Place the field winding.

The excitation winding of the stator 6-slot/rotor 4-pole hybrid excitation flux reversal motor in Figure 2 adopts a single-layer structure, including stator core 1 and rotor core 5, and rotor 5 is located inside stator 1 (rotor 5 can also be located in stator 1, forming the outer rotor structure), both the stator 1 and the rotor 5 are salient pole structures, in which the stator core part is composed of a magnetic core, the stator has 6 teeth, and a small slot 6 is opened on each stator tooth In order to arrange single-phase single-layer excitation winding 2, three-phase concentrated armature winding 4 and 12 permanent magnets 3 are arranged on stator 1. The only difference from Fig. 1 is that the excitation winding 2 has 3 concentrated coils, which are placed in the space 6 slotted by the air gap on each stator tooth surface, and are arranged in a single layer. Among them, the first excitation winding coil 21, the second excitation winding coil 22, and the third excitation winding coil 23 are all concentrated windings, straddling the slots of two adjacent stator teeth, and one coil is distributed in each slot as a single layer . The above three coils are sequentially connected end to end in series to form a single-phase single-layer excitation winding. Its method of adjusting the magnetic field is similar to that of the double-layer excitation winding, and will not be repeated here.

Claims (4)

1. the magnetic flux reverse motor with magnetic field regulating power is characterized in that this motor comprises: fluting (6) on armature winding (4), rotor (5) and the stator tooth in stator (1), single-phase central excitation winding (2), permanent magnet (3), the three-phase set; Each stator tooth middle part has a groove (6) towards air gap and places single-phase central excitation winding (2); Be pasted with two mutually opposite permanent magnets of polarity (3) at each stator tooth towards air gap surface, four permanent magnet polarities below adjacent two stator tooths are interspersed, and promptly are NS-SN and distribute; Each coil of armature winding in the three-phase set (4) all is across on the stator tooth successively; Wherein, armature winding (4) one has 6 concentrated armature coils in the three-phase set, and first concentrates armature coil (411) and second to concentrate armature coil (412) radially relative, oppositely polyphone or and connect back composition A phase armature winding; The 3rd concentrates armature coil (421) and the 4th to concentrate armature coil (422) radially relative, oppositely polyphone or and connect back composition B phase armature winding; The 5th concentrates armature coil (431) and the 6th to concentrate armature coil (432) radially relative, oppositely polyphone or and connect back composition C phase winding; Excitation winding (2) has 6 central excitation coils when being double-deck, during for individual layer 3 central excitation coils, first excitation winding pole coil (21) wherein, second excitation winding pole coil (22), the 3rd excitation winding pole coil (23), the 4th excitation winding pole coil (24), the 5th excitation winding pole coil (25), the 6th excitation winding pole coil (26) is concentrated winding, be across in the groove (6) that adjacent two stator tooths open, can be distributed with two coils in each groove is double-decker, and two coil electricity polarity unanimities in the same groove, or the coil that only distributes in each groove is a single layer structure, above-mentioned several central excitation coils order head and the tail polyphone successively connect, and form single-phase excitation winding.

2. a kind of magnetic flux reverse motor with magnetic field regulating power according to claim 1 is characterized in that stator (1) is that magnetic conductive iron and permanent magnet (3) are assembled, and wherein permanent magnet (3) is mounted on the tooth surface of stator (1).

3. a kind of magnetic flux reverse motor with magnetic field regulating power according to claim 1 is characterized in that rotor (5) upward no permanent magnet and winding; Rotor is a straight trough, is suitable for the brushless direct-current operation; Or be skewed slot, be suitable for the brushless ac operation.

4. a kind of magnetic flux reverse motor with magnetic field regulating power according to claim 1 is characterized in that settling excitation winding (2) in stator (1) tooth is slotted (6); Excitation winding (2) is for concentrating winding, is bilayer or individual layer is arranged.

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