CN201203306Y - 一种带气体折流板的冷凝器 - Google Patents

一种带气体折流板的冷凝器 Download PDF

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CN201203306Y
CN201203306Y CN200720073862.2U CN200720073862U CN201203306Y CN 201203306 Y CN201203306 Y CN 201203306Y CN 200720073862 U CN200720073862 U CN 200720073862U CN 201203306 Y CN201203306 Y CN 201203306Y
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condenser
baffle plate
gas baffling
baffling plate
heat
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罗忠
邱亚林
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Dimensional heat transfer technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
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Wolverine Tube Shanghai Co Ltd
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Priority to US12/194,604 priority patent/US20090049861A1/en
Priority to PCT/US2008/073724 priority patent/WO2009026370A2/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28BSTEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/02Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using water or other liquid as the cooling medium
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/04Condensers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/163Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/047Water-cooled condensers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/124Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and being formed of pins
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F28F1/26Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means being integral with the element
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
    • F28F2009/222Particular guide plates, baffles or deflectors, e.g. having particular orientation relative to an elongated casing or conduit
    • F28F2009/224Longitudinal partitions

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

本实用新型公开了一种带竖向折流板的冷凝器,包括传热管束和壳体,其特征在于,在壳体纵向剖面上看,在所述的传热管管束之间至少有一位置设置有气体折流板,气体折流板自中心位置倾斜延伸至壳体内壁处;气体折流板用以改变气体的流向,并将位于其上方的冷凝液隔离排除。本实用新型的有益效果是:由于冷凝器中间折流板的作用,使得蒸汽的流动方向改变,紊流度增加,可强化对流换热,并且可使上层冷凝液得以旁通而不直接淋在下层冷凝管上,下层冷凝管的冷凝液“淹没效应”较小,换热系数得到显著的提高;通过将竖向折流板位置与管程隔板位置重复,可以防止折流板位置在管板平面上占用过多管孔空间。

Description

一种带气体折流板的冷凝器
技术领域
本实用新型属传热设备技术领域,具体涉及一种带气体折流板的冷凝器。
背景技术
在制冷与空调及其相关工业,水冷式冷凝器得到了广泛的应用。它们大多为壳管式换热器,这其中,制冷剂在管外冷凝相变换热,冷却剂(例如水)在管内流动换热。传热管按一定的规律(如正三角形排列)形成管束被排列在管板之间,制冷剂通过较低温度的管束被冷凝,在传热管管壁形成冷凝液,由于重力作用往下滴落,为节省空间,通常冷凝器的管间距较小,这样冷凝液很容易逐层在冷凝管上累积,形成上层管束下小雨,下层管束下大雨的情形。膜状冷凝的换热系数很大程度上决定于管表面的冷凝液膜厚度,液膜越薄,冷凝换热系数越好。为减小冷凝液膜的厚度,一般的人们制作此类换热器时,会采用更高效的传热管来代替光管,这些传热管具有一些特殊的三维表面(如锯齿状,参考图6c),有利于减薄液膜和冷凝液相下的滴落。但是在冷凝器的管排数量显著增加时,位于下层区域的传热管有与滴落在表面的冷凝液量更大,而且新型传热管容易因为三维表面的表面张力的作用附积在表面而降低换热效率,因此传热管排数越大,换热衰减越多。
中国专利号为ZL01121456.2公开了在冷凝器中配置了倾斜的板形体,可以减小板下方附着在传热管表面上的冷凝液膜厚度;但是该设置也存在着较多的缺陷:1、设置横贯壳体之板形体后,蒸汽只能从壳体边缘进入下层,其流动受到很大限制,远离蒸汽面的传热管的冷凝性能下降;2、板形体由于倾角过大,在管板平面上占用过多管孔空间;3、由于传热管之间设置有若干支撑板,使得横贯壳体的板形体难以安装。
实用新型内容
本实用新型的发明目的是为了提供一种带竖向折流板的冷凝器,以解决上述现有产品中存在的诸多问题。通过采用竖向的折流板,使得蒸汽改变流向,并提高蒸汽紊流度,同时也减少流经下层传热管管束的冷凝液量,来强化冷凝换热性能,达到提高冷凝器性能,进一步提升冷冻机整机性能。
本实用新型的发明目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现:
一种带竖向折流板的冷凝器,包括传热管束和壳体,其特征在于,在壳体纵向剖面上看,在所述的传热管管束之间至少有一位置设置有气体折流板,气体折流板自中心位置倾斜延伸至壳体内壁处;气体折流板用以改变气体的流向,并将位于其上方的冷凝液隔离排除。
所述气体折流板从大致壳体中心位置向下倾斜至冷凝器壳体的两侧或专门设置的排液点,倾斜角度为3~30度。
所述的气体折流板将传热管管束由上而下分成至少两个区域。
在管板平面上,所述的气体折流板至少一个位置与管程隔板的位置相一致。
所述的传热管束被气体折流板分割的每个区域的管排数小于10排。
所述的传热管采用三维型冷凝强化表面。
按照采用制冷剂R134a冷凝实际的试验结果,应用1758kw的冷冻机组测试,本实用新型与现有技术相比较,冷凝侧换热性能提高了12%~55%。
本实用新型的有益效果是:由于冷凝器中间折流板的作用,使得蒸汽的流动方向改变,紊流度增加,可强化对流换热,并且可使上层冷凝液得以旁通而不直接淋在下层冷凝管上,下层冷凝管的冷凝液“淹没效应”较小,换热系数得到显著的提高;通过将竖向折流板位置与管程隔板位置重复,可以防止折流板位置在管板平面上占用过多管孔空间。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式来详细说明本实用新型的技术特点;
图1是现有技术冷凝器正视剖面图;
图2是现有技术冷凝器圆筒截面图;
图3是本实用新型冷凝器正视剖面图;
图4是本实用新型实施例1冷凝器圆筒截面图;
图5是本实用新型实施例1变化形式的圆筒截面图;
图6a为传热管形式的一维表面换热示意图;
图6b为传热管形式的二维表面换热示意图;
图6c为传热管形式的三维表面换热示意图;
图中:1-冷凝器     2-冷凝器壳体     3-传热管管束      3a、3b-管束区域      4-管板     5-支撑板       6-水室      7-蒸汽入口      8-冷凝液出口9-冷却剂入口      10-冷却剂出口      11-管程隔板位置       12a、12b-折流板       13-蒸汽流动方向示意箭头
具体实施方式
为了使本实用新型实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合附图和具体实施例,进一步阐述本实用新型。
现有技术中的壳管式冷凝器其结构如图1,2所示,通常冷却液走于管内,壳体内,制冷剂气体从上部接口7进入,经过传热管管束3时,因管内的冷却液体温度较低,达到气体的露点以下,因此制冷剂气体被冷凝成液体。由于重力作用,冷凝液逐渐从管上滴落,壳体底部的液体通过壳体接口8导出。为使换热器紧凑和控制成本,通常冷凝器的管间距较小,一般为3~5mm,这样冷凝液很容易逐层在管上累积,形成上层管束区域下小雨,下层管束区域下大雨的情形。而膜状冷凝的换热系数很大程度上决定于管表面的冷凝液膜厚度,液膜越薄,冷凝换热系数越好。这也是冷凝器的管束效应主要决定于其冷凝器管排数(至上而下)的原因。通常的设计中,减少管排数,可有效提高平均冷凝换热系数,但每排的管枝数要增加,显然这会受到壳体直径的限制。
本实用新型实施例1,参看图3、图4,该冷凝器的内径为D700mm,管程分两程,传热管长度3600mm,中间有两个支撑板5,通过在管束中间位置设置2mm厚薄钢板作为折流板12a,12b,固定在各段支撑板5及管板4之间。薄钢板向冷凝器两侧倾斜,与水平面角度为5度,其前端距离壳体内壁距离为10mm,折流板12a和12b的高差为120mm,通常可为2~6排管的间距,这样既可以将上层管束区域的冷凝液旁通到沿壳体内壁处,又可将上层制冷剂蒸汽通过12a和12b间的横向通道导入下层区域,起到气体折流的作用。这样的折流板可有效阻止冷凝液直接进入下层管束,同时又具有横向通道让蒸汽通过,改变蒸汽的流向,提高其紊流度,这样蒸汽的掠过管束的速度增加了,有利于排除传热管上的冷凝液。对于冷凝过程而言,其冷凝器的管排数相当于减小了一半,从原设计的27排变为13排,管束效应被减弱了,对换热有利。通常的冷凝器为了将冷却液接口放在同一端,管程数采用2程和4程较普遍,绝大部分为2程。对于2程及以上的设计在水室需设置隔板11,将隔板位置11与本例的折流板12a,12b位置放在一起有利于在管板上留出更多空间穿管。增加折流板的数量可以有效减少各管束区域3a或3b的传热管排数,如图4.对于管束而言,控制换热管的排数在10排以下,对传热较为有利。但是,由于折流板占用了一排至两排的管孔空间,与管程隔板位置不同的折流板设置需要对排管进行调整。为防止近支撑板处冷凝液流失,可将折流板做成三面向上翻边的形式。
现有技术中,常见的冷凝用传热管主要有一维型表面(如光管,参考图6a),两维型表面(即翅片管,参考图6b),并不是所有的传热管都会随着排数的增加而换热情况变差,不同的传热管冷凝换热对于排数的敏感程度不一样,这些数据对于换热器设计人员非常关键。通常,现有技术为提高单管冷凝性能而推荐的三维换热表面(如锯齿状管,花瓣管,外表滚花型...参考图6c)对于换热器的排数更为敏感,即随着排数的增加,性能衰减更多。对于本例中,采用的是一种三维换热表面(商品名Turbo-C),按实施例1的设计,比原先的冷凝器,其冷凝侧换热性能增加了25%以上。
与现有技术相比,折流板的设置将冷凝器分成多个管束区域,气体在各区域横向穿越,不断改变流向,有利于冷凝换热,而各个区域的冷凝液通过倾斜的折流板单独排放,改善了原来的整个管束中冷凝液膜累积到下层管束而影响整体换热的情况。增加折流板后,冷凝侧换热性能提高了12%~55%。而且原来的管束规模越大,折流板的分隔的区域越多,整个冷凝器的换热性能也提高越多;另外,当折流板至上而下设置成折流板形式让蒸汽通过,可以增加蒸汽流动的紊流度,从而提高蒸气与管束间的对流作用,进一步减薄液膜,也提高了换热效率;冷凝器换热效率的提高可有效降低冷凝温度和压力,从而提高整个系统的能效。
以上显示和描述了本实用新型的基本原理、主要特征和本实用新型的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本实用新型不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本实用新型的原理,在不脱离本实用新型精神和范围的前提下本实用新型还会有各种变化和改进,如将折流板改为波纹状,开槽板,多孔板或组合形式均是与本实用新型一致的变化形式。这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本实用新型范围内。本实用新型要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等同物界定。

Claims (6)

1、一种带气体折流板的冷凝器,包括传热管束和壳体,其特征在于:在壳体纵向剖面上看,在所述的传热管管束之间至少设置有一块气体折流板,气体折流板自中心位置倾斜延伸至壳体内壁处或专门设置的排液点。
2、根据权利要求1所述的一种带气体折流板的冷凝器,其特征在于:所述气体折流板从壳体中心位置向下倾斜至冷凝器壳体的两侧或专门设置的排液点,倾斜角度为3~30度。
3、根据权利要求1所述的一种带气体折流板的冷凝器,其特征在于:所述的气体折流板将传热管管束由上而下分成至少两个区域。
4、根据权利要求1所述的一种带气体折流板的冷凝器,其特征在于:在管板平面上,所述的气体折流板至少一个位置与管程隔板的位置相一致。
5、根据权利要求1所述的一种带气体折流板的冷凝器,其特征在于:所述的传热管束被气体折流板分割的每个区域的管排数小于10排。
6、根据权利要求1、3或5所述的一种带气体折流板的冷凝器,其特征在于:所述的传热管束采用三维型冷凝强化表面。
CN200720073862.2U 2007-08-21 2007-08-21 一种带气体折流板的冷凝器 Expired - Lifetime CN201203306Y (zh)

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CN200720073862.2U CN201203306Y (zh) 2007-08-21 2007-08-21 一种带气体折流板的冷凝器
US12/194,604 US20090049861A1 (en) 2007-08-21 2008-08-20 Heat Exchanger with Sloped Baffles
PCT/US2008/073724 WO2009026370A2 (en) 2007-08-21 2008-08-20 Heat exchanger with sloped baffles

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CN102538511A (zh) * 2012-02-27 2012-07-04 景立秋 层叠式冷凝器
CN108317779A (zh) * 2018-02-05 2018-07-24 江阴市双友空调机械有限公司 一种冷凝器回水室封头
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CN111750690A (zh) * 2020-05-22 2020-10-09 东南大学 一种斜插丝网引流管的水平管束冷凝器
WO2022179511A1 (zh) * 2021-02-24 2022-09-01 约克(无锡)空调冷冻设备有限公司 冷凝器

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN101943527A (zh) * 2010-09-29 2011-01-12 中原工学院 一种多壳程逆流增速型管壳式换热器
US10222127B2 (en) 2011-09-09 2019-03-05 Modec, Inc. Falling film heat exchanger, absorption refrigerator system, ship, offshore structure and underwater offshore structure
CN102538511A (zh) * 2012-02-27 2012-07-04 景立秋 层叠式冷凝器
CN108317779A (zh) * 2018-02-05 2018-07-24 江阴市双友空调机械有限公司 一种冷凝器回水室封头
CN111750690A (zh) * 2020-05-22 2020-10-09 东南大学 一种斜插丝网引流管的水平管束冷凝器
CN111750690B (zh) * 2020-05-22 2021-11-26 东南大学 一种斜插丝网引流管的水平管束冷凝器
WO2022179511A1 (zh) * 2021-02-24 2022-09-01 约克(无锡)空调冷冻设备有限公司 冷凝器

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