CN201381910Y - Endothermic regenerative internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Endothermic regenerative internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN201381910Y CN201381910Y CN200920110908U CN200920110908U CN201381910Y CN 201381910 Y CN201381910 Y CN 201381910Y CN 200920110908 U CN200920110908 U CN 200920110908U CN 200920110908 U CN200920110908 U CN 200920110908U CN 201381910 Y CN201381910 Y CN 201381910Y
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 96
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
吸热回能式内燃机。本实用新型涉及一种内燃机的冷却回能装置,具体是一种利用余热回收进行膨胀做功的改进的内燃机装置,属于内燃机技术领域。本装置的燃气气缸套在同轴向的高压气气缸内,同轴向的压缩气气缸反向设置在燃气气缸下方,并且压缩气气缸的活塞连杆和燃气气缸套的活塞连杆互成180°共同装在曲轴上,燃气气缸套的活塞及连杆与高压气气缸的活塞及连杆连成一体,压缩气气缸的排气口通过高压储气管连接到高压气气缸的进气口。本回能装置通过四个冲程的进行,可以将气缸壁和燃气剩余的热量大部分回收掉,内燃机的热效率可以提高大约30%。
Endothermic regenerative internal combustion engine. The utility model relates to a cooling energy recovery device for an internal combustion engine, in particular to an improved internal combustion engine device which utilizes waste heat recovery to perform expansion work, and belongs to the technical field of internal combustion engines. The gas cylinder liner of this device is in the coaxial high-pressure gas cylinder, and the coaxial compressed gas cylinder is reversely arranged under the gas cylinder, and the piston connecting rod of the compressed gas cylinder and the piston connecting rod of the gas cylinder liner are 180 degrees apart. °Together installed on the crankshaft, the piston and connecting rod of the gas cylinder liner are integrated with the piston and connecting rod of the high-pressure gas cylinder, and the exhaust port of the compressed gas cylinder is connected to the intake port of the high-pressure gas cylinder through a high-pressure gas storage pipe. The energy recuperation device can recover most of the remaining heat of the cylinder wall and gas through four strokes, and the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine can be increased by about 30%.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本实用新型涉及一种内燃机的冷却回能装置,具体是一种利用余热回收进行膨胀做功的改进的内燃机装置,属于内燃机技术领域。The utility model relates to a cooling energy recovery device of an internal combustion engine, in particular to an improved internal combustion engine device which utilizes waste heat recovery to perform expansion work, and belongs to the technical field of internal combustion engines.
背景技术 Background technique
现有的内燃机约有30%的热能通过废气排出,约35%的热能通过冷却系统的水带走,总计约近70%的热能是不能做功的,因此热能的转换效率是很低的。目前对于提高内燃机的热能的转换效率的研究很多,但已知的各种技术都较复杂,成本也较高,如何简单方便地利用这些热能来做功是一个亟待解决的问题。About 30% of the heat energy of the existing internal combustion engine is exhausted through the exhaust gas, and about 35% of the heat energy is taken away by the water in the cooling system. A total of about 70% of the heat energy cannot do work, so the conversion efficiency of heat energy is very low. At present, there are many studies on improving the heat energy conversion efficiency of internal combustion engines, but the known technologies are relatively complicated and costly. How to use these heat energy to do work simply and conveniently is an urgent problem to be solved.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本实用新型所要解决的技术问题是提供一种吸热回能式内燃机,其结构较简单,制造成本较低,可吸收内燃机气缸壁和废气中的热量,实现节能的目的,内燃机的热效率可大幅提高。The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a heat-absorbing energy recovery type internal combustion engine, which has a relatively simple structure and low manufacturing cost, can absorb the heat in the cylinder wall of the internal combustion engine and exhaust gas, and realize the purpose of energy saving. The thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine can be greatly improved improve.
解决本实用新型的技术问题所采用的方案是:该内燃机在现有的燃气内燃机的基础上进行改进,将原来的内燃机单一缸体变为直列式三个气缸构成,即燃气气缸套在同轴向的高压气气缸内,同轴向的压缩气气缸反向设置在燃气气缸下方,并且压缩气气缸的活塞连杆和燃气气缸套的活塞连杆互成180°共同装在曲轴上,燃气气缸套的活塞及连杆与高压气气缸的活塞及连杆连成一体,压缩气气缸的排气口通过高压储气管连接到高压气气缸的进气口。The solution adopted to solve the technical problems of the utility model is: the internal combustion engine is improved on the basis of the existing gas internal combustion engine, and the original single cylinder of the internal combustion engine is changed into an in-line three cylinder configuration, that is, the gas cylinder liner is coaxial In the high-pressure gas cylinder, the coaxial compressed gas cylinder is reversely arranged under the gas cylinder, and the piston connecting rod of the compressed gas cylinder and the piston connecting rod of the gas cylinder liner are installed on the crankshaft at an angle of 180° to each other. The piston and the connecting rod of the sleeve are integrated with the piston and the connecting rod of the high-pressure gas cylinder, and the exhaust port of the compressed gas cylinder is connected to the air inlet of the high-pressure gas cylinder through the high-pressure gas storage pipe.
在所述的燃气气缸与高压气气缸之间,安装了螺旋热气管,该管与燃气气缸的排气口连通,成为排气管。燃烧后的废气进入螺旋热气管内,经过高压气气缸后穿过缸壁将热气排出至大气,因此高压的冷空气可在高压气气缸得到来自燃气气缸壁和燃烧废气的热能,与燃气气缸中的燃气一起做功。Between the gas cylinder and the high-pressure gas cylinder, a spiral hot gas pipe is installed, which communicates with the exhaust port of the gas cylinder to become an exhaust pipe. The exhaust gas after combustion enters the spiral hot air pipe, passes through the cylinder wall of the high-pressure gas cylinder and discharges the hot gas to the atmosphere, so the high-pressure cold air can obtain heat energy from the cylinder wall of the gas cylinder and the combustion exhaust gas in the high-pressure gas cylinder, and the heat energy in the cylinder of the gas cylinder The gas works together.
与传统的气缸原理相似,本装置的高压气气缸的进气口处也设置有高压进气阀,而排气口处设置有排气阀;在压缩气气缸的排气口处设置有压气单向阀,而在进气口处设置有进气单向阀。Similar to the principle of the traditional cylinder, the high-pressure air cylinder of this device is also provided with a high-pressure intake valve at the air inlet, and an exhaust valve at the exhaust port; There is a one-way valve, and an intake check valve is arranged at the air inlet.
本实用新型上述的高压储气管采用一系列平行的金属管连接成,并且压缩气气缸的压气总量体积与高压储气管总的空腔体积之比≥4,即空压比在4以上,因此可获得合适的热能回收效率。The above-mentioned high-pressure gas storage pipe of the utility model is connected by a series of parallel metal pipes, and the ratio of the total volume of compressed gas in the compressed gas cylinder to the total cavity volume of the high-pressure gas storage pipe is ≥4, that is, the air pressure ratio is above 4, so Appropriate heat recovery efficiency can be obtained.
所述的高压气气缸与压缩气气缸之间由机体外壳连接,机体外壳上设置有通气孔,可使本装置的结构更加紧凑,并且又可使高压气气缸和压缩气气缸的活塞运动阻力减小。本回能装置的压缩气气缸的缸壁上装有一系列散热片,可尽量使其产生的高压空气温度降低,从而提高高压气气缸的工作效率。燃气气缸套的活塞连杆与高压气气缸的活塞连杆采用同一根连杆,且用活塞销铰接在燃气做功活塞与高压气做功活塞相连的位置,使本装置结构紧凑,受力更佳。The high-pressure air cylinder and the compressed air cylinder are connected by a body shell, and the body shell is provided with vent holes, which can make the structure of the device more compact, and can reduce the piston movement resistance of the high-pressure air cylinder and the compressed air cylinder. Small. The cylinder wall of the compressed air cylinder of the energy recovery device is equipped with a series of heat sinks, which can reduce the temperature of the high-pressure air produced by it as much as possible, thereby improving the working efficiency of the high-pressure air cylinder. The piston connecting rod of the gas cylinder liner and the piston connecting rod of the high-pressure gas cylinder adopt the same connecting rod, and the piston pin is hinged at the position where the gas working piston and the high-pressure gas working piston are connected, so that the structure of the device is compact and the force is better.
为了增加高压气的冷却效果,本方案中内燃机主轴与安装正对高压储气管位置的风扇传动连接。In order to increase the cooling effect of the high-pressure gas, the main shaft of the internal combustion engine in this scheme is connected to the fan drive installed at the position facing the high-pressure gas storage pipe.
本实用新型的有益效果是:采用高压冷空气进行吸热膨胀做功来吸收内燃机气缸壁和废气中的热量,实现节能的目的。内燃机的热效率可以大幅提高,同时可不再使用水冷系统。降低生产成本。The beneficial effect of the utility model is that the heat in the cylinder wall of the internal combustion engine and the exhaust gas is absorbed by using the high-pressure cold air to perform heat-absorbing expansion and work, so as to realize the purpose of energy saving. The thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine can be greatly increased, while water cooling systems can be eliminated. reduce manufacturing cost.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型内燃机运动到上止点的结构示意图;Fig. 1 is the structural representation that internal-combustion engine of the present invention moves to top dead center;
图2为本实用新型内燃机做功状态示意图;Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the working state of the internal combustion engine of the present invention;
图3为本实用新型内燃机运动到下止点的状态示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the state of the internal combustion engine moving to the bottom dead center of the utility model.
图1中各标号依次表示:1、进气口,2、进气门,3、排气门,4、排气口,5、排气管接头,6、排气阀,7、高压储气管,8、高压进气阀,9、高压进气管,10、螺旋热气管,11、燃气做功活塞,12、活塞销,13、热气排气口,14、高压气做功活塞,15、做功活塞连杆,16、机体外壳,17、通气孔,18、曲轴,19、压气活塞连杆,20、压气活塞,21、散热片,22、压气活塞销,23、压气单向阀,24、高压进气管,25、进气单向阀,26、高压气气缸,27、燃气气缸,28、压缩气气缸,29、风扇。The labels in Fig. 1 represent in turn: 1, air inlet, 2, air intake valve, 3, exhaust valve, 4, exhaust port, 5, exhaust pipe joint, 6, exhaust valve, 7, high-pressure gas storage pipe , 8, high-pressure intake valve, 9, high-pressure intake pipe, 10, spiral hot gas pipe, 11, gas acting piston, 12, piston pin, 13, hot gas exhaust port, 14, high-pressure gas acting piston, 15, acting piston connecting Rod, 16, body shell, 17, air vent, 18, crankshaft, 19, compressor piston connecting rod, 20, compressor piston, 21, cooling fin, 22, compressor piston pin, 23, compressor check valve, 24, high pressure inlet Trachea, 25, intake check valve, 26, high pressure gas cylinder, 27, gas cylinder, 28, compressed gas cylinder, 29, fan.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments.
该内燃机在现有的内燃机的基础上进行改进,由单一的燃气气缸28变为直列式三个气缸构成,即燃气气缸27、高压气气缸26和压缩气气缸28。通过四个冲程的进行,可以将气缸壁和燃气剩余的热量大部分回收掉。This internal-combustion engine is improved on the basis of existing internal-combustion engines, and becomes three in-line cylinders by single gas cylinder 28 and constitutes, namely gas cylinder 27, high-pressure gas cylinder 26 and compressed gas cylinder 28. Through four strokes, most of the remaining heat of the cylinder wall and gas can be recovered.
1.吸气冲程:燃气做功活塞11向下运动,进气门2打开,通过进气口1吸入空气。与此同时,与燃气做功活塞11相连的高压气做功活塞14也同时向下运动,高压进气阀8打开,吸入高压储气管7的高压空气,高压空气吸收燃气气缸27的缸壁和燃烧热气排气管的热量,膨胀做功,推动高压气做功活塞14向下运动做功。上方两活塞在向下运动时,通过活塞连杆15和曲轴18传递,压气活塞20向上运动,进入到吸气阶段,压气单向阀23关闭,进气单向阀25打开。运动到下止点,两个进气阀关闭,开始进入压缩冲程。1. Suction stroke: The gas working piston 11 moves downward, the intake valve 2 opens, and air is sucked in through the intake port 1. At the same time, the high-pressure gas working piston 14 connected to the gas working piston 11 also moves downward, the high-pressure intake valve 8 is opened, and the high-pressure air sucked into the high-pressure gas storage pipe 7, the high-pressure air absorbs the cylinder wall of the gas cylinder 27 and the combustion hot gas The heat of the exhaust pipe expands and does work, and promotes the high-pressure gas work piston 14 to move downward and do work. When the top two pistons are moving downward, they are transmitted by the piston connecting rod 15 and the crankshaft 18, and the compressor piston 20 moves upwards to enter the suction stage, the compressor check valve 23 is closed, and the intake check valve 25 is opened. Moving to the bottom dead center, the two intake valves are closed and the compression stroke begins.
2.压缩冲程:燃气做功活塞11向上运动,进气门2和排气门3关闭。与此同时,高压进气阀8关闭,排气阀6打开,与燃气做功活塞11相连的高压气做功活塞14也同时向上运动,将高压空气膨胀做功后的废气通过排气阀6排出。上方两气缸在向上运动时,通过活塞连杆15,压气活塞20向下运动,进入到压气阶段,压气单向阀23打开,进气单向阀25关闭。空气通过高压进气管24被压入到高压储气管7中。2. Compression stroke: the gas working piston 11 moves upward, and the intake valve 2 and exhaust valve 3 are closed. At the same time, the high-pressure intake valve 8 is closed, the exhaust valve 6 is opened, and the high-pressure gas working piston 14 connected to the gas working piston 11 also moves upwards simultaneously, and the exhaust gas after the high-pressure air expands and works is discharged through the exhaust valve 6. When the two cylinders above move upwards, the compressed air piston 20 moves downward through the piston connecting rod 15 and enters the compressed air stage, the compressed air check valve 23 is opened, and the intake check valve 25 is closed. Air is pressed into the high-pressure air storage pipe 7 through the high-pressure air intake pipe 24 .
这里,高压储气管7由多根金属并列连接而成,其总的空腔体积为v=nπr2l,r是高压储气管空腔内壁半径,l是高压储气管总长;压气总量V=πR2L,,这里R为压气活塞半径,L为压气活塞行程。于是,空压比为ε=V/v≥4,热能回收效率与空压比成正比。由于高压储气管管壁较厚,耐压能力较强,可防止漏气;由多根金属并列连接而成,可以及时散热,将压缩空气发出的热量及时散去,以保证高压气的温度较低,便于吸热膨胀做功。Here, the high-pressure gas storage pipe 7 is formed by connecting multiple metals in parallel, and its total cavity volume is v=nπr 2 l, r is the radius of the inner wall of the high-pressure gas storage pipe cavity, and l is the total length of the high-pressure gas storage pipe; the total amount of compressed air V= πR 2 L, where R is the radius of the compressor piston, and L is the stroke of the compressor piston. Therefore, the air pressure ratio is ε=V/v≥4, and the heat energy recovery efficiency is directly proportional to the air pressure ratio. Because the wall of the high-pressure gas storage pipe is thicker and the pressure resistance is strong, it can prevent air leakage; it is made of multiple metals connected in parallel, which can dissipate heat in time and dissipate the heat emitted by the compressed air in time to ensure that the temperature of the high-pressure gas is relatively high. Low, easy to absorb heat and expand to do work.
3.做功冲程:运动到上止点,两个进气排气门关闭,燃气燃烧,进入做功冲程。燃气做功活塞11向下运动,燃气膨胀做功。与此同时,与燃气做功活塞11相连的高压气做功活塞14也同时向下运动,高压进气阀8打开,吸入高压空气,高压空气吸收气缸壁和热气排气管的热量,膨胀做功,推动高压气做功活塞14向下运动做功,这样上方两个活塞都在做功。上方两活塞在向下运动时,通过活塞连杆15,压气活塞20向上运动,进入到吸气阶段,压气单向阀23关闭,进气单向阀打开25。运动到下止点,两个进气阀关闭,开始进入排气冲程。3. Power stroke: move to the top dead center, the two intake and exhaust valves are closed, the gas burns, and enters the power stroke. The gas working piston 11 moves downward, and the gas expands to perform work. At the same time, the high-pressure gas working piston 14 connected with the gas working piston 11 also moves downward, the high-pressure intake valve 8 is opened, and the high-pressure air is sucked in. The high-pressure gas working piston 14 moves downwards to do work, so that the top two pistons are all doing work. When the top two pistons are moving downward, the air-compressing piston 20 moves upwards through the piston connecting rod 15 and enters the suction stage, the air-compressing check valve 23 is closed, and the intake check valve is opened 25 . Moving to the bottom dead center, the two intake valves are closed and the exhaust stroke begins.
4.排气冲程:燃气做功活塞11向上运动,进气门2关闭,排气门3打开。燃烧后的热气由排气口4经排气管接头5进入到螺旋热气储气管10内,此时燃气的温度极高,使得金属的螺旋热气储气管10外壁的温度极高,为下一次高压冷气膨胀做功做好准备。与此同时,高压进气阀8关闭,排气阀6打开,与燃气做功活塞11相连的高压气做功活塞14也同时向上运动,将高压空气膨胀做功后的废气通过排气阀6排出。上方两气缸在向上运动时,通过活塞连杆15,压气活塞20向下运动,进入到压气阶段,压气单向阀23打开,进气单向阀25关闭。空气通过高压进气管24被压入到高压储气管7中,采用内燃机主轴直接带动风扇29对高压储气管进行强制风冷。4. Exhaust stroke: the gas power piston 11 moves upward, the intake valve 2 closes, and the exhaust valve 3 opens. The hot gas after combustion enters the spiral hot gas storage pipe 10 through the exhaust port 4 through the exhaust pipe joint 5. At this time, the temperature of the gas is extremely high, which makes the temperature of the outer wall of the metal spiral hot gas storage pipe 10 extremely high, which is the next high-pressure The cold air expands to do work. At the same time, the high-pressure intake valve 8 is closed, the exhaust valve 6 is opened, and the high-pressure gas working piston 14 connected to the gas working piston 11 also moves upwards simultaneously, and the exhaust gas after the high-pressure air expands and works is discharged through the exhaust valve 6. When the two cylinders above moved upwards, the compressed air piston 20 moved downward through the piston connecting rod 15 and entered the compressed air stage, the compressed air check valve 23 was opened, and the intake check valve 25 was closed. Air is pressed into the high-pressure gas storage pipe 7 through the high-pressure intake pipe 24, and the high-pressure gas storage pipe is forcedly air-cooled by using the main shaft of the internal combustion engine to directly drive the fan 29.
上述就是四个冲程的过程。通过这样的方式可以将气缸壁和燃气剩余的热量大部分回收掉。尽管压气活塞20向下运动要消耗能量,压缩空气发出的热量要尽快散去,采用散热片21和高压储气管7进行散热及风扇29对高压储气管进行强制风冷,成为高压冷气,但通过理论的估算,高压冷气吸热做功回收的能量大大高于压气活塞20向下运动所消耗的能量,内燃机的热效率可以提高30%。The above is the process of four strokes. In this way, most of the remaining heat of the cylinder wall and gas can be recovered. Although the downward movement of the compressor piston 20 consumes energy, the heat generated by the compressed air should be dissipated as soon as possible. The heat sink 21 and the high-pressure gas storage pipe 7 are used to dissipate heat and the fan 29 is used to force the high-pressure gas storage pipe to be air-cooled to become high-pressure cold air. According to theoretical estimates, the energy recovered by the heat absorption and work of the high-pressure cold air is much higher than the energy consumed by the downward movement of the compressor piston 20, and the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine can be increased by 30%.
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