CN1972773A - Ball end mill - Google Patents

Ball end mill Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1972773A
CN1972773A CN200580013981.2A CN200580013981A CN1972773A CN 1972773 A CN1972773 A CN 1972773A CN 200580013981 A CN200580013981 A CN 200580013981A CN 1972773 A CN1972773 A CN 1972773A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
blade
end mill
ball end
aforementioned
curvature
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Granted
Application number
CN200580013981.2A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN100436014C (en
Inventor
大泽二朗
浜武恭生
青木涉
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OSG Corp
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OSG Corp
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Publication of CN1972773A publication Critical patent/CN1972773A/en
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Publication of CN100436014C publication Critical patent/CN100436014C/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C5/00Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/02Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
    • B23C5/10Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft
    • B23C5/1009Ball nose end mills
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C2210/00Details of milling cutters
    • B23C2210/08Side or top views of the cutting edge
    • B23C2210/084Curved cutting edges
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C2210/00Details of milling cutters
    • B23C2210/08Side or top views of the cutting edge
    • B23C2210/086Discontinuous or interrupted cutting edges
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/19Rotary cutting tool
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/19Rotary cutting tool
    • Y10T407/1946Face or end mill
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/19Rotary cutting tool
    • Y10T407/1946Face or end mill
    • Y10T407/1948Face or end mill with cutting edge entirely across end of tool [e.g., router bit, end mill, etc.]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/23Cutters, for shaping including tool having plural alternatively usable cutting edges

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a ball end mill capable of increasing a feed speed and a depth of cut by suppressing vibration to increase a cutting efficiency. This ball end mill (1) comprises ball edges (6a to 6c) having first edge parts (6a1 to 6c1), second edge parts (6a2 to 6c2), and third edge parts (6a3 to 6c3). Since a first radius of curvature (R1), a second radius of curvature (R2), and a third radius of curvature (R3) are set to be different from each other, the vibration of the ball end mill (1) can be suppressed by changing the direction of a cutting resistance (cutting torque) given from a work (20) to the ball end mill (1) in the radial direction of the ball end mill by the first edge parts (6a1 to 6c1), the second edge parts (6a2 to 6c2), and the third edge parts (6a3 to 6c3). As a result, the feed speed and the depth of cut can be increased to increase the cutting efficiency.

Description

Ball end mill
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ball end mill, particularly relate to by suppressing vibration and can improve feed speed or increase penetraction depth, thereby can correspondingly improve the ball end mill of stock-removing efficiency.
Background technology
In the machining of mould etc., the ball end mills that are provided with the bulb cutting edge at the axis direction end that use more.In the past, in this ball end mill, in order to improve machinability, general following formation, that is, the bulb cutting edge form to the direction of rotation of ball end mill protrude circular-arc, its radius of curvature from the interior perimembranous of bulb cutting edge to peripheral part constant (for example with reference to patent documentation 1).
Patent documentation 1: real fair 4-51928 communique
And in recent years, aspect the machining of mould etc., require to shorten the time of cutting operation.In order to shorten the time of cutting operation, that is,, need to improve feed speed or increase penetraction depth in order to improve stock-removing efficiency.
But, in ball end mill in the past, because it is constant to peripheral part from the interior perimembranous of bulb cutting edge to constitute radius of curvature, so radially focus on constant direction with respect to ball end mill from the direction that is cut the cutting resistance (cutting torque) that part bears, its result, the problem that exists ball end mill to vibrate.So can not improve feed speed or increase penetraction depth, can not improve stock-removing efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The present invention makes in order to address the above problem, and purpose is to provide a kind of and can improves feed speed or increase penetraction depth by suppressing vibration, thereby correspondingly improves the ball end mill of stock-removing efficiency.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme 1 described ball end mill, have with the axis is that the columned cutter body of rotating shaft rotation and end side and the rotational trajectory that is arranged on aforementioned cutter body are hemispheric bulb cutting edge, wherein, aforementioned bulb cutting edge have with the aforementioned axis be the 1st blade that forms of top and the terminal that is connected aforementioned the 1st blade and with the terminal of aforementioned the 1st blade be the 2nd blade that forms of top and, be connected the terminal of aforementioned the 2nd blade and be the 3rd blade that top forms with the terminal of aforementioned the 2nd blade; Aforementioned the 1st blade constitutes, observe from the end of aforementioned axis direction, form protrude to the direction of rotation of aforementioned cutter body, have the 1st radius of curvature circular-arc, aforementioned the 1st radius of curvature is with respect to the scope of outer diameter D below the above 0.10D of 0.025D; Aforementioned the 2nd blade constitutes, observe from the end of aforementioned axis direction, form direction of rotation circular-arc or linearity that protrude, that have the 2nd radius of curvature to aforementioned cutter body, form under the circular-arc situation at aforementioned the 2nd blade, aforementioned the 2nd radius of curvature is greater than aforementioned the 1st radius of curvature; Aforementioned the 3rd blade constitutes, observe from the end of aforementioned axis direction, form protrude to the direction of rotation of aforementioned cutter body, have the 3rd radius of curvature circular-arc, form under the circular-arc situation with aforementioned the 2nd radius of curvature at aforementioned the 2nd blade, aforementioned the 3rd radius of curvature is less than aforementioned the 2nd radius of curvature.
Technical scheme 2 described ball end mills, in technical scheme 1 described ball end mill, aforementioned the 1st blade constitutes, and observes from the end of aforementioned axis direction, and angle of circumference is in the scope below 120 ° more than 60 °.
According to technical scheme 1 described ball end mill, on the bulb cutting edge, have the 1st blade and the 2nd blade, the 1st radius of curvature, the 2nd radius of curvature and the 3rd radius of curvature constitute the radius of curvature (but the 2nd blade also can form linearity) that has nothing in common with each other, so have following effect, promptly, make that part bears from being cut, different at the 1st blade, the 2nd blade with the 3rd blade to the direction of the cutting resistance (cutting torque) of ball end mill radial effect, thereby can suppress the vibration of ball end mill.
Promptly, the direction that ball end mill bore from the cutting resistance that is cut part (cutting torque), it is the direction that carries in the bulb cutting edge of this ball end mill, promptly form the tangential direction of the circular arc of bulb cutting edge, so, under the situation constant to peripheral part from the interior perimembranous of bulb cutting edge of radius of curvature as ball end mill in the past, the direction of cutting resistance (cutting torque) is almost constant at the interior perimembranous and the peripheral part of bulb cutting edge, and ball end mill easily produces vibration.
Relative with it, in ball end mill of the present invention, as mentioned above, be dispersed into the direction that has nothing in common with each other owing to can make at the 1st blade, the 2nd blade and the 3rd blade, so can suppress the vibration of ball end mill from the direction that is cut the cutting resistance (cutting torque) that part bears.Its result can improve feed speed or increase penetraction depth, correspondingly can improve stock-removing efficiency.
In addition, ball end mill of the present invention constitutes, and the 1st radius of curvature is with respect to the scope of outer diameter D below the above 0.10D of 0.025D.At this, during less than 0.025D, 1st blade each other the gap adjacent at the near axis of ball end mill reduces the 1st radius of curvature, so the discharge decline of smear metal with respect to outer diameter D.Relative with it, ball end mill of the present invention is more than the 0.025D by being designed to the 1st radius of curvature with respect to outer diameter D, has guaranteed adjacent the 1st blade gap each other, can improve the discharge of smear metal.
Again, with respect to outer diameter D during less than 0.025D, 1st blade each other the gap adjacent at the near axis of ball end mill reduces in the 1st radius of curvature, and the grinding step medium plain emery wheel can be interfered with the 1st adjacent blade side.Relative with it, ball end mill of the present invention is more than the 0.025D by being designed to the 1st radius of curvature with respect to outer diameter D, can guarantee that the 1st adjacent blade gap and having each other can prevent the effect that emery wheel is interfered.Thereby in grinding step, do not need high-precision management, so can reduce the processing cost of ball end mill.
As mentioned above, when the interference of emery wheel takes place, can be subjected to the shape restriction (for example descending) of interference part along with removing of interference part will cause intensity again.Therefore, if can guarantee the 1st adjacent blade each other the gap could prevent to interfere, so the effect that can improve design freedom is arranged.
On the other hand, the 1st radius of curvature is with respect to outer diameter D during greater than 0.10D, can be as ball end mill in the past, carry in the direction of the tangent line of the 1st blade almost constant, so that part bears from being cut, do not disperse to the direction of the cutting resistance (cutting torque) of ball end mill radial effect, ball end mill is easy to generate vibration.Relative with it, ball end mill of the present invention, is below the 0.10D by being designed to the 1st radius of curvature with respect to outer diameter D, makes to carry in the direction of the tangent line of the 1st blade to be varied to a plurality of directions and the direction of disperseing cutting resistance (cutting torque), thereby the effect that can suppress the ball end mill vibration is arranged.
Again, the 1st radius of curvature is with respect to outer diameter D during greater than 0.10D, if establish penetraction depth to the axis direction of ball end mill and be boundary value 0.1D (outer diameter D 10%), then only the contact of the 1st blade is cut part, can not effectively bring into play following effect, that is, make that part bears from being cut, different at the 1st blade with the 2nd blade to the direction of the cutting resistance (cutting torque) of ball end mill radial effect.Relative with it, ball end mill of the present invention, is below the 0.10D by establishing the 1st radius of curvature with respect to outer diameter D, even when the penetraction depth of the axis direction of ball end mill is boundary value 0.1D, because being contacted with the 2nd blade, the 1st blade is cut part, so following effect is also arranged, that is, can make that part bears from being cut, different at the 1st blade with the 2nd blade to the direction of the cutting resistance (cutting torque) of ball end mill radial effect.Thereby the effect that can suppress the ball end mill vibration is arranged.
Again, ball end mill of the present invention constitutes, on the bulb cutting edge, have the 1st blade, the 2nd blade and the 3rd blade, and the 1st radius of curvature is with respect to the scope of outer diameter D below the above 0.10D of 0.025D, so compare with ball end mill in the past, can constitute the 1st radius of curvature, the 2nd radius of curvature and the 3rd radius of curvature with little radius of curvature respectively, correspondingly can increase the length of bulb cutting edge.Thereby be cut the time lengthening that part contacts with the bulb cutting edge and can reduce impact load, so has the effect that can suppress the ball end mill vibration.
And ball end mill of the present invention as mentioned above, can increase the length of bulb cutting edge, so be cut the enlarged areas that part contacts with the bulb cutting edge and can improve machinability.Its result can improve feed speed or increase penetraction depth, and the effect that can improve stock-removing efficiency is correspondingly arranged.
Specifically, when for example utilizing the metal column that forms cuboid (high a, wide b, depth c) to cut off metal wire (diameter d), compare by being pressed in to cut off on the metal wire with 1 crest line that the two sides (forming the two sides of high a and wide b) of this metal column is crossing, when utilizing the length of this crest line (depth c) metal column being slided to cut off, can shorten the required time of this cut-out.That is,, can improve stock-removing efficiency by improving machinability.
In addition, ball end mill of the present invention, the same circular-arc (the 2nd blade also can form linearity) that forms to the direction of rotation protrusion of ball end mill of the 2nd blade with the 1st blade, and link to each other with the terminal of the 1st blade, the 3rd blade and the 1st blade form equally to the direction of rotation of ball end mill protrude circular-arc, and link to each other with the terminal of the 2nd blade, therefore, smear metal is discharged smoothly along the bulb cutting edge.That is, can improve the discharge of smear metal.
Have again, ball end mill of the present invention has the 2nd blade and the 3rd blade, the 2nd radius of curvature is different radius of curvature (the 2nd blade also can form linearity) with the 3rd radius of curvature, therefore, when the peripheral part with the bulb cutting edge cuts being cut part, described the 2nd blade and the 3rd blade be cut part and contact, that part bears from being cut, different at the 2nd blade with the 3rd blade to the direction of the cutting resistance (cutting torque) of the radial effect of ball end mill, thus the vibration of ball end mill can be suppressed.
According to the ball end mill of technical scheme 2, except the effect that technical scheme 1 described ball end mill has, constitute, the angle of circumference of the 1st blade is in the scope below 120 ° more than 60 °.At this, angle of circumference is during less than 60 °, short from the top (axis of ball end mill) of the 1st blade to the length of terminal (with the connecting portion of the 2nd blade), can not effectively bring into play following effect, that is, utilize the 1st blade disperse that part bears from being cut, to the direction of the cutting resistance (cutting torque) of ball end mill radial effect.Relative with it, the ball end mill of present embodiment is more than 60 ° by being designed to angle of circumference, has increased the length of the 1st blade, can effectively bring into play the effect of the 1st blade, promptly disperses the direction of cutting resistance (cutting torque).
On the other hand, angle of circumference is during greater than 120 °, if to the penetraction depth of the axis direction of ball end mill is boundary value 0.1D (outer diameter D 10%), then only the contact of the 1st blade is cut part, can not effectively bring into play following effect, that is, make that part bears from being cut, different at the 1st blade with the 2nd blade to the direction of the cutting resistance (cutting torque) of ball end mill radial effect.Relative with it, ball end mill of the present invention, by establishing angle of circumference is below 120 °, even when the penetraction depth of the axis direction of ball end mill is boundary value 0.1D, because being contacted with the 2nd blade, the 1st blade is cut part, so following effect is also arranged, that is, can make that part bears from being cut, different at the 1st blade with the 2nd blade to the direction of the cutting resistance (cutting torque) of ball end mill radial effect.Thereby can suppress the vibration of ball end mill.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 (a) is the front view of ball end mill of expression an embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 1 (b) is the enlarged side view of the ball end mill looked of the arrow Ib direction of Fig. 1 (a).
Fig. 2 (a) and Fig. 2 (b) are the schematic diagrames that schematically shows the terminal part of ball end mill.
Fig. 3 (a) and Fig. 3 (b) are the side views that is cut part that is used for cutting test.
Description of reference numerals
1 ball end mill
2 cutter bodies
6a~6c bulb cutting edge
6a1~6c1 the 1st blade
6a2~6c2 the 2nd blade
6a3~6c3 the 3rd blade
The D external diameter
The O axis
P connecting portion (terminal of the 1st blade, the top of the 2nd blade)
Q connecting portion (terminal of the 2nd blade, the top of the 3rd blade)
R1 the 1st radius of curvature
R2 the 2nd radius of curvature
R3 the 3rd radius of curvature
The θ angle of circumference
The specific embodiment
Below, with reference to description of drawings preferred implementation of the present invention.Fig. 1 (a) is the front view of ball end mill 1 of expression an embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 1 (b) is the enlarged side view of the ball end mill 1 looked of the arrow Ib direction of Fig. 1 (a).
Ball end mill 1, it is the ball end mill of monolithic devices, the cutter holder (not shown) of the end (right side of Fig. 1) by keeping its cutter body 2 and transmitted revolving force with processing equipments such as machining centers is the cutter that is mainly used in the Free-Form Surface Machining purposes of carrying out mould etc.
Cutter body 2 is made of the carbide alloy that pressure sintering tungsten carbide (WC) etc. forms, and on one distolateral (right side of Fig. 1), handle of a knife 2a forms cylindric.By this handle of a knife 2a being remained on the cutter holder and ball end mill 1 is installed on the processing equipment.
On the other hand, another distolateral (left side of Fig. 1) at cutter body 2 shown in Fig. 1 (a), is formed with blade 3.Blade 3 mainly has chip discharging grooves 4a~4c, periphery cutting edge 5a~5c, bulb cutting edge 6a~6c, land 7a~7c, utilizes this blade 3 to carry out the Free-Form Surface Machining of mould etc.
Chip discharging grooves 4a~4c is the generation of smear metal when being used for machining, the part of holding and discharging, and 3 chip discharging grooves 4a~4c of distortion are with respect to the axes O balanced configuration of ball end mill 1.
Periphery cutting edge 5a~5c, be the cutting edge that forms at the outer circumferential side of cutter body 2,3 periphery cutting edge 5a~5c be respectively formed at each crossing crest line of land 7a~7c of being formed at blade 3 outer circumferential sides and chip discharging grooves 4a~4c with having Rack partly on.
Bulb cutting edge 6a~6c be that the end side (left side of Fig. 1) at blade 3 forms, and its rotational trajectory constitutes hemispheric cutting edge.This bulb cutting edge 6a~6c, the same with above-mentioned periphery cutting edge 5a~5c, be respectively formed on each crossing crest line part of land 7a~7c and chip discharging grooves 4a~4c, and conjointly form with above-mentioned 3 periphery cutting edge 5a~5c.
Again, bulb cutting edge 6a~6c, in the end view [the arrow Ib direction view of Fig. 1 (a)] of the axes O direction of ball end mill 1, shown in Fig. 1 (b), extend to axes O from outer circumferential side, and form to the direction of rotation [counter clockwise direction of Fig. 1 (b)] of ball end mill 1 protrude circular-arc.At this, describe bulb cutting edge 6a~6c in detail with reference to Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that schematically shows the terminal part of ball end mill 1.Fig. 2 (a) is the schematic diagram with bulb cutting edge 6a~6c plane projection gained, and Fig. 2 (b) is an enlarged diagram behind the partial enlarged drawing 2 (a), bulb cutting edge 6a~6c.In addition, in Fig. 2 (b), omitted the diagram of the outer circumferential side of bulb cutting edge 6a~6c.
Bulb cutting edge 6a~6c comprises shown in Fig. 2 (a): with the axes O of ball end mill 1 is the 1st blade 6a1~6c1 of forming of top, the terminal that is connected the 1st blade 6a1~6c1 and the 2nd blade 6a2~6c2 that this connecting portion P is formed as top and the terminal that is connected the 2nd blade 6a2~6c2 and the 3rd blade 6a3~6c3 that this connecting portion Q is formed as top.
The 1st blade 6a1~6c1 is the part that constitutes the interior perimembranous of bulb cutting edge 6a~6c, shown in Fig. 2 (a), form protrude to the direction of rotation [counter clockwise direction of Fig. 2 (a)] of ball end mill 1, have the 1st radius of curvature R 1 circular-arc.
In addition, the 1st radius of curvature R 1 is preferably designed for the radius of curvature with respect to the scope of outer diameter D (diameter of blade 3 maximums, but referring to the diameter of external diameter than small end under the situation of tapering slotting cutter) below the above 0.10D of 0.025D.At this, during less than 0.025D, near the 1st adjacent axes O of ball end mill 1 blade 6a1~6c1 gap each other reduces the 1st radius of curvature R 1, so the discharge decline of smear metal with respect to outer diameter D.Relative with it, the ball end mill 1 of present embodiment is more than the 0.025D by being designed to the 1st radius of curvature R 1 with respect to outer diameter D, has guaranteed adjacent the 1st blade 6a1~6c1 gap each other, can improve the discharge of smear metal.
Again, with respect to outer diameter D during less than 0.025D, near the 1st adjacent axes O of ball end mill 1 blade 6a1~6c1 gap each other reduces in the 1st radius of curvature R 1, and the grinding step medium plain emery wheel can be interfered with adjacent the 1st blade 6a1~6c1 side.Relative with it, the ball end mill 1 of present embodiment is more than the 0.025D by being designed to the 1st radius of curvature R 1 with respect to outer diameter D, can guarantee the 1st adjacent blade 6a1~6c1 each other the gap and prevent the interference of emery wheel.Thereby in grinding step, do not need high-precision management, so can reduce the processing cost of ball end mill 1.
As mentioned above, when the interference of emery wheel takes place, can be subjected to the shape restriction (for example descending) of interference part along with removing of interference part will cause intensity again.Therefore, if can guarantee the 1st adjacent blade 6a1~6c1 each other the gap could prevent to interfere, so can improve the free degree of design.
On the other hand, the 1st radius of curvature R 1 is with respect to outer diameter D during greater than 0.10D, can be as ball end mill in the past, carry in the direction of the tangent line of the 1st blade 6a1~6c1 almost constant, so that part bears from being cut, do not disperse to the direction of the cutting resistance (cutting torque) of ball end mill 1 radial effect, ball end mill 1 is easy to generate vibration.Relative with it, the ball end mill 1 of present embodiment, is below the 0.10D by being designed to the 1st radius of curvature R 1 with respect to outer diameter D, make to carry over to be varied to a plurality of directions and the direction of disperseing cutting resistance (cutting torque), thereby can suppress the vibration of ball end mill 1 in the direction of the tangent line of the 1st blade 6a1~6c1.
Again, the 1st radius of curvature R 1 is with respect to outer diameter D during greater than 0.10D, if establish penetraction depth to the axes O direction of ball end mill 1 and be boundary value 0.1D (outer diameter D 10%), then only the 1st blade 6a1~6c1 contact is cut part, can not effectively bring into play following effect, that is, shown in the arrow of Fig. 2 (b), make that part bears from being cut, different at the 1st blade 6a1~6c1 with the 2nd blade 6a2~6c2 to the direction of the cutting resistance (cutting torque) of ball end mill 1 radial effect.Relative with it, the ball end mill 1 of present embodiment, is below the 0.10D by establishing the 1st radius of curvature R 1 with respect to outer diameter D, even when the penetraction depth of the axes O direction of ball end mill 1 is boundary value 0.1D, owing to the 1st blade 6a1~6c1 is contacted with the 2nd blade 6a2~6c2 be cut part, so also can make that part bears from being cut, different at the 1st blade 6a1~6c1 with the 2nd blade 6a2~6c2 to the direction of the cutting resistance (cutting torque) of ball end mill 1 radial effect.Thereby can suppress the vibration of ball end mill 1.
In addition, outer diameter D is preferably more than the 1mm.At this, during less than 1mm, near the 1st adjacent axes O of ball end mill 1 blade 6a1~6c1 gap each other reduces in outer diameter D, and the grinding step medium plain emery wheel can interfere with the 1st adjacent blade 6a1~6c1.Relative with it, be more than the 1mm by being designed to outer diameter D, can guarantee the 1st adjacent blade 6a1~6c1 each other the gap and prevent the interference of emery wheel.In addition, in the present embodiment, outer diameter D is 12mm, and the 1st radius of curvature R 1 is 0.75mm, with respect to outer diameter D (D=12mm), and R1=0.0625D, each the 1st radius of curvature R 1 of each the 1st blade 6a1~6c1 all is same radius of curvature.
Again, the 1st blade 6a1~6c1 is formed in the scope of angle of circumference θ shown in Fig. 2 (a).
Angle of circumference θ is preferably designed for the angle of circumference of 120 ° of following scopes more than 60 °.At this, angle of circumference is during less than 60 °, short from the top (the axes O portion of ball end mill 1) of the 1st blade 6a1~6c1 to the length of terminal (connecting portion P), can not effectively bring into play following effect, that is, utilize the 1st blade 6a1~6c1 disperse that part bears from being cut, to the direction of the cutting resistance (cutting torque) of ball end mill 1 radial effect.Relative with it, the ball end mill 1 of present embodiment is more than 60 ° by being designed to angle of circumference, has increased the length of the 1st blade 6a1~6c1, can effectively bring into play the effect of the 1st blade 6a1~6c1, promptly disperses the direction of cutting resistance (cutting torque).
On the other hand, angle of circumference is during greater than 120 °, if to the penetraction depth of the axes O direction of ball end mill 1 is boundary value 0.1D (outer diameter D 10%), then only the 1st blade 6a1~6c1 contact is cut part, can not effectively bring into play following effect, that is, shown in the arrow of Fig. 2 (b), make that part bears from being cut, different at the 1st blade 6a1~6c1 with the 2nd blade 6a2~6c2 to the direction of the cutting resistance (cutting torque) of ball end mill 1 radial effect.
Relative with it, the ball end mill 1 of present embodiment, by establishing angle of circumference is below 120 °, even when the penetraction depth of the axes O direction of ball end mill 1 is boundary value 0.1D, owing to the 1st blade 6a1~6c1 is contacted with the 2nd blade 6a2~6c2 be cut part, so also can make that part bears from being cut, different at the 1st blade 6a1~6c1 with the 2nd blade 6a2~6c2 to the direction of the cutting resistance (cutting torque) of ball end mill 1 radial effect.Thereby can suppress the vibration of ball end mill 1.In addition, in the present embodiment, this angle of circumference θ is 90 °, and each angle of circumference θ of each the 1st blade 6a1~6c1 is same angle of circumference.
The 2nd blade 6a2~6c2, constitute the 1st blade 6a1~6c1 of bulb cutting edge 6a~6c and the pars intermedia of the 3rd blade 6a3~6c3, shown in Fig. 2 (a), form that direction of rotation [counter clockwise direction of Fig. 2 (a)] to ball end mill 1 is protruded, have the 2nd radius of curvature R 2 circular-arc, perhaps, become the tangent line that the 1st blade 6a1~6c1 terminal (connecting portion P) is located, and form linearity.In the present embodiment, form linearity.
In addition, shown in Fig. 2 (a), (connecting portion P) is length L to the length of terminal (connecting portion Q) to the 2nd blade 6a2~6c2 from top.
Preferably, the Position Design of the terminal of the 2nd blade 6a2~6c2 (connecting portion Q) becomes, and makes length L be in scope below the above 0.30D of 0.20D with respect to outer diameter D.Here, if the Position Design of connecting portion Q is become, make length L with respect to outer diameter D less than 0.20D, then the radius of curvature of the 3rd blade 6a3~6c3 is bigger, thereby carry in the tangential direction of the 3rd blade 6a3~6c3 and change hardly, make that part bears from being cut, do not disperse to the direction of the cutting resistance (cutting torque) of the radial effect of ball end mill 1, ball end mill 1 is easy to generate vibration.With respect to this, in the ball end mill 1 of present embodiment, the Position Design of connecting portion Q is become, make length L with respect to outer diameter D more than 0.20D, thereby carry over and change in the tangential direction of the 3rd blade 6a3~6c3 towards a plurality of directions and the direction of cutting resistance (cutting torque) is disperseed, thereby can suppress the vibration of ball end mill 1.
On the other hand, if the Position Design of connecting portion Q is become, make length L with respect to outer diameter D greater than 0.30D, then the 3rd blade 6a3~6c3 can not link to each other sleekly with periphery cutting edge 5a~5c, causes the discharge reduction of smear metal.With respect to this, in the ball end mill 1 of present embodiment, the Position Design of connecting portion Q is become, make length L with respect to outer diameter D below 0.30D, thereby can improve the discharge of smear metal.In the present embodiment, with the Position Design one-tenth of connecting portion Q, length L is 3.0mm, with respect to outer diameter D (D=12mm), and L=0.25D, each the 2nd blade 6a2~6c2 length L separately is identical length.
The 3rd blade 6a3~6c3, it is the part that constitutes the peripheral part of bulb cutting edge 6a~6c, shown in Fig. 2 (a), form that direction of rotation [counter clockwise direction of Fig. 2 (a)] to ball end mill 1 is protruded, have the 3rd radius of curvature R 3 circular-arc, and, locate at the top of the 3rd blade 6a3~6c3 (connecting portion Q), the 2nd blade 6a2~6c2 is a tangent line.
In addition, the 3rd radius of curvature R 3 preferably is made as the radius of curvature with respect to the scope of outer diameter D below the above 0.45D of 0.35D.At this, the 3rd radius of curvature R 3 is with respect to outer diameter D during less than 0.35D, thereby the 3rd blade 6a3~6c3 and periphery cutting edge 5a~5c can not the slick and sly discharge declines that links smear metal.Relative with it, the ball end mill 1 of present embodiment is more than the 0.35D, can improves the discharge of smear metal by being made as the 3rd radius of curvature R 3 with respect to outer diameter D.
On the other hand, the 3rd radius of curvature R 3 is with respect to outer diameter D during greater than 0.45D, as ball end mill in the past, carry in the direction of the tangent line of the 3rd blade 6a3~6c3 almost constant, so that part bears from being cut, do not disperse to the direction of the cutting resistance (cutting torque) of ball end mill 1 radial effect, ball end mill 1 is easy to generate vibration.
Relative with it, the ball end mill 1 of present embodiment, is below the 0.45D by being designed to the 3rd radius of curvature R 3 with respect to outer diameter D, make to carry over to be varied to a plurality of directions and the direction of disperseing cutting resistance (cutting torque), thereby can suppress the vibration of ball end mill 1 in the direction of the tangent line of the 3rd blade 6a3~6c3.In addition, in the present embodiment, the 3rd radius of curvature R 3 is 4.8mm, with respect to outer diameter D (D=12mm), and R3=0.40D, each the 3rd radius of curvature R 3 of each the 3rd blade 6a3~6c3 all is same radius of curvature.
The following describes the cutting test that ball end mill 1 that utilization as above constitutes carries out.Fig. 3 (a) and Fig. 3 (b) are the side views that is cut part 20 that is used for cutting test, have omitted the diagram of the width (right direction of Fig. 3) that is cut part 20.
In cutting test, make ball end mill 1 vertically opposed with the face that the is cut 20a that is cut setting on the part 20, driving this ball end mill 1 rotates around axes O, and its machining condition (axes O direction penetraction depth aa) with regulation is moved to the direction perpendicular to axes O, the vibration (cutting resistance) that produces on the ball end mill in cutting 1 is thus measured.Cutting test is to carry out with two groups of different parameters of aftermentioned (following be called respectively " cutting test 1 " and " cutting test 2 ").
The detail parameters of cutting test 1 is as follows, is cut part 20:JIS-S50C; Cutting oil material: do not use (utilizing air blast to carry out DRY CUTTING); Use machinery: horizontal Machining centers; Main axis rotation speed: 4000 commentaries on classics/min; Table feed speed: 1000mm/min; Axes O direction penetraction depth aa:0.5mm (with reference to Fig. 3 (a)).
The detail parameters of cutting test 2 is identical with the major parameter of above-mentioned cutting test 1, but axes O direction penetraction depth aa sets for, in the ball end mill 1 of present embodiment only the 2nd blade 6a2~6c2 contact (with reference to Fig. 3 (b)) with the face 20a of being cut with the 3rd blade 6a3~6c3.
Again, in cutting test 1 and cutting test 2, the radius of curvature of using the ball end mill 1 (below be called " product of the present invention ") of explanation in the present embodiment and bulb cutting edge is from the interior perimembranous of bulb cutting edge to the constant ball end mill of peripheral part (below be called " existing product ").In addition, product of the present invention and existing product all be same cutter material (carbide alloy), and the sword number of these bulb cutting edges are 3.Again, existing product, when the end of ball end mill axis direction was observed, the radius of curvature of bulb cutting edge was 14.4mm (being 3 times of the 3rd radius of curvature R 3 of the 3rd blade 6a3~6c3 of product of the present invention), and the radius of curvature of 3 cutting edges is same radius of curvature.
According to the result of cutting test 1 as can be known, existing product since the direction of cutting resistance (cutting torque) with respect to ball end mill radially focus on constant direction, so ball end mill easily produces vibration.Specifically, the mean value of cutting torque was 180Nm when the cutting time was 10 seconds, and the amplitude of this cutting torque is 150Nm (maximum of amplitude is 230Nm).
Distinguished that on the other hand product of the present invention is because the direction that can make cutting resistance (cutting torque) is with respect to radially the disperseing towards a plurality of directions of ball end mill 1, so compare the vibration that can suppress ball end mill 1 with existing product.Specifically, the mean value of cutting torque was 140Nm when the cutting time was 10 seconds, and the amplitude of this cutting torque is 70Nm (maximum of amplitude is 100Nm).
In addition, by the result of cutting test 2 as can be known, existing product is because of at radially constant with respect to ball end mill of the direction of the peripheral part cutting resistance (cutting torque) of bulb cutting edge, so ball end mill is easy to generate vibration.Specifically, the cutting time, the mean value of cutting torque was 380Nm when being 5 seconds, and the amplitude of this cutting torque is 220Nm (maximum of amplitude is 500Nm).
On the other hand, in the product of the present invention, the direction of cutting resistance (cutting torque) is different with the 3rd blade 6a3~6c3 at the 2nd blade 6a2~6c2, thereby compares with existing product, can suppress the vibration of ball end mill 1.Specifically, the cutting time, the mean value of cutting torque was 290Nm when being 5 seconds, and the amplitude of this cutting torque is 100Nm (maximum of amplitude is 150Nm).
As described above, ball end mill 1 has the 1st blade 6a1~6c1 on bulb cutting edge 6a~6c, the 2nd blade 6a2~6c2 and the 3rd blade 6a3~6c3, the 1st radius of curvature R 1, the 2nd radius of curvature R 2 and the 3rd radius of curvature R 3 are that the radius of curvature that has nothing in common with each other is (in the present embodiment, the 2nd blade 6a2~6c2 forms linearity), part 20 bears from being cut so can make, to the direction of the cutting resistance (cutting torque) of ball end mill 1 radial effect at the 1st blade 6a1~6c1, the 2nd blade 6a2~6c2 different with the 3rd blade 6a3~6c3 [with reference to Fig. 2 (b)], thus the vibration of ball end mill 1 can be suppressed.
Promptly, the direction that ball end mill 1 is born from the cutting resistance that is cut part 20 (cutting torque), it is the direction that carries in the bulb cutting edge 6a~6c of this ball end mill 1, promptly form the tangential direction of the circular arc of bulb cutting edge 6a~6c, so, under the situation constant to peripheral part of radius of curvature as ball end mill in the past from the interior perimembranous of bulb cutting edge 6a~6c, the direction of cutting resistance (cutting torque) is almost constant at interior perimembranous and the peripheral part of bulb cutting edge 6a~6c, and ball end mill 1 easily produces vibration.
Relative with it, the ball end mill 1 of present embodiment, as mentioned above, owing to can make from the direction that is cut the cutting resistance (cutting torque) that part 20 bears and be dispersed into different directions respectively, so can suppress the vibration of ball end mill 1 at the 1st blade 6a1~6c1, the 2nd blade 6a2~6c2 and the 3rd blade 6a3~6c3.Its result can improve feed speed or increase penetraction depth, correspondingly can improve stock-removing efficiency.
Again, the ball end mill 1 of present embodiment, on bulb cutting edge 6a~6c, have the 1st blade 6a1~6c1, the 2nd blade 6a2~6c2 and the 3rd blade 6a3~6c3, and the 1st radius of curvature R 1 is with respect to the scope of outer diameter D below the above 0.10D of 0.025D, so compare with ball end mill in the past, can constitute the 1st radius of curvature R the 1, the 2nd radius of curvature R 2 and the 3rd radius of curvature R 3 with little radius of curvature respectively, the length of the bulb cutting edge 6a~6c that correspondingly can extend.Like this, it is elongated and can alleviate impact load to be cut time that face 20a contacts with bulb cutting edge 6a~6c, so can suppress the vibration of ball end mill 1.
And the length of bulb cutting edge 6a~6c because the ball end mill 1 of present embodiment can extend as mentioned above is so be cut the area increase that face 20a contacts with bulb cutting edge 6a~6c and can improve machinability.Its result can improve feed speed or increase penetraction depth, correspondingly can improve stock-removing efficiency.
In addition, the ball end mill 1 of present embodiment, the same circular-arc (the 2nd blade 6a2~6c2 forms linearity in the present embodiment) that forms to the direction of rotation protrusion of ball end mill 1 of the 2nd blade 6a2~6c2 with the 1st blade 6a1~6c1, and link to each other with the terminal (connecting portion P) of the 1st blade 6a1~6c1, the 3rd blade 6a3~6c3 and the 1st blade 6a1~6c1 form equally to the direction of rotation of ball end mill 1 protrude circular-arc, and link to each other with the terminal (connecting portion Q) of the 2nd blade 6a2~6c2, therefore, smear metal is discharged smoothly along bulb cutting edge 6a~6c.That is, can improve the discharge of smear metal.
Have again, the ball end mill 1 of present embodiment has the 2nd blade 6a2~6c2 and the 3rd blade 6a3~6c3, the 2nd radius of curvature R 2 is different radius of curvature (the 2nd blade 6a2~6c2 forms linearity in the present embodiment) with the 3rd radius of curvature R 3, therefore, when the peripheral part with bulb cutting edge 6a~6c cuts being cut part 20, described the 2nd blade 6a2~6c2 contacts with the face 20a of being cut with the 3rd blade 6a3~6c3, part 20 bears from being cut, direction to the cutting resistance (cutting torque) of the radial effect of ball end mill 1 is different with the 3rd blade 6a3~6c3 at the 2nd blade 6a2~6c2, thereby can suppress the vibration of ball end mill 1.
More than utilize embodiment that the present invention has been described, but the invention is not restricted to above-mentioned embodiment, can infer easily, in the scope that does not exceed aim of the present invention, can carry out various improvement changes.
For example, in the present embodiment, ball end mill 1 is 3 sword slotting cutters with 3 cutting edges, but is not limited thereto, and also ball end mill 1 can be constituted for example 2 swords or the slotting cutter more than 4 swords.At this moment, also as above-mentioned embodiment, can make from the direction that is cut the cutting resistance (cutting torque) that part 20 bears with respect to the radial dispersion of ball end mill 1, can suppress the vibration of ball end mill 1 to a plurality of directions.
Again, in the present embodiment, the 1st radius of curvature R 1 and the 3rd radius of curvature R 3 constitute with same radius of curvature on all the 1st blade 6a1~6c1 and the 3rd blade 6a3~6c3, but also can constitute with different radius of curvature respectively on each the 1st blade 6a1~6c1 and the 3rd blade 6a3~6c3.
Have, in the present embodiment, the 2nd blade 6a2~6c2 forms linearity again, but can form also that direction of rotation (counter clockwise direction among Fig. 2 (a)) to ball end mill 1 is protruded, have the 2nd radius of curvature R 2 circular-arc.

Claims (2)

1. ball end mill, having with the axis is that the columned cutter body of rotating shaft rotation and end side and the rotational trajectory that is arranged on aforementioned cutter body are hemispheric bulb cutting edge, it is characterized in that:
Aforementioned bulb cutting edge have with the aforementioned axis be the 1st blade that forms of top and the terminal that is connected aforementioned the 1st blade and with the terminal of aforementioned the 1st blade be the 2nd blade that forms of top and, be connected the terminal of aforementioned the 2nd blade and be the 3rd blade that top forms with the terminal of aforementioned the 2nd blade;
Aforementioned the 1st blade constitutes, observe from the end of aforementioned axis direction, form protrude to the direction of rotation of aforementioned cutter body, have the 1st radius of curvature circular-arc, aforementioned the 1st radius of curvature is with respect to the scope of outer diameter D below the above 0.10D of 0.025D;
Aforementioned the 2nd blade constitutes, observe from the end of aforementioned axis direction, form direction of rotation circular-arc or linearity that protrude, that have the 2nd radius of curvature to aforementioned cutter body, form under the circular-arc situation at aforementioned the 2nd blade, aforementioned the 2nd radius of curvature is greater than aforementioned the 1st radius of curvature;
Aforementioned the 3rd blade constitutes, observe from the end of aforementioned axis direction, form protrude to the direction of rotation of aforementioned cutter body, have the 3rd radius of curvature circular-arc, form under the circular-arc situation with aforementioned the 2nd radius of curvature at aforementioned the 2nd blade, aforementioned the 3rd radius of curvature is less than aforementioned the 2nd radius of curvature.
2. ball end mill as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: aforementioned the 1st blade constitutes, and observes from the end of aforementioned axis direction, and angle of circumference is in the scope below 120 ° more than 60 °.
CNB2005800139812A 2005-10-18 2005-10-18 Ball end mill Active CN100436014C (en)

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EP1935541A4 (en) 2008-09-24
JPWO2007046132A1 (en) 2009-04-23
US20080286058A1 (en) 2008-11-20
CN100436014C (en) 2008-11-26
JP4407975B2 (en) 2010-02-03
DE602005018690D1 (en) 2010-02-11
WO2007046132A1 (en) 2007-04-26
EP1935541B1 (en) 2009-12-30
US7618219B2 (en) 2009-11-17

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