CN1968851A - 承载窗 - Google Patents

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CN1968851A
CN1968851A CNA2005800193554A CN200580019355A CN1968851A CN 1968851 A CN1968851 A CN 1968851A CN A2005800193554 A CNA2005800193554 A CN A2005800193554A CN 200580019355 A CN200580019355 A CN 200580019355A CN 1968851 A CN1968851 A CN 1968851A
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load bearing
aircraft
frame portion
bearing window
window
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CN100486866C (zh
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詹姆斯·J·萨蒙
斯科特·麦基
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Boeing Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/86—Incorporated in coherent impregnated reinforcing layers, e.g. by winding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/74—Moulding material on a relatively small portion of the preformed part, e.g. outsert moulding
    • B29C70/76—Moulding on edges or extremities of the preformed part
    • B29C70/763—Moulding on edges or extremities of the preformed part the edges being disposed in a substantial flat plane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
    • B64C1/14—Windows; Doors; Hatch covers or access panels; Surrounding frame structures; Canopies; Windscreens accessories therefor, e.g. pressure sensors, water deflectors, hinges, seals, handles, latches, windscreen wipers
    • B64C1/1476—Canopies; Windscreens or similar transparent elements
    • B64C1/1484—Windows
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
    • B64C1/14—Windows; Doors; Hatch covers or access panels; Surrounding frame structures; Canopies; Windscreens accessories therefor, e.g. pressure sensors, water deflectors, hinges, seals, handles, latches, windscreen wipers
    • B64C1/1476—Canopies; Windscreens or similar transparent elements
    • B64C1/1492—Structure and mounting of the transparent elements in the window or windscreen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3076—Aircrafts
    • B29L2031/3082—Fuselages
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/40—Weight reduction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
  • Mounting Of Bearings Or Others (AREA)
  • Reverberation, Karaoke And Other Acoustics (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Gloves (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于移动平台如飞机的实质上坚固、重量轻的承载窗。该窗包括，具有碳强化树脂结构的边框部分(18)，以及具有玻璃纤维强化树脂结构的透明部分(20)。在边框部分中形成多个孔，用于使多个连接器(22)插入其中。边框部分的横截面积(即厚度)小于透明部分的横截面积，这样边框部分适于装配在飞机表皮(14)的后面。连接器将窗固定到飞机表皮上。窗有效地形成坚固的、结构完整的一部分表皮。

Description

承载窗
技术领域
本发明涉及一种飞机窗，且更特别地涉及用于飞机的承载窗组件。
背景技术
大多数商用飞机乘客窗的尺寸相对较小。部分原因是由于目前透明窗材料有限的性能，而且还由于在飞机框架中支承这些窗需要沉重而复杂的支承结构。
典型地，这些透明的窗材料由透明聚合物构成。尽管在工业应用上非常成功，并表现出诸如高耐用性及易于形成复杂形状这样的有益特性，但是这些聚合物具有有限的强度性能。而且，这些窗需要沉重的支承结构，以便将窗支承在飞机的结构表皮中。这种支承结构通常具有窗锻件和纵梁。每个部件都设计为能使围绕并支承窗的表皮壁板得到强化。然而，反过来，每个增加的部件会增加整个窗组件的成本和重量，由此产生的动机是将乘客窗保持得相对较小。
然而，随着纤维强化的塑料材料可制造性的改进，这种材料可以更容易地用于构建透明窗，其甚至比之前制造的飞机窗组件更轻、更强。因而，需要提供一种使用透明的纤维强化塑料材料的承载窗，与传统的飞机窗相比，其部件更少、重量更轻，并增加了承载能力。
发明内容
一种用于飞机的承载窗，包括具有碳强化树脂结构的边框部分和具有玻璃纤维强化树脂结构的透明部分。多个连接器位于边框部分中。边框部分的横截面积小于透明部分的横截面积，这样边框部分适于装配在飞机表皮的后面。透明部分适于与飞机表皮平齐，且连接器适于固定在飞机表皮上。
本发明的特征、功能和优点可在本发明的各种实施例中独立地实现、或者可在其他实施例中结合。
附图说明
从详细的说明书和附图中，可更全面地理解本发明，其中：
图1为带有根据本发明原理构建的承载窗的飞机前部的局部侧视图；
图2为本发明的承载窗的正视图；
图3为从图1箭头3-3方向所做的本发明的承载窗以及飞机的侧向剖视图；
图4为图3中由箭头4-4所示区域的分解图，显示了本发明的承载窗和飞机机身结构的连接方式。
具体实施方式
优选实施例的以下描述实际上仅是示例性的，且绝不意在限制本发明，及其应用或使用。
参见图1，图示了根据本发明原理构建的、安装在移动平台上的承载窗10的优选实施例，在本例中，移动平台为示例性的飞机12。在提供的特定实施例中，承载窗10显示为是飞机12的侧窗。然而，应理解的是，该承载窗10可用于飞机12的任何部分且可包括驾驶员座舱窗或飞机门的窗。飞机12通常具有围绕承载窗10的机身表皮14。传统的已有技术的侧窗在图1中用虚线表示，并通常用参考数字16指示。可见，与传统已有技术的侧窗16相比，承载窗10具有较大的可视范围。
现在转向图2，承载窗10通常具有边框部分18和透明部分20。边框部分18和透明部分20用强化树脂整体形成。制造边框部分18和透明部分20的方法披露于共同转让的美国专利申请No.＿＿＿中，其通过参考将其全部内容整合在此，就像在文中完全阐述一样。边框部分18用碳强化并且是不透明的。备选地，边框部分18可用铝或钛石墨强化。然而，应理解的是，可以采用各种其他合适的强化形式。透明部分20用玻璃纤维强化，并且文中所用的玻璃纤维和树脂具有相同的折射率。在围绕透明部分20的边框部分18中形成多个孔23，用于容纳相应的多个连接器22。连接器22可包括螺纹紧固件、铆钉或任何其他合适类型的紧固件。虽然在所提供的特定实施例中，承载窗10显示为具有椭圆形状，但是应理解，也可以采用各种其他的窗形状，例如，比如圆形或矩形的窗。
参见图3，承载窗10显示为安装在机身表皮14上。机身表皮14优选地为铝或碳表皮，尽管承载窗10还可以安装在蜂窝结构的表皮上。承载窗10有效地起到结构强化“补足物”的作用，该结构强化“补足物”应用于形成在机身表皮14中的孔24上。因而，已装配的承载窗10和机身表皮14起到类似于结构修理的作用，并可以用结构修理分析法来分析承载能力。形成在机身表皮14中的孔24可代替传统的窗结构16(图1)。因而，如图3所示，飞机12的紧靠承载窗10的区域的内壁结构围绕孔24调整大小，其中内壁结构通常由参考数字26指示。
现在转向图4，承载窗10的边框部分18通过连接器22与机身表皮14的内表面28连接。如图4可见，边框部分18形成周缘阶梯部分和透明部分20的阶梯，透明部分20的横截面积比边框部分18的横截面积大。这就允许边框部分18与机身表皮14的内表面28平齐装配，同时允许透明部分20对准机身表皮14的外表面30。主加压密封件32将机身表皮14的内表面28密封到承载窗10的边框部分18。次加压密封件34将机身表皮14的外表面密封到承载窗10，以防止雨水进入其中。
优选地，连接器22形成双排，如图2和4中可见，并具有螺栓或其他合适的强紧固件。然而，应理解的是，可以采用任何排数的孔23，以及可以使用各种其他形式的固定方式，例如，比如粘接。孔23显示为布置成平行的两排，但只要易于实施也可以采用其他结构形式。
一旦安装好，承载窗10将通过边框部分18并部分地通过透明部分20、通过位于其中的强化纤维，来承受来自机身表皮14的载荷(例如压力或冲击荷载)。通过模块化地将承载窗10安装到常规机身表皮14中，可以移除传统窗组件的沉重的铸造和锻造的强化组件，而不会牺牲强度。而且，为了安装承载窗10，很少需要或不需要，对机身表皮14本身进行额外改造或对机身的建造方法进行改造。
应理解，尽管该承载窗10显示为用于飞机上，但其也可以容易地实施在其他类型的移动平台上，例如公共汽车、轮船、火车、动力飞行器及需要至少一个窗的任何其他的航空飞行器。
尽管已对各种优选实施例进行了描述，但是本领域技术人员应理解，可在不脱离本发明构思的范围内，进行改造或改变。实施例显示了本发明，且并不意在对其进行限制。因此，说明书和权利要求应该仅在考虑有关现有技术的情况下以必要的限制进行自由解释。

Claims (12)

1、一种用于移动平台的承载窗，包括：
具有强化树脂结构的边框部分；
具有强化树脂结构的透明部分；以及
位于所述边框部分中的多个连接器；
其中所述边框部分具有的横截面积小于所述透明部分的横截面积，这样所述边框部分适于紧邻所述移动平台的表皮装配，所述透明部分适于大致与所述移动平台的表皮平齐，并且其中，所述连接器适于固定到所述飞机的表皮上。
2、根据权利要去1所述的承载窗，其中所述多个连接器围绕所述边框部分延伸成双排。
3、根据权利要求1所述的承载窗，其中所述承载窗适于用作飞机中的模块化补足物，以代替现有的飞机窗。
4、根据权利要求1所述的承载窗，其中所述边框部分包括作为增强剂的碳。
5、根据权利要求1所述的承载窗，其中所述透明部分包括玻璃纤维，并且所述玻璃纤维和所述树脂具有大致相等的折射率。
6、一种带有承载窗的飞机，包括：
具有内表面和外表面的机身表皮；
安装在所述机身表皮中的承载窗，所述承载窗包括：
具有强化树脂结构的边框部分；
具有强化树脂结构的透明部分；以及
位于所述边框部分中的多个连接器；
其中，所述多个连接器固定在所述机身表皮上，这样所述边框配合到所述内表面，而所述透明部分大致与所述外表面平齐；以及
其中所述连接器将所述承载窗固定在所述机身表皮上，并且载荷通过所述机身表皮、通过所述边框部分传递并传递至所述透明部分。
7、根据权利要求6所述的飞机，进一步包括第一密封件，其安装在所述机身表皮的所述外表面和所述承载窗的所述透明部分之间。
8、根据权利要求6所述的飞机，进一步包括第二密封件，其安装在所述机身表皮的所述内表面与所述承载窗的所述边框部分之间。
9、根据权利要求6所述的飞机，其中所述多个连接器围绕所述边框部分延伸成双排。
10、根据权利要求6所述的飞机，其中所述承载窗适于用作飞机中的模块化补足物，以代替现有的飞机窗。
11、根据权利要求6所述的飞机，其中所述边框部分包括作为增强成分的碳。
12、根据权利要求6所述的飞机，其中所述透明部分用玻璃纤维强化，所述玻璃纤维和所述树脂具有大致相等的折射率。
CNB2005800193554A 2004-05-10 2005-05-05 承载窗 Active CN100486866C (zh)

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US10/842,615 US7028950B2 (en) 2004-05-10 2004-05-10 Load bearing window
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EP (1) EP1744950B1 (zh)
JP (2) JP4717880B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN100486866C (zh)
AT (1) ATE476358T1 (zh)
CA (1) CA2566244C (zh)
DE (1) DE602005022695D1 (zh)
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US7028950B2 (en) 2006-04-18
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US20050247822A1 (en) 2005-11-10
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