CN1953749B - 1-(取代苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1h)吡啶酮(ⅰ)化合物用于制备抗器官或组织纤维化药物的应用 - Google Patents

1-(取代苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1h)吡啶酮(ⅰ)化合物用于制备抗器官或组织纤维化药物的应用 Download PDF

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CN1953749B
CN1953749B CN2006800002161A CN200680000216A CN1953749B CN 1953749 B CN1953749 B CN 1953749B CN 2006800002161 A CN2006800002161 A CN 2006800002161A CN 200680000216 A CN200680000216 A CN 200680000216A CN 1953749 B CN1953749 B CN 1953749B
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pyridone
fibrosis
fluorofenidone
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陶立坚
胡高云
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Haikou Pharmaceutical Factory Co., Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明涉及1-(取代苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮化合物在制备抗器官或组织纤维化药物中的用途。结果表明,1-(取代苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮对各种ECM产生细胞具有抑制作用,且其作用强于吡非尼酮。因此,该类化合物可作为制备抗器官或组织纤维化药物的活性成分。

Description

1-(取代苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮(Ⅰ)化合物用于制备抗器官或组织纤维化药物的应用
技术领域
本发明涉及1-(取代苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮化合物的用途,具体地是在制备抗器官或组织纤维化药物中的用途。
背景技术
纤维化(fibrosis)可发生于多种器官或组织,引起器官或组织内实质细胞减少,纤维结缔组织增多,最终可导致器官或组织结构破坏和功能减退,甚至器官衰竭。目前对器官或组织纤维化的发生机制、诊断方法和防治措施已进行了广泛的研究,现有技术中,在某些方面已取得了长足的进步,但仍有一些关键问题没有解决。
现已知,器官或组织纤维化是由于多种原因(如炎症、免疫、毒物、缺血及血流动力学改变等)引起实质细胞损伤,然后导致实质细胞的炎症变性、坏死、并激活相应的巨噬细胞释放多种细胞因子和生长因子,这些因子激活静息状态的细胞外基质(extracellular martrix,ECM)产生细胞,使之转化为肌成纤维细胞;肌成纤维细胞增殖,并分泌细胞因子,通过旁分泌方式再作用于巨噬细胞。肌成纤维细胞可合成大量胶原等ECM成分,同时ECM降解减少,从而造成器官或组织纤维化。因此,器官或组织纤维化的发生和发展是细胞、细胞因子和ECM等相互作用、多因素参加的结果。鉴于ECM产生细胞在器官或组织纤维化形成中的重要作用,目前治疗器官或组织纤维化的重要靶标之一是抑制ECM产生细胞的增殖、活化和诱导其凋亡。
由于各器官或组织功能、形态的不同,以及各器官或组织主要组成细胞的不同,使得不同器官或组织的纤维化在其发病机理中既有共性、也有个性;因此,在不同器官或组织纤维化的发病机制和治疗靶点上也存在一定的差异。以ECM主要产生细胞为例,肝脏中是肝星状细胞,肾小球中为肾小球系膜细胞,肾间质中为肾间质成纤维细胞,肺脏中为肺成纤维细胞,心脏中为心肌成纤维细胞,腹膜中为腹膜间皮细胞。
吡啶酮类化合物在现有技术中已有公开。
美国专利US3839346A公开了下式结构的吡啶酮类化合物。
Figure G2006800002161D00011
其中,取代基R数目为0或1,R取代基的种类代表硝基、氯原子、烷基、甲氧基。并公开了此类吡啶酮具有抗炎、解热、降低血清尿酸水平、止痛等作用。
美国专利US4052509A也公开了式(0)结构的化合物,其中具体公开了苯环上的取代基为硝基、甲氧基、对甲基、三氟甲基、氯原子,还具体公开了苯环上没有取代基的化合物,即1-苯基-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮。这些化合物具有良好的抗炎和镇痛活性,并且毒性低。
中国专利ZL02114190.8提供了一类吡啶酮化合物,具有如下的结构。
Figure G2006800002161D00021
当n=1时,所述的取代基R表示F、Br、I。
当n=2时,所述的取代基R表示F、Cl、Br、I,饱和直链烃基、氧代饱和直链烃基、卤代饱和直链烃基。
所述的取代基团R在苯环上的位置具有邻位、间位、对位等方式。
现有技术中(EP1138329A),已知的一种有效的抗纤维化的化合物是吡非尼酮(pirfenidone,PFD,5-甲基1-苯基2(1氢)吡啶酮)。实验表明,在肾纤维化、肺纤维化动物实验和特异性肺纤维化病人的临床治疗中,吡非尼酮均具有阻止甚至逆转ECM聚积的作用(Shimizu T,Fukagawa M,Kuroda T,et al.Pirfenidone prevents collagenaccumulation in the remnant kidney in rats with partial nephrectomy.Kidney Int,1997,52(Suppl 63):S239-243;Raghu G,Johnson WC,Lockhart D,et al.Treatment of idiopathicpulmonary fibrosis with a new antifibrotic agent,pirfenidone.Am J Respir Crit Care Med,1999,159:1061-1069),能够防止甚至逆转纤维化发生和瘢痕形成,这已经在大量的体外和动物实验中得到证实。吡非尼酮抗纤维化作用的机制尚处于研究之中,但大量的研究已经证明吡非尼酮是一种有效的细胞因子抑制剂,能够通过参与调节某些因子,抑制成纤维细胞的生物学活性,导致细胞增殖受抑,基质胶原合成减少。
美国专利US5,716,632中宣称包括下列化合物在内的一些化合物也具有吡非尼酮一样的抗纤维化作用,但是除现有技术中的5-甲基-1-苯基-2-(1H)吡啶酮(吡非尼酮)外,没有提供实验数据证明该论断。这些化合物是:
5-甲基-1-(3-硝基苯基)-2-(1H)吡啶酮,
5-甲基-1-(4’-甲氧基苯基)-2-(1H)吡啶酮,
5-甲基-1-对甲苯基-2-(1H)吡啶酮,
5-甲基-1-(3’-三氟甲基苯基)-2-(1H)吡啶酮,
5-乙基-1-苯基-2-(1H)吡啶酮,
5-甲基-1-(3-硝基苯基)-2-(1H)吡啶酮。
本申请发明人曾在《中南大学学报》(医学版)(2004,29(2))上公开了化合物1-(3-氟苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮对肾成纤维细胞的细胞实验,结果显示其具有抑制肾成纤维细胞生长的作用。
发明内容
本发明是在上述现有基础上,进一步公开吡啶酮类化合物在制备抗器官或组织纤维化的药物的应用。
本发明提供如式(I)所示化合物用于制备抗器官或组织纤维化的药物的应用;
当n=1时,所述的取代基R表示F、Cl、Br、I、硝基、烷基、氧代烷基、卤代烷基;
当n=2时,所述的取代基R表示F、Cl、Br、I、烷基、氧代烷基、卤代烷基。
上述化合物可以用于制备一种广谱的抗器官或组织纤维化的药物。
本发明中,所谓“抗器官或组织纤维化”是指防止器官或组织中纤维化的产生,阻止器官或组织中纤维化的发展,或/和逆转器官胡或组织中已经形成的纤维化。
其中,优选n=1时,R=F、Br、I;
当n=2时,R=F、CI、Br、I,饱和直链烷基,氧代饱和直链烷基、卤代饱和直链烷基;R取代基在苯环上的位置具有邻位、间位或对位。
最优选氟原子的位置为间位(即3-氟取代)。
本发明所涉及的烷基是直链或支链的具有1-6个碳原子数的烷基,优选1-4个碳原子。
根据本发明,可优选的化合物还包括下列化合物:
式(I)的1-取代苯基-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮中,n=1,R=Br,如:
1-(2-溴苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(3-溴苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮:
1-(4-溴苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;或
式(I)的1-取代苯基-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮中,n=1,R=F,如:
1-(2-氟苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(3-氟苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(4-氟苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;或
式(I)的1-取代苯基-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮中,n=1,R=I,如:
1-(2-碘苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(3-碘苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(4-碘苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;或
式(I)的1-取代苯基-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮中,n=2,R=F、Br或Cl,如:
1-(2,3-二溴苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(2,4-二溴苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(2,5-二溴苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(2,6-二溴苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(3,4-二溴苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(3,5-二溴苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(23-二氯苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(24-二氯苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(25-二氯苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(26-二氯苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(35-二氯苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(23-二氟苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(2,4-二氟苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(2,5-二氟苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(2,6-二氟苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(3,5-二氟苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;或
式(I)的1-取代苯基-5-甲基-2(1H)吡啶酮中,n=1或2,R=三氟甲基,如:
1-(2-三氟甲基苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(4-三氟甲基苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(2,3-三氟甲基苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(2,4-三氟甲基苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(2,5-三氟甲基苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(2,6-三氟甲基苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(3,4-三氟甲基苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(2,5-三氟甲基苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;或
式(I)的1-取代苯基-5-甲基-2(1H)吡啶酮中,n=1或2,R=甲基,如:
1-(2-甲基苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(3-甲基苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(23-二甲基苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(2,5-二甲基苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(26-二甲基苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(3,4-二甲基苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(2,5-二甲基苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;或
式(I)的1-取代苯基-5-甲基-2(1H)吡啶酮中,n=1或2,R=甲氧基,如:
1-(2-甲氧基苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(3-甲氧基苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(2,3-二甲氧基苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(2,5-二甲氧基苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(2,6-二甲氧基苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(3,5-二甲氧基苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮。
根据本发明提供的实施例,优选用于制备抗肾间质纤维化、抗肾小球硬化、抗肝纤维化、抗肺纤维化、抗腹膜纤维化、抗心肌纤维化、抗皮肤纤维化、抗手术后粘连、抗良性前列腺肥大症、抗骨骼肌纤维化、抗硬皮病、抗阿尔茨海默病或抗血管纤维化疾病的药物。
根据本发明的实施例,通式(I)的化合物优选用于制备治疗由于血吸虫病引起的肝纤维化的药物。
根据本发明的实施例,通式(I)的化合物优选用于制备治疗由于糖尿病引起的肾小球硬化的药物。
根据本发明的实施例,通式(I)的化合物优选用于制备治疗由于输尿管梗阻或糖尿病引起的肾间质纤维化的药物。
本发明公开的式(I)化合物给药方式为所说的化合物口服、注射或外用给药;或与药用辅料及其它药物做成适当的形式给药。
本发明对各种导致器官或组织纤维化的ECM产生细胞进行细胞实验,同时还对各类纤维化疾病的动物模型进行了实验。结果表明,1-(取代苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮对各种ECM产生细胞具有抑制作用,且其作用强于吡非尼酮。因此,该类化合物可作为制备抗器官或组织纤维化药物的活性成分。
具体实施例
本发明中以1-(3-氟苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮为例说明1-(取代基苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮化合物在制备抗纤维化药物中的应用。1-(3-氟苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮可按中国专利ZL02114190.8中公开的方法制备。
实施例1
1-(3-氟苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮(氟非尼酮,AKF-PD)与吡非尼酮(pirfenidone,PFD)抑制小鼠肾小球系膜细胞增殖的作用比较,用噻唑蓝(MTT)方法检测。细胞用含10%小牛血清的DMEM培养基常规培养,将细胞制成1×105/ml的细胞悬液,每孔100ul接种于96孔板中。待细胞贴壁后换无血清DMEM培养基,24小时后弃去无血清培养基,换含不同浓度氟非尼酮和吡非尼酮的含10%小牛血清的培养基,每个浓度设5个复孔。分别于加药后8、20、44小时后,每孔加MTT10ul,4小时后将MTT吸出,每孔加MTT溶解液100ul,15min后待MTT完全溶解,酶标仪570nm测OD值。结果见表1。
表1氟非尼酮与吡非尼酮对小鼠肾小球系膜细胞的影响
组别                          各时间点光密度值
  12h   24h   48h
  对照组   0.363±0.002   0.591±0.002   0.851±0.009
  氟非尼酮100μg/ml   0.368±0.003   0.594±0.003   0.812±0.002*
  氟非尼酮500μg/ml   0.363±0.002   0.579±0.001*   0.675±0.006**
  氟非尼酮1000μg/ml   0.361±0.002   0.557±0.002**   0.583±0.005***
  12h   24h   48h
  氟非尼酮2500μg/ml   0.355±0.002   0.541±0.002***   0.552±0.004***
  吡非尼酮100μg/ml   0.362±0.003   0.591±0.002   0.830±0.003*<sup>+</sup>
  吡非尼酮500μg/ml   0.360±0.003   0.590±0.001<sup>+++</sup>   0.707±0.002**<sup>++</sup>
  吡非尼酮1000μg/ml   0.362±0.002   0.565±0.001***<sup>++</sup>   0.599±0.004***<sup>+</sup>
  吡非尼酮2500μg/ml   0.362±0.002<sup>+</sup>   0.548±0.002***<sup>+</sup>   0.559±0.002***
*p<0.05vs对照组    **p<0.01vs对照组    ***p<0.001vs对照组
+p<0.05vs氟非尼酮  ++p<0.01vs氟非尼酮  +++p<0.001vs氟非尼酮
在24小时,氟非尼酮500μg/ml能抑制小鼠肾小球系膜细胞的增殖,而吡非尼酮500μg/ml不能抑制小鼠肾小球系膜细胞的增殖;1000μg/ml、2500μg/ml的氟非尼酮和吡非尼酮均能抑制小鼠肾小球系膜细胞的增殖,但氟非尼酮1000μg/ml、2500μg/ml的作用强于同等剂量的pirfenidone。在48小时,00μg/ml、500μg/ml、1000μg/ml、2500μg/ml氟非尼酮和吡非尼酮均能抑制小鼠肾小球系膜细胞的增殖,但氟非尼酮在100μg/ml、500μg/ml、1000μg/ml的作用强于同等剂量的pirfenidone。
结论:氟非尼酮能抑制小鼠肾小球系膜细胞的增殖,且其作用强于pirfenidone。实施例2
1-(3-氟苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮(氟非尼酮)与吡非尼酮抑制大鼠心肌成纤维细胞增殖的作用比较,用噻唑蓝(MTT)方法检测。细胞用含10%小牛血清的DMEM培养基常规培养,将细胞制成1×105/ml的细胞悬液,每孔100ul接种于96孔板中。待细胞贴壁后换无血清DMEM培养基,24小时后弃去无血清培养基,换含不同浓度氟非尼酮和吡非尼酮的含10%小牛血清的培养基,每个浓度设5个复孔。分别于加药后8、20、44小时后,每孔加MTT10ul,4小时后将MTT吸出,每孔加MTT溶解液100ul,15min后待MTT完全溶解,酶标仪570nm测OD值。结果见表2。
表2氟非尼酮与吡非尼酮对大鼠心肌成纤维细胞的影响
组别                          各时间点光密度值
  12h   24h   48h
  对照组   0.330±0.002   0.445±0.016   0.684±0.008
  氟非尼酮100ug/ml   0.328±0.010   0.426±0.006*   0.620±0.018***
  氟非尼酮500ug/ml   0.326±0.003   0.408±0.009**   0.580±0.014***
  12h   24h   48h
  氟非尼酮1000ug/ml   0.332±0.006   0.392±0.008**   0.538±0.009***
  氟非尼酮2500ug/ml   0.325±0.008   0.377±0.013***   0.514±0.005***
  吡非尼酮100ug/ml   0.330±0.014   0.429±0.009*   0.654±0.007*<sup>+</sup>
  吡非尼酮500ug/ml   0.329±0.013   0.411±0.006*   0.612±0.014***<sup>++</sup>
  吡非尼酮1000ug/ml   0.331±0.009   0.403±0.010**<sup>+</sup>   0.597±0.013***<sup>+++</sup>
  吡非尼酮2500ug/ml   0.329±0.008   0.392±0.009**<sup>+</sup>   0.566±0.027**
*p<0.05vs对照组    **p<0.01vs对照组    ***p<0.001vs对照组
+p<0.05vs氟非尼酮  ++p<0.01vs氟非尼酮  +++p<0.001vs氟非尼酮
在24小时,100μg/ml、500μg/ml、1000μg/ml、2500μg/ml氟非尼酮和吡非尼酮均能抑制大鼠心肌成纤维细胞的增殖,但氟非尼酮1000μg/ml、2500μg/ml的作用强于同等剂量的吡非尼酮;在48小时,100μg/ml、500μg/ml、1000μg/ml、2500μg/ml氟非尼酮和吡非尼酮均能抑制大鼠心肌成纤维细胞的增殖,但氟非尼酮100μg/ml、500μg/ml、1000μg/ml的作用强于同等剂量的吡非尼酮。
结论:氟非尼酮能抑制大鼠心肌成纤维细胞的增殖,且其作用强于吡非尼酮。
实施例3
1-(3-氟苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮(氟非尼酮)与吡非尼酮抑制人肝星状细胞增殖的作用比较,用噻唑蓝(MTT)方法检测。细胞用含10%小牛血清的DMEM培养基常规培养,将细胞制成1×105/ml的细胞悬液,每孔100ul接种于96孔板中。待细胞贴壁后换无血清DMEM培养基,24小时后弃去无血清培养基,换含不同浓度氟非尼酮和吡非尼酮的含10%小牛血清的培养基,每个浓度设5个复孔。分别于加药后8、20、44小时后,每孔加MTT10ul,4小时后将MTT吸出,每孔加MTT溶解液100ul,15min后待MTT完全溶解,酶标仪570nm测OD值。结果见表3。
表3氟非尼酮与吡非尼酮对人肝星状细胞的影响
组别                                  各时间点光密度值
  12h   24h   48h
  对照组   0.207±0.001   0.370±0.002   0.455±0.002
  氟非尼酮100μg/ml   0.202±0.001   0.366±0.002   0.442±0.006
  氟非尼酮500μg/ml   0.202±0.001*   0.341±0.003**   0.406±0.002***
  12h   24h   48h
  氟非尼酮1000μg/ml   0.198±0.001**   0.312±0.003***   0.385±0.004***
  氟非尼酮2500μg/ml   0.195±0.002**   0.273±0.005***   0.246±0.001***
  吡非尼酮100μg/ml   0.206±0.003   0.371±0.001   0.447±0.003
  吡非尼酮500μg/ml   0.202±0.001*   0.345±0.002**   0.413±0.001***<sup>++</sup>
  吡非尼酮1000μg/ml   0.201±0.001*   0.330±0.001***<sup>++</sup>   0.402±0.001***<sup>++</sup>
  吡非尼酮2500μg/ml   0.198±0.001**   0.278±0.001***<sup>+</sup>   0.306±0.002***<sup>+++</sup>
*p<0.05vs对照组    **p<0.01vs对照组    ***p<0.001vs对照组
+p<0.05vs氟非尼酮  ++p<0.01vs氟非尼酮  +++p<0.001vs氟非尼酮
从12小时开始,500μg/ml、1000μg/ml、2500μg/ml的氟非尼酮和吡非尼酮均能抑制人肝星状细胞的增殖;但24小时氟非尼酮1000μg/ml、2500μg/ml的作用强于同等剂量的吡非尼酮,48小时氟非尼酮500μg/ml、1000μg/ml、2500μg/ml的作用强于同等剂量的pirfenidone。
结论:氟非尼酮能抑制人肝星状细胞的增殖,且其作用强于吡非尼酮。
实施例4
1-(3-氟苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮(氟非尼酮)与吡非尼酮抑制大鼠肺成纤维细胞增殖作用的比较,用噻唑蓝(MTT)方法检测。细胞用含10%小牛血清的DMEM培养基常规培养,将细胞制成1×105/ml的细胞悬液,每孔100ul接种于96孔板中。待细胞贴壁后换无血清DMEM培养基,24小时后弃去无血清培养基,换含不同浓度氟非尼酮和吡非尼酮的含10%小牛血清的培养基,每个浓度设5个复孔。分别于加药后8、20、44小时后,每孔加MTT10ul,4小时后将MTT吸出,每孔加MTT溶解液100ul,15min后待MTT完全溶解,酶标仪570nm测OD值。结果见表4。
表4氟非尼酮与吡非尼酮对大鼠肺成纤维细胞的影响
组别                              各时间点光密度值
  12h   24h   48h
  对照组   0.235±0.003   0.302±0.008   0.402±0.015
  氟非尼酮100ug/ml   0.235±0.009   0.301±0.013   0.399±0.008
  氟非尼酮500ug/ml   0.237±0.016   0.295±0.017   0.376±0.006*
  12h   24h   48h
  氟非尼酮1000ug/ml   0.233±0.011   0.267±0.016**   0.369±0.009**
  氟非尼酮2500ug/ml   0.235±0.005   0.173±0.015***   0.241±0.008***
  吡非尼酮100ug/ml   0.234±0.012   0.304±0.021   0.400±0.011
  吡非尼酮500ug/ml   0.231±0.012   0.294±0.020   0.386±0.009**<sup>++</sup>
  吡非尼酮1000ug/ml   0.233±0.005   0.291±0.024<sup>++</sup>   0.379±0.010**<sup>+++</sup>
  吡非尼酮2500ug/ml   0.236±0.008   0.278±0.005**<sup>+++</sup>   0.245±0.008***
*p<0.05vs对照组    **p<0.01vs对照组    ***p<0.001vs对照组
+p<0.05vs氟非尼酮  ++p<0.01vs氟非尼酮  +++p<0.001vs氟非尼酮
在24小时,氟非尼酮1000μg/ml能抑制大鼠肺成纤维细胞的增殖,氟非尼酮2500μg/ml和吡非尼酮2500μg/ml均能抑制大鼠肺成纤维细胞的增殖,但氟非尼酮2500μg/ml的作用强于同等剂量的吡非尼酮。在48小时,500μg/ml、1000μg/ml、2500μg/ml的氟非尼酮和吡非尼酮均能抑制大鼠肺成纤维细胞的增殖,但氟非尼酮500μg/ml、1000μg/ml的作用强于同等剂量的吡非尼酮。
结论:氟非尼酮能够抑制肺成纤维细胞的增殖,且其作用强于吡非尼酮。
实施例5
1-(3-氟苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮(氟非尼酮)与吡非尼酮抑制人皮肤疤痕成纤维细胞增殖作用的比较,用噻唑蓝(MTT)方法检测。细胞用含10%小牛血清的DMEM培养基常规培养,将细胞制成1×105/ml的细胞悬液,每孔100ul接种于96孔板中。待细胞贴壁后换无血清DMEM培养基,24小时后弃去无血清培养基,换含不同浓度氟非尼酮和吡非尼酮的含10%小牛血清的培养基,每个浓度设5个复孔。分别于加药后8、20、44小时后,每孔加MTT10ul,4小时后将MTT吸出,每孔加MTT溶解液100ul,15min后待MTT完全溶解,酶标仪570nm测OD值。结果见表5。
表5氟非尼酮与吡非尼酮对人皮肤疤痕成纤维细胞的影响
组别                          各时间点光密度值
  12h   24h   48h
  对照组   0.195±0.008   0.263±0.005   0.381±0.001
  氟非尼酮100μg/ml   0.192±0.010   0.245±0.002*   0.366±0.006*
  12h   24h   48h
  氟非尼酮500μg/ml   0.192±0.006   0.238±0.004*   0.345±0.007*
  氟非尼酮1000μg/ml   0.192±0.009   0.221±0.004**   0.323±0.009***
  氟非尼酮2500μg/ml   0.190±0.002   0.198±0.008***   0.267±0.001***
  吡非尼酮100μg/ml   0.194±0.004   0.250±0.003*   0.366±0.006*
  吡非尼酮500μg/ml   0.191±0.008   0.245±0.004*<sup>+</sup>   0.350±0.003***<sup>++</sup>
  吡非尼酮1000μg/ml   0.190±0.008   0.330±0.001*<sup>++</sup>   0.328±0.004***<sup>++</sup>
  吡非尼酮2500μg/ml   0.193±0.004   0.278±0.001***<sup>+++</sup>   0.264±0.005***
*p<0.05vs对照组    **p<0.01vs对照组    ***p<0.001vs对照组
+p<0.05vs氟非尼酮  ++<0.01vs氟非尼酮   +++p<0.001vs氟非尼酮
在24小时,100μg/ml、500μg/ml、1000μg/ml、2500μg/ml的氟非尼酮和吡非尼酮均能抑制人皮肤疤痕成纤维细胞的增殖,但氟非尼酮500μg/ml、1000μg/ml、2500μg/ml的作用强于同等剂量的吡非尼酮。在48小时,氟非尼酮500μg/ml、1000μg/ml的作用强于同等剂量的吡非尼酮。
结论:氟非尼酮能抑制人皮肤疤痕成纤维细胞的增殖,且其作用强于吡非尼酮。
实施例6
1-(3-氟苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮(氟非尼酮)与吡非尼酮抑制人腹膜间皮细胞增殖作用的比较,用噻唑蓝(MTT)方法检测。细胞用含10%小牛血清的DMEM培养基常规培养,将细胞制成1×105/ml的细胞悬液,每孔100ul接种于96孔板中。待细胞贴壁后换无血清DMEM培养基,24小时后弃去无血清培养基,换含不同浓度氟非尼酮和吡非尼酮的含10%小牛血清的培养基,每个浓度设5个复孔。分别于加药后8、20、44小时后,每孔加MTT10ul,4小时后将MTT吸出,每孔加MTT溶解液100ul,15min后待MTT完全溶解,酶标仪570nm测OD值。结果见表6。
表6氟非尼酮与吡非尼酮对人腹膜间皮细胞的影响
组别     各时间点光密度值
  12h   24h   48h
  对照组   0.347±0.006   0.585±0.002   0.814±0.003
  氟非尼酮100ug/ml   0.344±0.004   0.583±0.004   0.807±0.007
  12h   24h   48h
  氟非尼酮500ug/ml   0.344±0.005   0.573±0.004*   0.758±0.010*
  氟非尼酮1000ug/ml   0.343±0.004   0.553±0.004***   0.704±0.003***
  氟非尼酮2500ug/ml   0.346±0.005   0.502±0.003***   0.646±0.006***
  吡非尼酮100ug/ml   0.346±0.006   0584±0.005   0.810±0.006
  吡非尼酮500ug/ml   0.343±0.004   0.577±0.003*   0.766±0.004***
  吡非尼1000ug/ml   0.363±0.003   0.563±0.003***<sup>+</sup>   0.714±0.002***<sup>+++</sup>
  吡非尼2500ug/ml   0.345±0.005   0.512±0.006***<sup>+</sup>   0.648±0.009***
*p<0.05vs对照组    **p<0.01vs对照组    ***p<0.001vs对照组
+p<0.05vs氟非尼酮  ++p<0.01vs氟非尼酮  +++p<0.001vs氟非尼酮
在24小时,500μg/ml、1000μg/ml、2500μg/ml的氟非尼酮和吡非尼酮均能抑制人腹膜间皮细胞的增殖,氟非尼酮1000μg/ml、2500μg/ml的作用强于同等剂量的吡非尼酮;在48小时,氟非尼酮1000μg/ml抑制人腹膜间皮细胞增殖的作用强于同等剂量的吡非尼酮。
结论:氟非尼酮能够抑制人腹膜间皮细胞的增殖,且其作用强于吡非尼酮。
注:上述实验所用细胞除心肌成纤维细胞、皮肤疤痕成纤维细胞和腹膜间皮细胞是用已知的方法进行原代培养获得外,其他细胞均有商品化产品可供购买。
以下实施例为1-(3-氟苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮(I)化合物(氟非尼酮)对各种纤维化动物模型所进行的实验。其中,该化合物与5%的羧甲基纤维素钠溶液配制成悬浊液给药。
实施例7
氟非尼酮抗肾小球硬化和肾间质纤维化的动物实验研究
1.实验方法:
选择用链脲佐菌素制造的wistar大鼠糖尿病肾病模型,观察氟非尼酮抗肾小球硬化和肾间质纤维化的效果。
Wistar大鼠(8周龄、雄性、体重180g~220g),随机分正常组、糖尿病肾病模型组、糖尿病肾病缬沙坦组、糖尿病肾病氟非尼酮组
糖尿病大鼠模型制备采用链脲佐菌素(STZ)55mg/kg一次性腹腔注射法。
24小时后,空腹血糖维持在13.9mmol/L,或随机血糖16.7mmol/L以上,尿糖阳性,则糖尿病模型建立。4周后糖尿病大鼠肾病(尿蛋白>30mg/d)则糖尿病大鼠肾病模型成立。氟非尼酮干预组(氟非尼酮500mg/kg.d,灌胃)、缬沙坦药物干预组(缬沙坦30mg/Kg.d)、糖尿病模型组予等量生理盐水灌胃。药物连续干预12周后,将大鼠全部处死取肾脏。
肾小球和肾小管间质损伤评分标准:参照:Radford MGJr,Donadio JV Jr,Bergstralh EJ,et al.Predicting renal outcome in IgA nephropathy.J Am SocNephrol 1997,8(2):199-207.和赵雅妮,李惊子,王海燕等,血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂与血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂抗大鼠肾脏纤维化的作用及机制探讨,中华老年多器官疾病杂志,2002;1(1):36-40.
2.实验结果:
肾组织显微镜检查结果:
表7各组肾小球和肾小管间质损伤指数比较
Figure G2006800002161D00111
3.结论:
氟非尼酮组大鼠肾脏的肾小球及肾小管间质病变较糖尿病肾病模型组的大鼠肾脏病变明显减轻。说明,氟非尼酮能有效治疗糖尿病肾病的肾小球硬化和肾间质纤维化。
实施例8
氟非尼酮抗肺纤维化的动物实验研究
1.实验方法:
选择用博莱霉素制造的SD大鼠肺纤维化模型,观察氟非尼酮抗肺纤维化的效果。
Sprague-Dawley(6-8周龄,雄性大鼠,体重180g~220g),常规条件下喂养。将大鼠随机分为3组:氟非尼酮干预组,模型组,假手术组。
对氟非尼酮组、模型组大鼠用博莱霉素按6mg/kg/4ml生理盐水气管内缓慢注入,对假手术组大鼠用等量生理盐水气管内缓慢注入。
氟非尼酮组(氟非尼酮500mg/kg),在手术前2天至术后27天每日灌胃1次;模型组、假手术组用等量生理盐水在手术前2天至术后27天每日灌胃1次。术后27天处死大鼠取肺组织。
肺组织显微镜检查(HE染色):
肺纤维化评分标准:参考:Szapiel SV,Elson NA,Fulmer JD,Hunninghake GW,Crystal RG.Bleomycin-induced interstitial pulmonary disease in the nude,athymic mouse.Am Rev Respir Dis.1979Oct;120(4):893-9.
2.实验结果:
肺组织显微镜检查结果:
表8各组肺纤维化程度比较
  纤维化程度 氟非尼酮组(n=8)   模型组(n=6)   假手术组(n=7)
  无 0个   0个   2个
  轻 6个   1个   5个
  中 1个   4个   0个
1个 1个 0个
3.结论:
氟非尼酮组大鼠的肺纤维化病变较模型组明显减轻,说明,氟非尼酮能有效治疗肺纤维化疾病。
实施例9
氟非尼酮抗肝纤维化的动物实验研究
1.实验方法:
选择用血吸虫尾蚴感染制造的昆明小鼠血吸虫病肝纤维化模型,观察氟非尼酮抗肝纤维化的效果。
昆明小鼠(4-6周龄、雄性、体重18-22g),随机分正常组、感染组、吡喹酮组、γ-干扰素组、氟非尼酮组。用10条血吸虫尾蚴感染小鼠腹部除毛部位。各组在感染尾蚴8周后,用吡喹酮(共650mg/kg,分4天,)杀虫。杀虫后,氟非尼酮组小鼠每天给予氟非尼酮(500mg/kg)灌胃;γ-干扰素组小鼠每天给予γ-干扰素5万单位肌注;吡喹酮组及单纯感染组小鼠给予等量生理盐水每日灌胃1次;连续用药8周后,停药一周,再处死小鼠取肝左叶做病理检查。
肝组织切片HE染色检查,由于血吸虫尾蚴感染16周后,肝脏血吸虫虫卵结节面积反映血吸虫肝纤维化的程度,用HPIAS-1000高清晰度彩色病理图文分析系统检查血吸虫虫卵结节面积,分析每张切片典型的多卵和少卵结节各五个,计算虫卵结节面积。
2.实验结果:
表10肝组织血吸虫虫卵结节面积(μm2)比较
表11肝组织血吸虫虫卵结节面积(μm2)比较的P值
  组间比较   多卵   少卵
  单纯感染组vs干扰素组   0.038   0.095
  干扰素组vs吡喹酮组   0.004   0.058
  吡喹酮组vs氟非尼酮组   0.002   0.032
  单纯感染组vs吡喹酮组   0.306   0.516
  单纯感染组vs氟非尼酮组   0.021   0.043
  干扰素组vs氟非尼酮组   0.754   0.666
3.结论:
氟非尼酮组血吸虫虫卵结节面积较单纯感染组和单纯吡喹酮治疗组小。说明,氟非尼酮能有效治疗血吸虫病肝纤维化。
实施例10
氟非尼酮抗肾间质纤维化的动物实验研究
1.实验方法:
选择用单侧输尿管结扎肾间质纤维化SD大鼠模型,观察氟非尼酮抗肾间质纤维化的效果。
SD大鼠(8周龄、雄性、体重180g~220g),随机分为4组:假手术组,模型组,依那普利组(依那普利,10mg/kg.d,),氟非尼酮组(氟非尼酮,500mg/kg.d)。
除假手术组大鼠外,其他三组大鼠均在无菌条件下行左侧输尿管结扎术。术前器械消毒,假手术组大鼠除不结扎、不剪断输尿管外,所有处理同前。依那普利组和氟非尼酮组,于手术前1天灌胃给药至手术后14天,模型组和假手术组以等量生理盐水灌胃至手术后14天。手术后14天处死大鼠,留取左侧梗阻肾标本,行HE染色检查。
肾组织肾小管间质损伤评分标准:参照:Radford MG Jr,Donadio JV Jr,Bergstralh EJ,et al.Predicting renal outcome in IgAnephropathy.JAm Soc Nephrol 1997,8(2):199-207.
2.实验结果:
各组大鼠左侧肾脏肾小管间质损伤指数结果
表12各组大鼠左侧肾脏镜下肾间质损伤指数的比较
Figure G2006800002161D00141
3.结论:
氟非尼酮组的肾间质损伤指数较模型组、依那普利组低,说明,氟非尼酮能有效治疗肾间质纤维化。
实施例11
1-(3-氟苯基)-5-甲基-2(1H)吡啶酮口服给药急性毒性试验。
1、试验动物
昆明种小鼠(KM)50只,雌雄各半,体重18g~22g。由中南大学湘雅医学院实验动物学部提供。
2、试验方法
取健康KM小鼠50只,随机分成5组,每组10只,雌雄各半,给药前禁食12h,不禁水。按20ml/kg体重灌胃给药,剂量组距比为1∶0.65,给药剂量为1071mg/kg~6000mg/kg,给药后常规饲养,观察一次给药后14天内小鼠急性毒性反应及死亡情况,并对死亡动物进行解剖,肉眼观察各脏器变化。
3、结论
LD50及95%可信限计算。
用Bliss方法计算,LD50为2979.89mg/kg,95%可信限为2402.70mg/kg~3695.73mg/kg,结果见表13。
表13小鼠口服1-(3-氟苯基)-5-甲基-2(1H)吡啶酮急性毒性试验结果
小鼠一次灌胃1-(3-氟苯基)-5-甲基-2(1H)吡啶酮,LD50为2979.89mg/kg,95%可信限为2402.70mg/kg~3695.73mg/kg。与文献报道的吡非尼酮的急性毒性结果1112mg/kg(《药学服务与研究》2005.3:5(1):4823)、997.7mg/kg(US5310562)相比,本发明中所用的氟非尼酮毒性较小。

Claims (9)

1.1-(取代苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮(I)化合物用于制备除抗间质纤维化外其他器官或组织纤维化的药物的应用,所述的纤维化是肾小球硬化、肝纤维化、肺纤维化、腹膜纤维化、心肌纤维化、皮肤纤维化、手术后粘连、良性前列腺肥大症、骨骼肌纤维化、硬皮病、阿尔茨海默病、血管纤维化疾病;
Figure F2006800002161C00011
当n=1时,所述的取代基R表示F、Cl、Br、I、硝基、烷基、氧代烷基、卤代烷基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物在制备抗器官或组织纤维化药物的应用,其特征在于,其中当n=1时,R=F、Br、I,R取代基在苯环上的位置具有邻位、间位或对位。
3.根据权利要求1所述的化合物在制备抗器官或组织纤维化药物的应用,其特征在于,式(I)的1-取代苯基-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮中,n=1,R=Br,为:
1-(2-溴苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(3-溴苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(4-溴苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;或
式(I)的1-取代苯基-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮中,n=1,R=F,为:
1-(2-氟苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(3-氟苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(4-氟苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;或
式(I)的1-取代苯基-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮中,n=1,R=I,为:
1-(2-碘苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(3-碘苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(4-碘苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;或
式(I)的1-取代苯基-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮中,n=1,R=三氟甲基,为:
1-(2-三氟甲基苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(4-三氟甲基苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
式(I)的1-取代苯基-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮中,n=1,R=甲基,为:
1-(2-甲基苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(3-甲基苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
式(I)的1-取代苯基-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮中,n=1,R=甲氧基,为:
1-(2-甲氧基苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮;
1-(3-甲氧基苯基)-5-甲基-2-(1H)吡啶酮。
4.根据权利要求3所述的化合物在制备抗器官或组织纤维化药物的应用,其特征在于,R为3-氟。
5.根据权利要求1所述的化合物在制备抗器官或组织纤维化药物中的应用,其特征在于,所说的烷基是直链或支链的具有1-6个碳原子数的烷基。
6.根据权利要求5所述的化合物在制备抗器官或组织纤维化药物中的应用,其特征在于,所说的烷基是直链或支链的具有1-4个碳原子数的烷基。
7.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于所说的肾小球硬化是由于糖尿病引起的病变。
8.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于所说的肝纤维化是由于血吸虫病引起的病变。
9.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于给药方式为所说的化合物口服、注射或外用给药;或与药用辅料及其它药物做成适当的形式给药。
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