CN105811696B - Hybrid excitation type composite flux switching permanent magnet motor - Google Patents
Hybrid excitation type composite flux switching permanent magnet motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN105811696B CN105811696B CN201610267296.2A CN201610267296A CN105811696B CN 105811696 B CN105811696 B CN 105811696B CN 201610267296 A CN201610267296 A CN 201610267296A CN 105811696 B CN105811696 B CN 105811696B
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- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 abstract 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Nd] Chemical compound [B].[Fe].[Nd] QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KPLQYGBQNPPQGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt samarium Chemical compound [Co].[Sm] KPLQYGBQNPPQGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000938 samarium–cobalt magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003376 silicon Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/18—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/24—Rotor cores with salient poles ; Variable reluctance rotors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
- Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电机制造的技术领域,尤其涉及一种能够实现混合励磁功能的电机。The invention relates to the technical field of motor manufacturing, in particular to a motor capable of realizing a hybrid excitation function.
背景技术Background technique
随着能源危机的不断加剧,采用永磁励磁取代电励磁以节省能源消耗已成为全世界的共识,同时由于我国是世界上稀土资源最丰富的国家,开发研究和推广应用新型结构的稀土永磁电机,具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。特别是目前广泛研究的混合动力汽车,要求其中的电机驱动系统体积小、重量轻、效率高、可靠性强,免维护、转矩出力大、调速范围宽。然而,由于永磁电机自身存在气隙磁场无法调节的瓶颈,限制了其在混合动力汽车中的应用。With the intensification of the energy crisis, it has become the consensus of the world to use permanent magnet excitation instead of electric excitation to save energy consumption. At the same time, since my country is the country with the richest rare earth resources in the world, it is necessary to develop, research and promote the application of new structure rare earth permanent magnets. Motor has important theoretical significance and practical value. Especially for hybrid electric vehicles, which are widely studied at present, the motor drive system is required to be small in size, light in weight, high in efficiency, strong in reliability, free of maintenance, large in torque output, and wide in speed regulation range. However, the permanent magnet motor itself has the bottleneck that the air gap magnetic field cannot be adjusted, which limits its application in hybrid electric vehicles.
绝大多数的永磁电机空载永磁磁链都大于直轴电感与额定电流的乘积,永磁电机在恒转矩区的最大转矩和恒功率区的最高运行转速之间是一对无法调和的矛盾:一方面,增大永磁磁链固然可以提高电机的最大转矩输出能力,同时会限制电机的高速运行(由于不断增大的空载反电动势);另一方面,当逆变器的电流限额和电机的直轴电感固定时,减小永磁磁链有利于提高电机的恒功率运行范围但会限制转矩出力。因此,上述永磁电机的缺点成了限制其应用推广的瓶颈。而目前出现的以转子永磁型电机为原型的混合励磁电机大部分都将直流励磁绕组放置定子。为了给电励磁磁通提供一条不论是径向还是轴向与永磁磁通并行的路径,所提出的电机结构都非常复杂,不论从制造工艺还是成品化大规模生产而言,都面临巨大的挑战。混合励磁型的电机如果为了实现磁场的调节而从结构复杂度上需要做出重大牺牲,其竞争力将会大打折扣。The vast majority of permanent magnet motor no-load permanent magnet flux linkage is greater than the product of direct axis inductance and rated current, the maximum torque of permanent magnet motor in the constant torque region and the maximum operating speed in the constant power region are a pair that cannot Reconcile the contradiction: on the one hand, increasing the permanent magnet flux linkage can certainly improve the maximum torque output capability of the motor, but at the same time limit the high-speed operation of the motor (due to the increasing no-load back electromotive force); on the other hand, when the inverter When the current limit of the motor and the direct axis inductance of the motor are fixed, reducing the permanent magnet flux linkage is beneficial to improve the constant power operating range of the motor but will limit the torque output. Therefore, the above-mentioned shortcoming of the permanent magnet motor has become a bottleneck restricting its application and popularization. Most of the current hybrid excitation motors based on rotor permanent magnet motors place the DC excitation winding on the stator. In order to provide a path parallel to the permanent magnet flux in the radial or axial direction for the electric excitation flux, the proposed motor structure is very complicated, and it faces huge challenges in terms of manufacturing process and mass production of finished products. challenge. If a hybrid excitation motor needs to make a significant sacrifice in terms of structural complexity in order to achieve magnetic field adjustment, its competitiveness will be greatly reduced.
另一方面,从上个世纪末国际上陆续出现了三种新型结构的定子永磁型电机,即双凸极永磁电机、磁通切换永磁电机和磁通反向永磁电机,其结构共性为将永磁体和电枢绕组都置于定子,转子仅由硅钢片等软磁材料组成。针对前两者的混合励磁结构方案都已提出,本发明正是在磁通反向永磁电机结构基础之上提出一种新型结构的混合励磁型磁通反向电机,以避免出现复杂结构,而力图在保持纯永磁式电机基础之上不做重大修改即可实现混合励磁功能。On the other hand, since the end of the last century, three new stator permanent magnet motors have emerged in the world, namely double salient permanent magnet motors, flux switching permanent magnet motors and flux inversion permanent magnet motors. In order to place both permanent magnets and armature windings in the stator, the rotor is only made of soft magnetic materials such as silicon steel sheets. The mixed excitation structure schemes for the former two have been proposed. The present invention proposes a new type of hybrid excitation flux inversion motor based on the structure of the flux inversion permanent magnet motor to avoid complex structures. And try to realize the mixed excitation function without making major modifications on the basis of maintaining the pure permanent magnet motor.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是在磁通反向永磁电机结构基础之上提出一种新型结构的混合励磁型磁通反向电机,以避免出现复杂结构,而力图在保持纯永磁式电机基础之上不做重大修改即可实现混合励磁功能。The purpose of the invention is to propose a hybrid excitation type flux reversing motor with a novel structure on the basis of the structure of the flux reversing permanent magnet motor, so as to avoid complex structures and try to keep the pure permanent magnet motor on the basis of The hybrid excitation function can be realized without major modification.
本发明为实现上述目的所采用的技术方案是:混合励磁型复合磁通切换永磁电机,包括内转子3-1、内定子3-3、隔磁槽2-2、导磁桥2-1、外定子1-3和外转子1-1,外定子1-3位于外转子1-1的内部,组成外转子结构,外转子1-1和外定子1-3都为凸极结构,每个外定子齿上嵌套外电机永磁体1-2,外定子齿上设有外电机三相集中电枢绕组1-4;内转子3-1位于内定子3-3的内部,组成内转子结构,内转子3-1和内定子3-3均为凸极结构,每个内定子齿上嵌套内电机永磁体3-2,内定子齿上设有内电机三相集中电枢绕组3-4;导磁桥(2-1)和隔磁槽2-2间隔分布在外定子1-3和内定子3-3之间,隔磁槽2-2内设有励磁线圈2-3;每套定子含有内外两个定子,每套定子齿下的两块永磁体极性相反,相邻定子齿下的磁钢极性分布交错;隔磁槽2-2中每个励磁线圈2-3与相邻励磁线圈2-3反相串联,组成单相励磁绕组。The technical solution adopted by the present invention to achieve the above object is: a hybrid excitation type composite flux switching permanent magnet motor, including an inner rotor 3-1, an inner stator 3-3, a magnetic isolation slot 2-2, and a magnetic bridge 2-1 , the outer stator 1-3 and the outer rotor 1-1, the outer stator 1-3 is located inside the outer rotor 1-1 to form an outer rotor structure, the outer rotor 1-1 and the outer stator 1-3 are salient pole structures, each An outer stator tooth is nested with an outer motor permanent magnet 1-2, and the outer stator tooth is provided with an outer motor three-phase concentrated armature winding 1-4; the inner rotor 3-1 is located inside the inner stator 3-3, forming an inner rotor structure, the inner rotor 3-1 and the inner stator 3-3 are salient pole structures, each inner stator tooth is nested with an inner motor permanent magnet 3-2, and the inner stator teeth are provided with an inner motor three-phase concentrated armature winding 3 -4; The magnetic bridge (2-1) and the magnetic isolation slot 2-2 are distributed between the outer stator 1-3 and the inner stator 3-3, and the magnetic isolation slot 2-2 is provided with an excitation coil 2-3; each The set of stators contains two inner and outer stators. The polarities of the two permanent magnets under each set of stator teeth are opposite, and the polarity distribution of the magnetic steel under the adjacent stator teeth is staggered; each excitation coil 2-3 in the magnetic isolation slot 2-2 is connected to Adjacent excitation coils 2-3 are connected in series in antiphase to form a single-phase excitation winding.
所述导磁桥2-1由硅钢片叠压而成,其厚度为定子轭部厚度的1/3。The magnetic bridge 2-1 is made of laminated silicon steel sheets, and its thickness is 1/3 of the thickness of the stator yoke.
所述外电机三相集中电枢绕组1-4、内电机三相集中电枢绕组3-4和励磁线圈2-3均为集中绕组。The three-phase concentrated armature windings 1-4 of the outer motor, the three-phase concentrated armature windings 3-4 of the inner motor and the field coil 2-3 are all concentrated windings.
所述内转子3-1和外转子1-1为直槽或斜槽转子。The inner rotor 3-1 and the outer rotor 1-1 are straight-slot or skewed-slot rotors.
所述外定子1-3和内定子3-3均为导磁铁心和永磁体拼装而成,铁心部分由导磁铁心组成。Both the outer stator 1-3 and the inner stator 3-3 are assembled with a magnetically conductive core and a permanent magnet, and the iron core part is composed of a magnetically conductive core.
本发明的混合励磁型复合磁通切换永磁电机,一方面定子部分采用了集中电枢绕组,永磁体嵌套于定子齿上,转子部分为凸极,既无永磁体也无绕组,另一方面内外定子间集中励磁绕组安放在隔磁槽中,隔磁槽通过导磁桥相连接,结构非常坚固对称,一相电枢绕组的若干集中电枢线圈的电磁性能由相应的励磁绕组线圈通过励磁电流进行控制。在结构上保留了永磁磁通切换电机紧凑、简单、鲁棒性好、适于高速运行的优势;在性能上保留了永磁式电机转矩出力大、功率密度高、效率高的优势;增加的一套电励磁绕组即可隔磁又可调磁;电机中的电枢和励磁两套绕组都采用集中绕组,端部较短;与已有的混合励磁电机(包括转子永磁型和定子永磁型)相比结构简单,励磁绕组不会占用电枢绕组的槽面积,反而会双向调节电机磁场;特别适合于要求体积小出力大的应用场合,能够实现恒转矩区的大转矩和恒功率区的宽调速功能。In the hybrid excitation type composite flux switching permanent magnet motor of the present invention, on the one hand, the stator part adopts concentrated armature windings, the permanent magnets are nested on the stator teeth, and the rotor part is a salient pole without permanent magnets or windings. On the one hand, the concentrated excitation windings between the inner and outer stators are placed in the magnetic isolation slots, and the magnetic isolation slots are connected by magnetic bridges. Excitation current is controlled. In terms of structure, the permanent magnet flux switching motor has the advantages of being compact, simple, robust, and suitable for high-speed operation; in terms of performance, it retains the advantages of permanent magnet motor with large torque output, high power density, and high efficiency; An additional set of electric excitation windings can isolate and adjust the magnetic field; both the armature and the excitation windings in the motor are concentrated windings, and the ends are shorter; it is compatible with the existing hybrid excitation motors (including rotor permanent magnet type and Stator permanent magnet type) is simpler in structure than the field winding, which will not occupy the slot area of the armature winding, but will adjust the motor magnetic field bidirectionally; it is especially suitable for applications requiring small volume and large output, and can realize large rotation in the constant torque area Wide speed regulation function in torque and constant power area.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明混合励磁型复合磁通切换永磁电机结构图。Fig. 1 is a structure diagram of a hybrid excitation compound flux switching permanent magnet motor of the present invention.
图2是本发明混合励磁型复合磁通切换永磁电机原理图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid excitation compound flux switching permanent magnet motor of the present invention.
图中:外转子1-1、外电机永磁体1-2、外定子1-3、外电机三相集中电枢绕组1-4、导磁桥2-1、隔磁槽2-2、励磁线圈2-3,内转子3-1、内电机永磁体3-2、内定子3-3、内电机三相集中电枢绕组3-4、外部结构永磁磁通路径4-1、外部结构励磁磁通路径4-2、内部结构永磁磁通路径5-1、内部结构励磁磁通路径5-2。In the figure: outer rotor 1-1, outer motor permanent magnet 1-2, outer stator 1-3, outer motor three-phase concentrated armature winding 1-4, magnetic bridge 2-1, magnetic isolation slot 2-2, excitation Coil 2-3, inner rotor 3-1, inner motor permanent magnet 3-2, inner stator 3-3, inner motor three-phase concentrated armature winding 3-4, outer structure permanent magnet flux path 4-1, outer structure Excitation flux path 4-2, internal structure permanent magnet flux path 5-1, internal structure excitation flux path 5-2.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明的混合励磁型复合磁通切换永磁电机结构如图1所示,包括:定子,永磁体,三相集中电枢绕组,单相集中励磁绕组,隔磁槽2-2,导磁桥2-1和转子,其结构可等效为通过导磁桥和隔磁槽连接的两个永磁磁通切换电机的复合体,结构由内而外分别为:内转子3-1、内定子3-3、隔磁槽2-2、导磁桥2-1、外定子1-3和外转子1-1,外定子1-3位于外转子1-1的内部,组成外转子结构,外转子1-1和外定子1-3都为凸极结构,其中外定子铁心部分由导磁铁心组成,每个定子齿上嵌套外电机永磁体1-2,并且在外定子齿上设置有外电机三相集中电枢绕组1-4;导磁桥2-1和隔磁槽2-2间隔分布在外定子1-3和内定子3-3之间,隔磁槽2-2内安放励磁线圈2-3;内转子3-1位于内定子3-3的内部,组成内转子结构,内转子3-1和内定子3-3都为凸极结构,其中内定子铁心部分由导磁铁心组成,每个定子齿上嵌套内电机永磁体3-2,并且在内定子齿上设置有内电机三相集中电枢绕组3-4。隔磁槽2-2和导磁桥2-1间隔分布在内定子3-3和外定子1-3之间。每套定子含有内外两个定子,如定子齿A1和定子齿a1。每个定子铁心中嵌有永磁体,每套定子齿下的两块永磁体极性相反,而相邻定子齿下的磁钢极性分布交错,即第一套定子齿下永磁体极性分布若为N-S,则与之相邻的那套定子齿下的永磁体极性为S-N。导磁槽中安放励磁线圈,达到隔磁和调磁的作用。若内外定子齿数都为P s ,则一共有2P s 块永磁体嵌套于定子齿,一共有P s 个隔磁槽提供给励磁绕组。每套三相集中电枢绕组的各线圈均横跨于每套定子齿上,其中,以外定子为例,三相集中电枢绕组一共有P s 个集中电枢线圈以ABC三相的顺序依次交替分布,每相由P s /3个电枢线圈组成,属于同相的各个线圈空间彼此相差1080o/P s (空间机械角度)。若以一台定子12个槽,转子10个极的混合励磁复合磁通切换永磁电机为例,则第一集中电枢线圈、第四集中电枢线圈、第七集中电枢线圈及第十集中电枢线圈(空间相差90o),顺序串连(或并连)后组成A相电枢绕组;则第二集中电枢线圈、第五集中电枢线圈、第八集中电枢线圈及第十一集中电枢线圈(空间相差90o),顺序串连(或并连)后组成B相电枢绕组;则第三集中电枢线圈、第六集中电枢线圈、第九集中电枢线圈及第十二集中电枢线圈(空间相差90o),顺序串连(或并连)后组成C相电枢绕组;对于组成A相的4个电枢绕组线圈而言,四个集中线圈在任何转子位置,其绕组中匝链的磁链数量相同方向相同,直接向串连组成A相,对B相和C相情况类似。电枢绕组为集中绕组,励磁绕组亦为集中绕组,隔磁槽中每个集中励磁线圈与相邻励磁线圈反相串联,组成单相励磁绕组。内外定子均为导磁铁心和永磁体拼装而成。导磁桥由硅钢片叠压而成,其厚度一般设计为定子轭部厚度的1/3。转子为直槽或斜槽转子,转子上既无永磁体也无绕组。永磁体是铁氧体、钐钴或者钕铁硼等其他类型永磁材料。The hybrid excitation type composite flux switching permanent magnet motor of the present invention has a structure as shown in Figure 1, comprising: a stator, a permanent magnet, a three-phase concentrated armature winding, a single-phase concentrated excitation winding, a magnetic isolation slot 2-2, and a magnetic bridge 2-1 and the rotor, its structure can be equivalent to a composite of two permanent magnet flux switching motors connected by a magnetic bridge and a magnetic isolation slot, and the structures from inside to outside are: inner rotor 3-1, inner stator 3-3, magnetic isolation slot 2-2, magnetic bridge 2-1, outer stator 1-3 and outer rotor 1-1, outer stator 1-3 is located inside outer rotor 1-1, forming an outer rotor structure, outer Both the rotor 1-1 and the outer stator 1-3 have a salient pole structure, wherein the outer stator core part is composed of a magnetic core, and each stator tooth is nested with an outer motor permanent magnet 1-2, and an outer stator tooth is provided with an outer The three-phase concentrated armature winding 1-4 of the motor; the magnetic bridge 2-1 and the magnetic isolation slot 2-2 are distributed between the outer stator 1-3 and the inner stator 3-3 at intervals, and the excitation coil is placed in the magnetic isolation slot 2-2 2-3; the inner rotor 3-1 is located inside the inner stator 3-3 to form an inner rotor structure, both the inner rotor 3-1 and the inner stator 3-3 are salient pole structures, and the inner stator core part is composed of a magnetic core , each stator tooth is nested with an inner motor permanent magnet 3-2, and an inner motor three-phase concentrated armature winding 3-4 is arranged on the inner stator tooth. The magnetic isolation slot 2-2 and the magnetic bridge 2-1 are spaced and distributed between the inner stator 3-3 and the outer stator 1-3. Each set of stators contains two inner and outer stators, such as stator tooth A1 and stator tooth a1. There are permanent magnets embedded in each stator core, the polarity of the two permanent magnets under each set of stator teeth is opposite, and the polarity distribution of the magnetic steel under the adjacent stator teeth is staggered, that is, the polarity distribution of the permanent magnets under the first set of stator teeth If it is NS, then the polarity of the permanent magnet under the adjacent set of stator teeth is SN. The excitation coil is placed in the magnetic groove to achieve the functions of magnetic isolation and magnetic adjustment. If the number of inner and outer stator teeth is P s , there are a total of 2 P s permanent magnets nested in the stator teeth, and a total of P s magnetic isolation slots are provided for the field winding. The coils of each set of three-phase concentrated armature windings span across each set of stator teeth. Taking the outer stator as an example, the three-phase concentrated armature windings have a total of P s concentrated armature coils in the order of ABC three-phase Alternately distributed, each phase is composed of P s /3 armature coils, and the coils belonging to the same phase are spatially different from each other by 1080 o / P s (spatial mechanical angle). If a hybrid excitation composite flux switching permanent magnet motor with 12 slots in the stator and 10 poles in the rotor is taken as an example, the first concentrated armature coil, the fourth concentrated armature coil, the seventh concentrated armature coil and the tenth concentrated armature coil Concentrated armature coils (with a space difference of 90 o ) are sequentially connected in series (or in parallel) to form A-phase armature windings; then the second concentrated armature coil, the fifth concentrated armature coil, the eighth concentrated armature coil and the Eleven concentrated armature coils (space difference 90o ), sequentially connected in series (or parallel) to form B-phase armature winding; then the third concentrated armature coil, the sixth concentrated armature coil, the ninth concentrated armature coil and the twelfth concentrated armature coil (with a space difference of 90 o ), which are sequentially connected in series (or in parallel) to form the C-phase armature winding; for the 4 armature winding coils forming the A-phase, the four concentrated coils are in For any rotor position, the number of flux linkages in the windings is the same and the direction is the same, and they are directly connected in series to form phase A, and the situation for phase B and phase C is similar. The armature winding is a concentrated winding, and the excitation winding is also a concentrated winding. Each concentrated excitation coil in the magnetic isolation slot is connected in reverse phase with an adjacent excitation coil to form a single-phase excitation winding. The inner and outer stators are assembled with permeable core and permanent magnet. The magnetic bridge is made of laminated silicon steel sheets, and its thickness is generally designed to be 1/3 of the thickness of the stator yoke. The rotor is a straight slot or inclined slot rotor with neither permanent magnets nor windings on the rotor. Permanent magnets are ferrite, samarium cobalt or neodymium iron boron and other types of permanent magnet materials.
在励磁绕组不通电流时,由于导磁桥2-1厚度极薄,永磁磁势较大,导磁桥2-1极易导到饱和,此时该结构可看成相互独立的两个永磁磁通切换电机。本发明在内外定子间增加了隔磁槽2-2和导磁桥2-1,并在隔磁槽2-2中安放励磁线圈2-3,可以起到弱磁扩速的效果。给励磁线圈2-3通入相应直流励磁电流,使其产生与导磁桥2-1中永磁磁势方向相反的电励磁磁势,此时永磁磁势在保证导磁桥饱和的同时,还需抵消与其方向相反的电励磁磁势,因此,定子中的永磁磁链将被削弱。通过调节隔磁槽2-2槽面积和励磁电流密度的大小,可调节电励磁磁势大小,从而可以根据设计者要求,达到调磁扩速目的,克服纯永磁式电机中的缺点。When the excitation winding does not pass current, because the magnetic bridge 2-1 is extremely thin and the permanent magnetic potential is relatively large, the magnetic bridge 2-1 is very easy to lead to saturation. At this time, the structure can be regarded as two independent permanent magnets. Flux switching motors. In the present invention, a magnetic isolation slot 2-2 and a magnetic bridge 2-1 are added between the inner and outer stators, and an excitation coil 2-3 is placed in the magnetic isolation slot 2-2, so that the effect of magnetic field weakening and speed expansion can be achieved. Feed the corresponding DC excitation current to the excitation coil 2-3 to make it generate an electric excitation magnetic potential opposite to the direction of the permanent magnetic potential in the magnetic bridge 2-1. At this time, the permanent magnetic potential ensures the saturation of the magnetic bridge. , it is also necessary to cancel the electric excitation magnetic potential in the opposite direction, so the permanent magnet flux linkage in the stator will be weakened. By adjusting the area of the magnetic isolation slot 2-2 and the size of the excitation current density, the size of the electric excitation magnetic potential can be adjusted, so that the purpose of magnetic adjustment and speed expansion can be achieved according to the designer's requirements, and the shortcomings of the pure permanent magnet motor can be overcome.
如图1以一台内外定/转子均为12槽/10极电机为例,外定子1-3有12个齿,每个定子齿上嵌套外电机永磁体1-2,并且在外定子齿上设置有外电机三相集中电枢绕组1-4;内定子3-3有12个齿,每个定子齿上嵌套内电机永磁体3-2,并且在内定子齿上设置有内电机三相集中电枢绕组3-4;外电机电枢绕组1-4的A相四个绕组线圈分别套于外定子1-3中每个齿的两侧槽中,且四个集中绕组线圈同向串连组成A相;外电机电枢绕组1-4的B相四个绕组线圈分别套于外定子1-3中每个齿的两侧槽中,且四个集中绕组线圈同向串连组成A相;外电机电枢绕组1-4的C相四个绕组线圈分别套于外定子1-3中每个齿的两侧槽中,且四个集中绕组线圈同向串连组成A相;内电机电枢绕组3-4的A相四个绕组线圈分别套于外定子3-3中每个齿的两侧槽中,且四个集中绕组线圈同向串连组成A相;内电机电枢绕组3-4的B相四个绕组线圈分别套于外定子3-3中每个齿的两侧槽中,且四个集中绕组线圈同向串连组成B相;内电机电枢绕组3-4的C相四个绕组线圈分别套于外定子3-3中每个齿的两侧槽中,且四个集中绕组线圈同向串连组成C相;励磁绕组2-3一共有12个集中线圈,置于内外定子齿间的隔磁槽中。每个隔磁槽中的两个线圈通电极性一致,相邻的12个励磁绕组一次反相串联连接,组成单相双层励磁绕组。在内外定子1-3、3-3均含有12个定子齿,每个定子嵌套了永磁体,每套定子齿下的永磁体极性相反,即同一径向上的内定子和外定子所嵌套的永磁体极性相反。并且,切向相邻的永磁体极性相反。As shown in Figure 1, take a motor with 12 slots/10 poles both inside and outside the stator/rotor as an example. The outer stator 1-3 has 12 teeth, and each stator tooth is nested with the permanent magnet 1-2 of the outer motor, and the outer stator teeth There are three-phase concentrated armature windings 1-4 of the outer motor; the inner stator 3-3 has 12 teeth, each stator tooth is nested with the permanent magnet 3-2 of the inner motor, and an inner motor is arranged on the inner stator teeth Three-phase concentrated armature winding 3-4; the four winding coils of phase A of the outer motor armature winding 1-4 are respectively placed in the slots on both sides of each tooth in the outer stator 1-3, and the four concentrated winding coils are in the same direction Phase A is formed in series; the four winding coils of phase B of the armature windings 1-4 of the outer motor are respectively placed in the slots on both sides of each tooth in the outer stator 1-3, and the four concentrated winding coils are connected in series in the same direction to form A phase; the four winding coils of the C phase of the armature winding 1-4 of the outer motor are respectively placed in the slots on both sides of each tooth in the outer stator 1-3, and the four concentrated winding coils are connected in series in the same direction to form the A phase; The four winding coils of the A phase of the motor armature winding 3-4 are respectively placed in the slots on both sides of each tooth in the outer stator 3-3, and the four concentrated winding coils are connected in series in the same direction to form the A phase; the inner motor armature winding The four winding coils of the B phase of 3-4 are respectively placed in the slots on both sides of each tooth in the outer stator 3-3, and the four concentrated winding coils are connected in series in the same direction to form the B phase; the inner motor armature winding 3-4 The four winding coils of the C phase are respectively placed in the slots on both sides of each tooth in the outer stator 3-3, and the four concentrated winding coils are connected in series in the same direction to form the C phase; the excitation winding 2-3 has a total of 12 concentrated coils , placed in the magnetic isolation slot between the inner and outer stator teeth. The polarities of the two coils in each magnetic separation slot are the same, and the 12 adjacent excitation windings are connected in series in reverse phase at one time to form a single-phase double-layer excitation winding. Both the inner and outer stators 1-3 and 3-3 contain 12 stator teeth, each stator is embedded with permanent magnets, and the polarities of the permanent magnets under each set of stator teeth are opposite, that is, the inner stator and the outer stator on the same radial direction are embedded The sets of permanent magnets are of opposite polarity. Also, tangentially adjacent permanent magnets are opposite in polarity.
如图2所示,当电机转子在此位置时,内外转子均有一个齿与定子齿相对齐,根据永磁体的磁化方向,两个电枢线圈中的永磁磁通方向数值最大。因此,若通过磁绕组线圈施加与永磁磁势方向相反的电励磁磁势,使产生的电励磁磁通与永磁磁通方向相反,则可以同时减小内外电枢线圈中的合成磁链,进而减小电枢绕组中感应的电势。如图2中永磁磁链4-1所示,当电机转子在图2所示位置时,以外电机为例,外定子1-3有一个齿与外转子1-1的转子齿相对,根据永磁体的磁化方向判别,线圈中匝链的永磁磁通穿出该定子齿,经过气隙穿入转子极,此时永磁磁通数值最大。给励磁绕组通入弱磁电流,将产生与永磁磁势相反的电励磁磁链,如图2中励磁磁链4-2所示,励磁磁链穿出转子齿,经过气隙,穿入定子,减小了电枢线圈所匝链的磁通量,从而减小了感应出的电势。同样,内部结构具有相同的工作原理。同时采用电励磁和永磁体作为电机的励磁源,可以大大提高电机气隙磁场可控性,从而提高电机性能和工作效率。As shown in Figure 2, when the motor rotor is in this position, both the inner and outer rotors have a tooth that is aligned with the stator teeth. According to the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet, the permanent magnet flux direction in the two armature coils has the largest value. Therefore, if the electric excitation magnetic potential opposite to the direction of the permanent magnetic field is applied through the magnetic winding coil, so that the direction of the generated electric excitation magnetic flux is opposite to that of the permanent magnetic flux, the synthetic flux linkage in the inner and outer armature coils can be reduced at the same time , thereby reducing the potential induced in the armature winding. As shown in the permanent magnet flux linkage 4-1 in Figure 2, when the motor rotor is in the position shown in Figure 2, take the outer motor as an example, the outer stator 1-3 has a tooth that is opposite to the rotor tooth of the outer rotor 1-1, according to The magnetization direction of the permanent magnet is judged. The permanent magnetic flux of the turn chain in the coil passes through the stator tooth and penetrates into the rotor pole through the air gap. At this time, the permanent magnetic flux value is the largest. Passing a weak magnetic current to the excitation winding will generate an electric excitation flux linkage opposite to the permanent magnet magnetic potential, as shown in the excitation flux linkage 4-2 in Figure 2, the excitation flux linkage passes through the rotor teeth, passes through the air gap, and penetrates into the stator. The sub, which reduces the magnetic flux linked by the armature coil, thereby reducing the induced potential. Again, the internals have the same working principle. At the same time, electric excitation and permanent magnet are used as the excitation source of the motor, which can greatly improve the controllability of the air gap magnetic field of the motor, thereby improving the performance and working efficiency of the motor.
内外结构的永磁体1-2、3-2是铁氧体、钐钴或者钕铁硼等其他类型永磁材料,内外定子1-3、3-3,内外转子1-1、3-1以及导磁桥都可以采用硅钢片冲片压叠制成,内外定子间开出的隔磁槽2-2用于放置励磁绕组。The permanent magnets 1-2 and 3-2 of the inner and outer structures are ferrite, samarium cobalt or neodymium iron boron and other types of permanent magnet materials, the inner and outer stators 1-3, 3-3, the inner and outer rotors 1-1, 3-1 and The magnetic bridge can be made of silicon steel sheet punched and laminated, and the magnetic isolation slot 2-2 opened between the inner and outer stators is used to place the excitation winding.
此外,该电机结构上的特点导致其空载气隙磁通密度较大,电机具有较强的转矩输出能力,功率密度较高;同时,电枢绕组与励磁绕组都是集中绕组,端部短,电阻较小,效率较高。In addition, the characteristics of the structure of the motor lead to a large no-load air gap flux density, and the motor has a strong torque output capability and a high power density; at the same time, the armature winding and the field winding are concentrated windings, and the end Short, small resistance, high efficiency.
本发明是通过实施例进行描述的,本领域技术人员知悉,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可以对这些特征和实施例进行各种改变或等效替换。另外,在本发明的教导下,可以对这些特征和实施例进行修改以适应具体的情况及材料而不会脱离本发明的精神和范围。因此,本发明不受此处所公开的具体实施例的限制,所有落入本申请的权利要求范围内的实施例都属于本发明的保护范围。The present invention has been described by means of embodiments, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes or equivalent substitutions can be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. In addition, the features and examples may be modified to adapt a particular situation and material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed here, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of the present application belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
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CN101834474A (en) * | 2010-03-17 | 2010-09-15 | 常州工学院 | Multi-tooth magnetic bridge hybrid excitation flux switching motor |
CN102832771B (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2015-02-18 | 东南大学 | Combined-type flux switching permanent magnet motor |
CN104362822B (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2017-02-22 | 东南大学 | Self-flux-weakening composite flux-switching permanent-magnet motor |
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2016
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