CN1982191A - Elevator and emergency braking device for the same - Google Patents
Elevator and emergency braking device for the same Download PDFInfo
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- CN1982191A CN1982191A CN 200610164274 CN200610164274A CN1982191A CN 1982191 A CN1982191 A CN 1982191A CN 200610164274 CN200610164274 CN 200610164274 CN 200610164274 A CN200610164274 A CN 200610164274A CN 1982191 A CN1982191 A CN 1982191A
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- guide rail
- braking element
- friction material
- elevator
- brake shoe
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Abstract
In order to prevent the damage of a slide surface of a ceramics friction material which is possessed by a braking element for an emergency brake device for an elevator, and stop an elevator car efficietly at need, the emergency brake device for an elevator can hold a guide (2) provided on a lifting passage wall of the elevator. The braking element (10) is arraged at the bottom of the elevator car (1). When the elevator car runs in a speed exceed a determined speed, a push element pushes the braking element on the guide. A plurality of concaves with of without bottoms are formed on the braking element, and the ceramics friction material (12) are housed in the concaves. While mounting the friction material on the braking element, a plane (14) is formed by the lower portion of the friction material which one side end oppositing to the guide, and the upper portion is formed as a tilting surface (13) or a curved surface separating with the guide.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of elevator, especially relate to the brake shoe for elevator emergency stop that moves when a kind of speed at elevator surpasses the speed of stipulating.
Background technology
Open the example that discloses a kind of emergency braking apparatus as safety device in the flat 10-182031 communique the patent documentation 1 patent of invention spy of Japan, former thereby when falling because of the hoist cable that is used to drive elevator is cut off etc. at lift car, this emergency braking apparatus stops lift car with suitable deceleration/decel.In the emergency braking apparatus that this communique is put down in writing, in order to obtain to surpass 1000 ℃ resistance to effect of heat and still can keep stable braking characteristics at a high speed and under the high response speed, be provided with drg body and brake plate, this brake plate is arranged on the brake surface side of this body drg, it is embedded with from the outstanding jut of its face, and this jut is polygonal column cylindric or bight process chamfered.And brake plate is made by the material that disperses to be mixed with other ceramic particle in ceramic substrate.
The 2 patent of invention spies of Japan open the emergency braking apparatus that discloses another kind of use ceramic moving plate in the 2000-191252 communique at patent documentation.In the emergency braking apparatus that this communique is put down in writing, in order to prevent that the phenomenon of an end in contact from appearring in brake plate, buried underground from the outstanding ceramic moving plate of this brake surface in the brake surface side of drg body, buried part underground at this soft metal is set, and be formed with the space that allows the soft metal distortion.
Patent documentation 1: the patent of invention spy of Japan opens flat 10-182031 communique
Patent documentation 2: the patent of invention spy of Japan opens the 2000-191252 communique
In the described brake shoe for elevator emergency stop with ceramic moving plate of above-mentioned patent documentation 1, owing to be provided with a plurality of ceramic moving plates in the brake surface side, so be necessary to make the sliding surface of each brake plate to keep flat state, to prevent the phenomenon of an end in contact, therefore assemble number increase in man-hour.And, when the phenomenon of an end in contact takes place in contingency, because of some brake plate contributes to braking, so deceleration and stopping performance descends.
In above-mentioned patent documentation 2 described emergency braking apparatus, the ceramic moving plate is embedded in the matrix metal across the soft metal member, because a plurality of ceramic moving plates contact with guide rail equably, takes place so prevented the phenomenon of an end in contact., when the emergency braking action takes place, to bear the above shear strength of 1kN on the ceramic moving plate, thereby can make the ceramic moving plate produce deflection.Its result may cause contacting between guide rail and the ceramic moving plate to become an end in contact.When an end in contact takes place, in the sliding surface of same ceramic moving plate, produce the position and the skid-resistant position of sliding, thereby the heat that causes sliding forms uneven heat distribution on sliding surface.As described below, this uneven heat distribution meeting on the ceramic moving plate sliding surface that produces because of an end in contact causes the breakage of ceramic moving plate, and this phenomenon is that the present inventor studies by experiment first and finds.
Summary of the invention
The present invention forms on the basis of above-mentioned discovery, and the braking element that the objective of the invention is to prevent to have the brake shoe for elevator emergency stop of ceramic moving plate causes the sliding surface breakage of pottery because of thermal stress.And, the present invention also aims to make brake shoe for elevator emergency stop when emergency situation takes place, can lift car be stopped by preventing the breakage of ceramic moving plate.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of brake shoe for elevator emergency stop that stops at the lift car that elevator takes place to make when unusual, it has: keep the friction material of a plurality of ceramic and braking element that can the clamping guide rail, with with this braking element by the member that is pressed on the guide rail, friction material is formed on the guide rail and can be heated when sliding and produces the cut shape of part of drawing stress, perhaps a plurality of friction materials are provided with two at least on the direction of sliding along guide rail, these friction materials are formed on the opposite face side of guide rail, when it slides on guide rail, rely on cutting action that lift car is stopped to guide rail.
And in the emergency braking apparatus that so forms, the friction material of a plurality of ceramic is preferably roughly formed cylindric, and be formed its face relative with guide rail, be the cut shape of falling of the upper side of vertical direction.In addition, pressing member preferably has: directing plate, retaining member and rope, described directing plate is set in place in the rear side of the guide rail subtend face opposition side of braking element, with braking element by being pressed on the guide rail, described retaining member remains on this directing plate on the lift car, one end of described rope is connected with described braking element, and braking element is moved on vertical direction.And friction material is at least a in silicon nitride, carborundum, aluminium oxide and the Sialon (sialon), and pressing member has the member of pushing these friction material rear side.
To achieve these goals, brake shoe for elevator emergency stop of the present invention has braking element and pressing member, described braking element is arranged on the below of lift car, can clamping be arranged on the guide rail on the elevator lifting channel wall, when described pressing member surpasses the speed of regulation at lift car, with this braking element by being pressed on the guide rail, in this brake shoe for elevator emergency stop, on braking element, be formed with a plurality of recesses that the end or the end of nothing are arranged, the friction material of ceramic is entrenched in these recesses, these friction materials be installed on the braking element time side relative with guide rail the end face bottom be formed tabular, and top is formed dip plane or the curved surface that separates with guide rail, perhaps these friction materials be installed on the braking element time side relative with guide rail end surface shape, be formed at least a shape in the following shape, that is: the marginal portion on butt circle top has been implemented the shape of chamfered, the chock shape of having only lower side to contact with guide rail, and the edge that has only top has been implemented the shape of chamfered.
In addition, also the rear side of friction material can be formed the dip plane, the support member that has the same tilt face in fact be contacted with this dip plane, and also the stationary member that friction material is fixed in braking element can be set.And, till the dip plane of friction material or curved surface preferably begin to be formed into the position of sixth at least of above-below direction length of friction material from the upper end, and can make friction material from the outstanding 1～3mm in the surface of braking element.
And, in elevator, preferably above-mentioned any one emergency braking apparatus is installed in the bottom of lift car.
According to the present invention, owing to can be reduced in the drawing stress that produces because of thermal load on the sliding surface of the ceramic moving plate that brake shoe for elevator emergency stop has, so can prevent the breakage of ceramic moving plate.Thus, can make emergency braking apparatus play effective function, when emergency situation takes place, can lift car be stopped.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of an embodiment of lift facility involved in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the front view that lift facility shown in Figure 1 is used emergency braking apparatus;
Fig. 3 is the partial perspective view of emergency braking apparatus shown in Figure 2;
Fig. 4 is the block diagram of the braking element that emergency braking apparatus had shown in Figure 2;
Fig. 5 is the block diagram of the friction material that braking element had shown in Figure 4;
Fig. 6 is the action specification figure of emergency braking apparatus;
Fig. 7 is the instruction diagram of the sliding mode of friction material shown in Figure 5, the state during Fig. 7 (a) expression high temperature, the state during Fig. 7 (b) expression low temperature;
Fig. 8 is a diagram of curves of representing the STRESS VARIATION of friction material sliding surface for example;
Fig. 9 is the block diagram of other embodiment of expression friction material;
Figure 10 is the block diagram of the various variation of expression friction material;
Figure 11 is the block diagram of the another embodiment of expression friction material;
Figure 12 is the part sectional view of other embodiment of expression braking element;
Figure 13 is the part sectional view of the another embodiment of expression braking element;
Figure 14 is the block diagram of the another embodiment of expression friction material.
Nomenclature
The 1-lift car
The 2-guide rail
The 4-emergency braking apparatus
The 5-directing plate
The 6-guiding elements
The 8-elastic body
The 10-braking element
12,20～23-friction material (ceramic pins)
The specific embodiment
Followingly describe with reference to the embodiment of accompanying drawing to elevator involved in the present invention and the employed emergency braking apparatus of this elevator.Fig. 1 is elevator lift car 1 that has and the block diagram that is installed in the emergency braking apparatus of lift car bottom.The lift car of taking for the passenger 1 is connected with the not shown drive system of the building the superiors by hoist cable 3.In this Fig. 1,, omitted the detailed icon of elevator door opening-closing mechanism and external frame for the ease of understanding.In the both sides of hoist trunk 60, be provided with a pair of guide rail 2,2 that is used for when lift car 1 lifting its channeling conduct.
Be provided with a pair of emergency braking apparatus 4,4 in the bottom of lift car 1.This a pair of emergency braking apparatus is clamped the T font longitudinal rod that section is formed each guide rail 2,2 of T word shape from both sides.And this a pair of emergency braking apparatus 4,4 connects by not shown bindiny mechanism.Followingly emergency braking apparatus 4 is elaborated with reference to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.Fig. 2 is the longitudinal sectional drawing of emergency braking apparatus 4, and Fig. 3 is the block diagram of emergency braking apparatus 4.
Emergency braking apparatus 4 is constituted as symmetrical shape, clips guide rail 2 in the middle of it.Emergency braking apparatus 4 has section and is formed trapezoidal a pair of braking element 10,10.The upper end side of braking element 10 is a minor face, and lower end side is long limit.But a pair of braking element 10,10 modes with clamping guide rail 2 are roughly parallel to guide rail 2 setting, have small gap between itself and the guide rail 2.The back side of braking element 10 is formed the level and smooth dip plane that top attenuates.
Be provided with the directing plate 5 that slides with this braking element 10 on the dip plane of braking element 10.Directing plate 5 is kept by guiding elements.The not shown protuberance of directing plate 5 is entrenched in the recess 10a of braking element 10, and its restriction braking element 10 moves up at right and left, and braking element 10 is directed to the position of regulation.The inboard of guiding elements 6 is dip plane identical with braking element 10, and the outside is a vertical surface.The outer peripheral portion of guiding elements 6 is surrounded by elastic body 8, and this elastic body 8 is formed the U font, and its side relative with guide rail 2 is open state.
Braking element 10, directing plate 5, guiding elements 6 and elastic body 8 are housed in the framework 9.Framework 9 has: be used for emergency braking apparatus 4 be installed in upper plate 9b on lift car 11 base plates, be fixed on upper plate 9b lower surface outer peripheral portion side plate 9a, be fixed on the loading plate 9c of side plate 9a bottom, support the mounted panel 9d of loading plate 9c and the baseplate 9e that the bottom of mounted panel 9d is fixed from the below.At the centre portion of upper plate 9b, promptly the part passed through of guide rail 2 and the centre portion of baseplate 9e promptly are formed with otch on the part that guide rail passes through.
At a plurality of positions of side plate 9a, for the elastic body 8 of U font by being pressed on the guiding elements 6, across spring bolt 42 is installed.One end of braking element 10 is connected with the not shown rod 50 of mentioning that driver element had that makes emergency braking apparatus 4 startings.And guiding elements 6 is fixed in framework 9.
Fig. 3 represents the operating state of emergency braking apparatus 4.The dip plane of braking element 10 is withstood by a plurality of guide reels 11.Guide reel 11 rotatably is maintained on the guiding elements 6, and it plays the effect that braking element 10 is successfully moved up.As mentioned above, guiding elements 6 has the dip plane parallel with the dip plane of braking element 10, and the rear side of guiding elements 6 is vertical surface, so the vertical surface of guiding elements 6 is clamped by elastic body 8.Its result is when mentioning rod 50 when being raised, emergency braking apparatus 4 actions.After emergency braking apparatus 4 actions, the braking element 10 with recess 10a is under the effect of the protuberance of directing plate 5, and moving of its left and right directions is restricted, thereby is raised with respect to guiding elements 6, and guiding elements 6 is launched.Guiding elements 6 be unfolded and the reaction force acts that produces on braking element 10, the direction that braking element 10 is dwindled towards distance each other moves, and clamps guide rail 2 thus.
Followingly describe the elevator shown in the foregoing description in detail with braking element 10 with reference to Fig. 4 to Figure 14.Fig. 4 is the block diagram of right side braking element 10 shown in Figure 2.The lifting direction of braking element 10 lift cars 1 is provided with four friction materials 12, and the Width of braking element 10 is provided with two friction materials 12.The support 10a that constitutes the quadrangular prism shape of braking element 10 is made by cast iron, is formed with the columned perforate of chimeric friction material 12.
The columned friction material 12 that forms shown in the block diagram of Fig. 5 for example is entrenched in the perforate of support 10a in the mode of shrink fit.Friction material 12 is made by potteries (hereinafter referred to as ceramic pins) such as silicon nitride, carborundum, aluminium oxide or Sialons, and its end relative with guide rail 2 is outstanding from support 10a.This overhang is 1～3mm in the present embodiment.
The slip end face 14 that slides on guide rail 2 of ceramic pins 12 under the state that is installed on support 10a, is the plane parallel with guide rail 2.And ceramic pins 12 is formed: under the state that is installed on support 10a, the cut shape of superposed part (part of the direction of slip upper side when being positioned at emergency braking apparatus 4 action).And the edge portion (edge) of circumference is formed the following curvature of 1mm, has perhaps implemented chamfered.Form edge portion if so, then when emergency braking apparatus 4 actions, ceramic pins 12 can produce cutting action to guide rail 2.
Below explanation has the action of the emergency braking apparatus 4 of said structure.When the descending speed of lift car 1 surpasses command speed and when reaching predefined abnormality detection speed, is arranged on the speed sensor action of the superiors.Speed sensor is clasped and the not shown speed controller rope of emergency braking apparatus 4 bonded assemblys.Speed controller rope is connected with braking element 10, with respect to the emergency braking apparatus 4 that is installed on the lift car 1 braking element 10 is improved relatively.Braking element 10 is clamped in the guide rail 2 that is provided with on the lifting channel wall of lift car 1 both sides, makes simultaneously to be arranged on braking element 10 8 expansion of U font elastic body and generation elastic deformation on every side, makes between guide rail 2 and the braking element 10 and produces friction force.Its result, lift car 1 stops.
Fig. 6 is the scheme drawing of situation when representing braking element 10 along guide rail 2 declines.Ceramic pins 12 contacts with guide rail 2 and moves along the direction of arrow 10x.At this moment, the 12a of edge portion of each ceramic pins 12 moves and cuts the sliding surface of guide rail 2.Its result produces cutting resistance on guide rail 2, this cutting resistance has played the effect of friction force.Be subjected to the influence of friction force, the temperature of guide rail 2 and ceramic pins 12 rises, and guide rail 2 is positioned at the soft material fusion gummed on the sliding surface, and under the effect of this gummed, friction force increases, thereby obtains braking force.
So, produce cutting resistance in order to make on guide rail 2, ceramic pins 12 preferably has sharp keen edge portion.,, then when ceramic pins 12 contact with guide rail 2, cause on ceramic pins 12 generation to be chapped or breach easily owing to stress concentration, therefore, in order to relax stress concentration, and carried out chamfered if on ceramic pins 12, form sharp keen bight.Owing to used ceramic pins 12 in friction material, even the load capacity of lift car 1 increases, the slip heat in the time of also can preventing because of slip causes friction material 12 softening or heating gummeds.Its result, the braking force that can obtain to be scheduled to.
The scheme drawing of the state of stress that Fig. 7 produces in the sliding part end face of ceramic pins 12 when being 4 actions of expression emergency braking apparatus.As shown in Figure 6, when ceramic pins 12 contacted with guide rail 2, friction force only acted on the fore-end of ceramic pins 12, so ceramic pins 12 is towards the top deflection.Its result has formed on the end face of ceramic pins 12 and the part 17 of guide rail 2 moving contacts and the part 16 that does not contact with guide rail.
Below situation that ceramic pins 12 is formed when cylindric describe.Fig. 7 (a) expression ceramic pins 12 is slided on guide rail 2 and state when becoming high temperature, and the speed of Fig. 7 (b) expression lift car 1 reduces, the moving velocity reduction of ceramic pins 12, and the state when being cooled to low temperature.The condition of high temperature is in emergency braking apparatus 4 actions, occurs during braking element 10 beginning clamping guide rails, and this moment, lift car 1 was in fast state.
On the end face of ceramic pins 12, be formed with slipper 17 and non-slipper 16.Owing in slipper 17, produce the high temperature more than 1000 ℃,, the state shown in the dotted line 18 among the figure occurs so the slipper of ceramic pins 12 expands towards the outside.On the other hand, after the speed of lift car 1 reduced, dilated ceramic pins 12 was inwards shunk shown in the dotted line 19 of Fig. 7 (b).
So, when ceramic pins 12 produced distortion, at the slipper 17 of ceramic pins 12 and 7 places, boundary of non-slipper 16, direction produced drawing stress in sliding surface.Promptly during the strength of material of pottery, ceramic pins 12 occurs damaged at 7 places that have a common boundary the raw MAT'L that surpasses ceramic pins 12 when this drawing stress.That is, the slope of the heat distribution between slipper 17 and the non-slipper 16 is big more, the easy more breakage of ceramic pins 12.The easier change in the high-capacity express elevator of big braking force of needs or big spring pressing force of this hot slope is big.At this moment, ceramic pins 12 produces breakage because of thermal stress easily.
For the generation of the hot slope that suppresses the above-mentioned ceramic pins that in high-capacity express elevator, becomes particularly evident 12, slipper 17 and the non-slipper 16 that generates on the front end face of ceramic pins 12 carried out the unstable state pyrolysis analysed.Analyse the temperature traverse of the front end of obtaining ceramic pins 12 according to this unstable state pyrolysis, and carried out the parsing of thermal stress according to this temperature traverse.
Near the slipper 17 that Fig. 8 represents to be positioned at ceramic pins 12 front ends and the intersection of non-slipper 16 sliding surface internal stress through the time change.When ceramic pins 12 beginning was slided on guide rail 2, the compressing stress that produces because of the expansion of pottery acted on the interface 7 of ceramic pins 12.Along with the carrying out that slides, the caused drawing stress of contraction of pottery acts on the interface 7.
In general, in the intensity of stupalith, pulling strengrth is lower than compression strength.And, pottery breakage when surpassing pulling strengrth.Therefore, ceramic pins 12 as shown in Figure 5 is such, forms the shape that does not cut away in advance with the part of guide rail 2 moving contacts after the deflection of ceramic pins 12, can prevent that ceramic pins from breakage occurring because of the thermal stress in the sliding surface.
Fig. 9 represents the situations such as size of the otch of ceramic pins 12.The diameter that has the ceramic pins of otch among the figure represents that with D incision length represents that with L the otch angle is represented with φ.Make the ceramic pins 16 of diameter D=8～16mm, adopt dials instrument wear test method to carry out the experiment of sliding.As dials, used the SS400 material identical with the material of guide rail 2.With ceramic pins 12 with the regulation press load by being pressed on the dials face.Simultaneously, make the rotative speed reduction of speed of dials, begin the friction force till stop and obtaining friction coefficient to measure reduction of speed.And then, have or not breakage on the sliding surface of range estimation ceramic pins 12.
Pressing at face is 20MPa～100MPa, and the slip commencing speed is the experiment of sliding under the 15m/ condition of second, and its result shows that the face below 40MPa is depressed, and ceramic pins 12 is not found damaged.Press face to face uprise and surpass 40MPa after, probability of damage improves gradually, depresses at the face of 100MPa, breakage has all appearred in ceramic pins 12 in nearly all experiment.And start at from the sliding surface upper end position of the damaged portion of damaged ceramic pins 12, is positioned at 1/5～2/3 the scope of ceramic pins diameter D.
Can know that from this dials instrument wear test result of experiment the length L of the notch portion of ceramic pins 12 is started at from the sliding surface upper end, at least should be in more than 1/5 of ceramic pins diameter D.And, in order to produce the friction force of regulation by ceramic pins 12, need to keep as much as possible the edge portion of cutting guide rail 2.Therefore, maximum incision site is controlled in half of ceramic pins diameter D.Above-mentioned result of experiment shows, do not form notch portion ceramic pins, be formed with size in half ceramic pins of ceramic pins diameter D with interior notch geometry, on friction coefficient, do not have big difference, can both guarantee necessary friction.
In the experiment of dials instrument wear test, under the condition of various otch angle φ, test.The variation range that makes otch angle φ is between φ=15 °～45 °.In this scope, ceramic pins 12 does not occur damaged.Its reason is to have excised skid-resistant part because of the end face from ceramic pins, or because formed mild dip plane shape, wherein, under the situation of the gentle slope face of being formed with, even there is skid-resistant part, the ess-strain that accumulates because of uneven temperature traverse also discharges outside face easily.Can know that according to this experimental result need only otch angle φ maximum in 45 °, then the ess-strain that is accumulated discharges easily outside face.
Brake load in the elevator running below is described.If the load capacity of the lift car 1 of an elevator is 5 tons, this lift car 1 comprises lift car 1, hoist cable 3 and accessory equipment and is about 26 tons in interior total whereabouts quality when descending.If the whereabouts commencing speed during abnormal elevator is 800m/min, then in order lift car to be stopped from beginning to fall, suppose that the friction coefficient between braking element 10 and the guide rail 2 is 0.25～0.5, then the pressing force maximum demand of braking element 10 is more than 400kN.Wherein, the friction coefficient between braking element 10 and the guide rail 2 is meant: guide rail 2 with steel make, the friction material 12 of braking element 10 standard value during with ceramic material.
Having lifting direction length is 200mm, and Width length is that its face is depressed into few more than 50MPa when maintaining many ceramic pins 12 on the braking element 10 of sliding surface of 40mm.Therefore, when the emergency braking apparatus 4 that will have ceramic pins 12 was installed on this elevator, the sliding surface that need consider ceramic pins 12 damaged situation can occur when being subjected to influencing of thermal stress.
Figure 10 represents the various variation of ceramic pins 12.These ceramic pins have all formed the influence that can prevent because of above-mentioned thermal stress and damaged shape occurred.Figure 10 (a) expression section is the ceramic pins 21 of butt circle shape.Because sliding surface is formed approximate first quarter moon shape, so there is non-slipper hardly.The marginal portion of first quarter moon portion is in cutting guide rail 2, and sliding surface produces the gummed friction and produces braking force.If the hole shape of the support 10a of braking element 10 also is arranged to match with the shape of this ceramic pins 21, then can make ceramic pins towards unanimity, can also prevent to pivot simultaneously.
Ceramic pins 22 shown in Figure 10 (b) is formed cylindrical shape, and its peripheral part is formed eccentric and has carried out chamfered, thereby makes its edge portion form the chamfer shape of bias.Be provided with the curvature more than the 1mm at least at the marginal portion of sliding surface side 22a, the ess-strain that produces because of thermal stress is discharged outside face easily.But, if in whole edge portion curvature is set, then the cutting resistance of the guide rail 2 that produces by edge portion diminishes, and causes braking force to descend.Be positioned at the non-slipper of direction of slip upper side when therefore, only curvature being arranged on emergency braking apparatus 4 actions.
Ceramic pins 20 shown in Figure 10 (c) is formed the chock shape that forms with clinoplane intercepting cylinder.Its fore-end 20a is the bevelled elliptical shape.Because of having only front end is slipper, so the temperature slope that the heat of sliding is produced is little, not cracky.Obtain braking force by fore-end 20a cutting guide rail 2, but owing to make the application force of guide rail generation gummed abrasion little, so friction coefficient descends.Ceramic pins 23 shown in Figure 10 (d) is the shape that front end has curvature, and its front end forms round shape.Because front end forms big curvature 23a, so strain discharges outside face easily., because guide rail 2 is produced force of cut hardly, friction coefficient reduces.The ceramic pins 20 of these chock shapes and the ceramic pins 23 of front end curvature shapes are owing to friction coefficient descends easily, so guarantee braking force by increasing pressing force.
Figure 11 is the block diagram of other embodiment of expression ceramic pins.In the present embodiment, ceramic pins does not form cylindrical shape, and forms polygonal polygonal pin 15.Have the surperficial 15c of approximate vertical and be formed on dip plane 15a above this vertical surface 15c at the end face that slides on the guide rail 2.But also can adopt shape to replace this dip plane 15a with certain curvature.The bight of side is preferably implemented chamfering 15a and is handled.
In the above-described embodiments, in order further to improve the cutting effect of ceramic pins 12, make ceramic pins 12 a little outstanding slightly from support 10a.This overhang is set at 1～3mm based on following reason.The overhang of friction material 12 is configured to generally to prevent that because of the size of friction material 12 is different friction force because of acting on the friction material 12 from causing the telescoping part appearance fracture chimeric with support 10a.If the overhang of friction material 12 is too little, the cutting powder of the guide rail 2 that produces because of the friction force between braking element 10 and the guide rail 2 can be accumulated between braking element 10 and the guide rail 2.
The accumulation of cutting powder can cause slip heat between guide rail 2 and the support 10a to be stored in the cutting powder, makes support 10a generation thermal deformation, causes ceramic pins 12 to become an end in contact with contacting of guide rail 2, thereby might can't guarantee the friction force stipulated.And after emergency braking apparatus 4 stopped, the caking that the slip heat of savings below ceramic pins 12 is cut powder rapidly seized.Its result, ceramic pins 12 is shunk and is produced drawing stress, might make ceramic pins 12 be full of cracks occur.
As the ceramic pins 12 of friction material and since its under high speed with guide rail 2 moving contacts, under the state that is embedded in support 10a, this ceramic body 12 is easy to generate and pivots.Therefore, the preferred setting prevents that pivoting of this rotation from preventing part.When being entrenched in friction material 12 among the support 10a by the shrink fit method, surface working state according to friction material 12 and support 10a, the magnitude of interference when occurring support 10a and friction material 12 shrink fit sometimes is little, does not perhaps have the situation of the magnitude of interference fully.At this moment, if emergency braking apparatus 4 action, and when producing uneven friction force in the sliding surface of ceramic pins 12, then ceramic pins 12 might produce and pivot.
For fear of the problems referred to above occurring, in ceramic pins 12 rotation is set and prevents part.Figure 12 is the section-drawing that expression prevents the rotation preventing structure of ceramic pins 12 rotations.Support 10a has upper plate 24 that is arranged on opposite face one side relative with guide rail 2 and the base plate 26 that is arranged on the rear side of this upper plate 24.Carry out fastening from upper plate 24 sides with 28 pairs of base plates of screw 26.Screw 28 fastening parts that form on upper plate 24 are formed stepped with perforate, expose with the head of avoiding screw 28.
On the face relative of base plate 26, be fixed with two columned pins 25,27 that suppress ceramic pins 29 rotations with upper plate 24.For chimeric, on the bottom surface of ceramic pins 29, be formed with shrinkage pool 29a, 29b with these pins 25,27.Owing to position by 25,27 pairs of ceramic pins 29 of pin, so even almost there is not the magnitude of interference when shrink fit, the uneven friction force that produces in the time of also can preventing because of emergency braking apparatus 4 actions causes the situation of ceramic pins 29 rotations to occur.In addition, though not shown, if will sell 25,27 and the shape of shrinkage pool 29a, 29b be arranged to for example quadrangular prism shape beyond cylindrical, then only need pin 25,27 and shrinkage pool 29a, 29b are set at a place, just can prevent pivoting of ceramic pins 29.
Figure 13 is the section-drawing that expression prevents other embodiment of ceramic pins rotation.Compare with the situation of Figure 12, more effective when the rotational force on acting on ceramic pins is big.In the embodiment shown in fig. 12, along with the increase of friction force, the application force that acts on pin 25,27 also increases, thereby might cause pin 25,27 breakages.
Therefore, at the upper plate 24 side mounting bases 33 of base plate 26.Pedestal 33 adopts bolt 32 to be fixed on the base plate 26 from base plate 26 sides.The face that contacts with ceramic pins of pedestal 33 is formed dip plane 33a, this dip plane 33a towards determining by the locating dowel pin 30,31 that is fixed on the base plate 26.The end face that is positioned at the sliding surface opposition side of ceramic pins 29 is the same tilted shape that is formed with the dip plane of pedestal 33 of bottom surface 29a, and ceramic pins 29 is coincide with basement tilt face 33a and contacted.
Even the friction force that acts on the front end face 29b of ceramic pins 29 is very big, but since rotational force keep by the dip plane 33a of pedestal 33, so ceramic pins 29 can not rotated.And, because the rotational force that pedestal 33 is kept is by the fastening force maintenance of bolt 32, so can prevent locating dowel pin 30,31 breakages.And then if adopt low-friction material that dip plane 33a is handled, the rotational force that pedestal 33 is born further reduces, and makes more not cracky of pedestal 33.
Figure 14 is the block diagram of another embodiment of expression ceramic pins.The section of ceramic pins 36 is the butt toroidal, under the state that is held on the support 10a, about a side become plane 36a.On not shown support 10a, be formed with the perforate that the section that is used for chimeric this ceramic pins 36 is the butt toroidal.Preferably bight 36b, the 36c that passes through the side that intercepts implemented chamfered, make the stress of time spent to relax rotational force.
The circumferential position of plane 36a should be avoided being arranged to equidirectional with the falling direction 37 of braking element 10.Because falling direction is sides that guide rail 2 is cut when emergency braking apparatus 4 actions, so the application force maximum.If make plane 36a be positioned at this direction, then might cause the acute angle shape of bight 36d to be destroyed.
In contrast, if the opposite sense that plane 36a is positioned at falling direction promptly during the top, its shape can make the thermal stress shown in Figure 11 (a) obtain relaxing, and can prevent damaged simultaneously and prevents to rotate in a circumferential direction.In addition, this plane can form a plurality of, but after the increase of the quantity on this plane, the length of the end face of cutting guide rail 2 shortens, the braking force that possibly can't obtain to stipulate.
According to above-mentioned each embodiment of the present invention, because the slip side at braking element 10 is provided with a plurality of ceramic pins friction materials 12, and the shape of the slip end face of the ceramic pins 12 that will slide on guide rail 2 forms face inequality, so can relax stress, and can prevent because of the hot breakage that produces of the slip of ceramic pins.In addition, have the ceramic pins of the shape that can relax stress, make easily each ceramic pins towards in the same direction the alignment.And, even do not have the magnitude of interference during shrink fit, also can prevent pivoting of ceramic pins.
Claims (12)
1. brake shoe for elevator emergency stop that stops at the lift car that elevator takes place to make when unusual, it is characterized in that, have: keep the friction material of a plurality of ceramic and braking element that can the clamping guide rail and with this braking element by the member that is pressed on the guide rail
Described friction material is formed on the guide rail and can be heated when sliding and produces the cut shape of part of drawing stress.
2. brake shoe for elevator emergency stop that stops at the lift car that elevator takes place to make when unusual, it is characterized in that, have: keep the friction material of a plurality of ceramic and braking element that can the clamping guide rail and with this braking element by the member that is pressed on the guide rail
Described a plurality of friction material is provided with two at least on the direction of sliding along guide rail, these friction materials are formed on the opposite face side of guide rail, when it slides on guide rail, relies on the cutting action to guide rail that lift car is stopped.
3. brake shoe for elevator emergency stop according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, the friction material of described a plurality of ceramic is formed the approximate circle column, and is formed its face relative with guide rail, the cut shape of falling of the upper side of vertical direction just.
4. brake shoe for elevator emergency stop according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that described pressing member has directing plate, retaining member and rope,
Described directing plate is set in place in the rear side of the guide rail subtend face opposition side of described braking element, with braking element by being pressed on the guide rail,
Described retaining member remains on this directing plate on the lift car,
One end of described rope is connected with described braking element, and braking element is moved on vertical direction.
5. brake shoe for elevator emergency stop according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described friction material is at least a in silicon nitride, carborundum, aluminium oxide and the Sialon, and described pressing member has the member of pushing these friction material rear side.
6. brake shoe for elevator emergency stop, have braking element and pressing member, described braking element is arranged on the below of lift car, can clamping be arranged on the guide rail on the elevator lifting channel wall, when described pressing member surpasses the speed of regulation at lift car, by being pressed on the guide rail, this brake shoe for elevator emergency stop is characterised in that with this braking element
On described braking element, be formed with a plurality of recesses that the end or the end of nothing are arranged, the friction material of ceramic is entrenched in these recesses, these friction materials be installed on the braking element time side relative with guide rail the end face bottom be formed tabular, and top is formed dip plane or the curved surface that separates with guide rail.
7. brake shoe for elevator emergency stop, have braking element and pressing member, described braking element is arranged on the below of lift car, can clamping be arranged on the guide rail on the elevator lifting channel wall, when described pressing member surpasses the speed of regulation at lift car, by being pressed on the guide rail, this brake shoe for elevator emergency stop is characterised in that with this braking element
Be formed with a plurality of recesses that the end or the end of nothing are arranged on described braking element, the friction material of ceramic is entrenched in these recesses,
These friction materials be installed on the braking element time side relative with guide rail end surface shape, be formed at least a shape in the following shape, that is: the marginal portion on butt circle top be implemented chamfered shape, have only chock shape that lower side contacts with guide rail and the edge that has only top to be implemented the shape of chamfered.
8. according to claim 6 or 7 described brake shoe for elevator emergency stop, it is characterized in that the rear side of described friction material is formed the dip plane, the support member that has the same tilt face is in fact contacted with this dip plane.
9. according to claim 6 or 7 described brake shoe for elevator emergency stop, it is characterized in that, be provided with the stationary member that described friction material is fixed in described braking element.
10. brake shoe for elevator emergency stop according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the dip plane of described friction material or curved surface begin to be formed into from the upper end till the position of sixth at least of above-below direction length of friction material.
11., it is characterized in that described friction material is from the outstanding 1～3mm in the surface of described braking element according to claim 6 or 7 described brake shoe for elevator emergency stop.
12. an elevator is characterized in that, each described emergency braking apparatus in the claim 1 to 11 has been installed in the bottom of lift car.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005361174 | 2005-12-15 | ||
| JP2005-361174 | 2005-12-15 | ||
| JP2005361174A JP4779629B2 (en) | 2005-12-15 | 2005-12-15 | Elevator and emergency stop device used for it |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1982191A true CN1982191A (en) | 2007-06-20 |
| CN1982191B CN1982191B (en) | 2011-01-26 |
Family
ID=38165101
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200610164274XA Expired - Fee Related CN1982191B (en) | 2005-12-15 | 2006-12-08 | Elevator and emergency braking device for the same |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4779629B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1982191B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102256743A (en) * | 2008-12-18 | 2011-11-23 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | Brake control mechanism |
| CN102417130A (en) * | 2010-09-24 | 2012-04-18 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Emergency braking device and elevator using same |
| CN106167210A (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2016-11-30 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Emergency braking device for elevators |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5427682B2 (en) * | 2010-04-16 | 2014-02-26 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Emergency stop device and elevator using the same |
| JP5374541B2 (en) * | 2011-04-28 | 2013-12-25 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Elevator emergency stop brake, elevator emergency stop device and elevator |
| CN105837226B (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2019-08-16 | 上海泛联科技股份有限公司 | A kind of silicon nitride ceramics friction plate and the preparation method and application thereof |
| WO2019026178A1 (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2019-02-07 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Elevator brake, elevator emergency stop device, and elevator |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3294143B2 (en) * | 1996-09-10 | 2002-06-24 | 株式会社東芝 | Brake shoe for elevator emergency stop device, elevator emergency stop device, and elevator having emergency stop function |
| KR100272643B1 (en) * | 1996-09-10 | 2000-11-15 | 니시무로 타이죠 | Brake shoe for elevator emergency stop device for elevator emergency stop and elevator with emergency stop function |
| JPH11199159A (en) * | 1997-11-06 | 1999-07-27 | Otis Elevator Co | Elevator safety brake |
| JP2000130481A (en) * | 1998-10-30 | 2000-05-12 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | Disc brake device for railway rolling stock |
| JP2002193565A (en) * | 2000-12-27 | 2002-07-10 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Brake device for elevator |
-
2005
- 2005-12-15 JP JP2005361174A patent/JP4779629B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-12-08 CN CN200610164274XA patent/CN1982191B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102256743A (en) * | 2008-12-18 | 2011-11-23 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | Brake control mechanism |
| CN102256743B (en) * | 2008-12-18 | 2014-01-01 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | Brake control mechanism |
| CN102417130A (en) * | 2010-09-24 | 2012-04-18 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Emergency braking device and elevator using same |
| CN102417130B (en) * | 2010-09-24 | 2015-05-20 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Emergency braking device and elevator using same |
| CN106167210A (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2016-11-30 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Emergency braking device for elevators |
| CN106167210B (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2018-10-02 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Emergency braking device for elevators |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4779629B2 (en) | 2011-09-28 |
| JP2007161436A (en) | 2007-06-28 |
| CN1982191B (en) | 2011-01-26 |
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| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20110126 Termination date: 20181208 |