CN1951675B - 用于激光焊接热塑树脂部件的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于激光焊接热塑树脂部件的方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1951675B
CN1951675B CN2006101318163A CN200610131816A CN1951675B CN 1951675 B CN1951675 B CN 1951675B CN 2006101318163 A CN2006101318163 A CN 2006101318163A CN 200610131816 A CN200610131816 A CN 200610131816A CN 1951675 B CN1951675 B CN 1951675B
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parts
laser beam
laser
thermoplastic resin
contact
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CN1951675A (zh
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中岛毅彦
渡边敏雄
中村秀生
森博志
藤田进
中谷光伸
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Toyota Motor Corp
EIDP Inc
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Toyota Motor Corp
EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
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    • B29C66/8242—Pneumatic or hydraulic drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/826—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps without using a separate pressure application tool, e.g. the own weight of the parts to be joined
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于激光焊接的方法和装置，由此当焊接由热塑树脂材料形成的两个部件时可实现高焊接强度、低程度的强度变化并且不会出现毛边。在激光焊接装置(1)中，通过使用激光束(R)熔融而使由可透射激光束的透射性热塑树脂形成的第一部件(2)与由可吸收激光束的吸收性热塑树脂形成的第二部件(3)的接触面(4)相接合。该装置配备有容纳该第一部件和该第二部件的壳体(5)、降低该壳体内的压力的真空泵(6)以及激光束发生器(10)，由此可使该第一部件和第二部件的至少一个接触面熔融。在该装置中，在减压气氛下使该第一部件和第二部件相互接触，并且使用激光束从可透射激光束的第一部件一侧照射这两个部件的接触面。

Description

用于激光焊接热塑树脂部件的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于激光焊接热塑树脂部件的方法和装置。特别地，本发明涉及一种通过使由可透射激光束的透射性热塑树脂形成的部件以及由可吸收激光束的吸收性热塑树脂形成的部件熔融而使它们接合的方法和装置。
背景技术
为响应近年来减小各种领域的元件例如汽车元件的重量和成本的需要，经常利用树脂材料制成这种部件并且将这种部件形成为树脂模制品。当要形成具有复杂形状的树脂模制品时，预先模制多个由树脂模制品制成的构件，然后通过焊接将这些构件接合在一起以便提高生产率。
作为用于焊接这种树脂模制品的常规方法的示例，专利文献1中所述的用于激光焊接树脂部件的方法按以下方式执行：在照射步骤中，执行激光束照射，同时使透射性树脂部件和吸收性树脂部件的至少一个接合端面附近处于减压气氛下，其中通过加热和熔融分别相对于作为热源的激光束具有透射性和吸收性的透射性树脂部件和吸收性树脂部件的接合端面而使它们接合在一起。
专利文献1：JP专利公报(Kokai)No.2002-283457A
发明内容
在上述用于激光焊接树脂部件的方法中，即使在接合端面之间存在间隙仍可获得足够的接合强度而不必使用加工夹具；但是，两个部件的焊接部分处强度可能会不均匀。即，接触面上的熔融树脂广泛分散在焊接面上，从而使生成的热扩散。结果，由树脂填充的间隙部分的焊接强度和焊接良好的部分的焊接强度之间产生差异。另外，这种因素会导致在焊接部分的减压侧上出现毛边。具体地，由于壳体内部和外部的压力差，焊接的树脂经常被挤压到壳体内，从而引起毛边的出现。
本发明基于上述问题而做出。本发明的一个目的是提供一种能够因此提高焊接树脂部件时的焊接强度并减小焊接强度的变化的用于激光焊接热塑树脂部件的方法和装置。本发明的另一个目的是提供一种能够因此减少从焊接部分突出的毛边并提高产品质量的用于激光焊接热塑树脂部件的方法和装置。
为实现上述目的，在根据本发明的用于激光焊接热塑性部件的方法中，使由可透射激光束的透射性热塑树脂形成的第一部件与由可吸收激光束的吸收性热塑树脂形成的第二部件相互接触，并使用激光束熔融所述部件的接触面而使所述接触面接合。该方法的特征在于，在减压气氛下使该第一部件和该第二部件相互接触，以及使用激光束从第一部件一侧照射这两个部件的接触面。
在构型如上所述的根据本发明的用于激光焊接热塑树脂的方法中，使由可透射激光束的透射性热塑树脂形成的第一部件与由可吸收激光束的吸收性热塑树脂形成的第二部件相互接触。使用激光束从可透射激光束的第一部件一侧照射这两个部件，在不透射激光束的第二部件的表面上积聚能量，从而生热。由于进一步的激光束照射，所以生成的热量增加，第一部件的接触面通过第二部件的接触面同时被加热，这两个部件的接触面熔融，从而将这两个部件焊接在一起。由于两个部件在减压气氛下相互接触，所以在焊接时产生的热量不会朝系统外部扩散。因此，熔融聚合物缓慢冷却，从而可避免由于聚合物骤冷导致的缺陷。因此，可获得均匀的焊接部分，从而可提高焊接强度并减少焊接强度的变化。
在根据本发明的用于激光焊接热塑树脂部件的方法的另一实施例中，使由可透射激光束的透射性热塑树脂形成的第一部件与由可吸收激光束的吸收性热塑树脂形成的第二部件相互接触，并通过使用激光束熔融而使所述部件的接触面接合。该方法的特征在于：在含有低导热性气体或惰性气体的气氛下使该第一部件和该第二部件相互接触；以及使用激光束从该第一部件一侧照射这两个部件的接触面。优选地，这种低导热性气体是导热性低于空气的气体。这种气体的优选示例包括氮气、碳酸气、氨气等。可使用的惰性气体的示例包括诸如氦气、氩气和氖气的稀有气体。还可使用上述气体的组合。
在构型如上所述的根据本发明的用于激光焊接热塑树脂部件的方法中，使用低导热性气体、惰性气体等替换容纳两个待焊接部件的壳体内的气体，从而可抑制热向壳体外部扩散。因此，熔融聚合物缓慢冷却，并可避免由于聚合物骤冷导致的缺陷，从而可降低冷却速率。因此，可提高焊接部的结晶度，从而提高焊接强度并减少焊接强度的变化。
另外，根据本发明的用于激光焊接热塑树脂部件的装置是这样一种焊接装置，其中通过使用激光束熔融而使由可透射激光束的透射性热塑树脂形成的第一部件与由可吸收激光束的吸收性热塑树脂形成的第二部件的接触面接合。该装置配备有容纳第一部件和第二部件的壳体、用于降低该壳体内的压力的减压装置以及激光束发生器，由此熔融第一部件和第二部件的至少一个接触面。使用激光束从第一部件一侧照射这两个部件的接触面。
在构型如上所述的用于激光焊接的装置中，当焊接所述两个由热塑树脂形成的部件时，容纳这两个部件的壳体内的压力降低，从而用于热扩散的空气变稀薄，使已经因通过激光束照射加热而熔融的聚合物的热扩散受到抑制。因此，可减少由于部件的形状等导致的温度波动，并可防止熔融部分骤冷。因此，可通过缓慢冷却提高熔融部分的结晶度，从而提高焊接强度并减少强度的变化。
此外，在根据本发明的用于激光焊接热塑树脂部件的装置的另一实施例中，通过使用激光束熔融而使由可透射激光束的透射性热塑树脂形成的第一部件与由可吸收激光束的吸收性热塑树脂形成的第二部件的接触面相接合。该装置配备有容纳第一部件和第二部件的壳体、向壳体提供低导热性气体或惰性气体的气体供应装置以及激光束发生器，由此熔融该第一部件和第二部件的至少一个接触面。优选地，该气体供应装置提供氮气、碳酸气、氨气、氦气、氩气或氖气。
在构型如上所述的激光焊接装置中，当焊接由热塑树脂形成的两个部件时向容纳所述两个部件的壳体内提供低导热性气体或惰性气体，以使该壳体内部空间中的导热减少，从而抑制因通过激光束照射加热而熔融的聚合物的热扩散。因此，可降低由部件的形状等导致的温度波动，并可防止熔融部分骤冷。因此，可通过缓慢冷却来提高熔融部分的结晶度，从而提高焊接强度并减少强度的变化。
在根据本发明的激光焊接方法和装置中，用作可透射激光束的透射性热塑树脂的树脂类型没有特别的限制，只要该树脂是热塑性的并且能够透射作为热源的激光束即可。这种树脂的示例包括诸如尼龙6(PA6)或尼龙66(PA66)的聚酰胺(PA)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚苯乙烯、ABS、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚碳酸酯(PC)以及聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)。另外，可使用根据需要添加了着色剂或诸如玻璃纤维或碳纤维的加强纤维的树脂。短语“透射激光束”是指激光束透射率优选地为20％或更大，更优选为50％或更大，再优选为80％或更大，尤其优选为90％或更大。
用作可吸收激光束的吸收性热塑树脂的树脂类型没有特别的限制，只要这种树脂是热塑性的并且能够吸收作为热源的激光束而不使激光束透射即可。这种树脂的示例包括诸如尼龙6(PA6)或尼龙66(PA66)的聚酰胺(PA)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚苯乙烯、ABS、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)和PPS。另外，可使用根据需要添加了诸如玻璃纤维或碳纤维的加强纤维的树脂。短语“吸收激光束”是指激光束透射率优选地为10％或更小，更优选为5％或更小，再优选为1％或更小。
另外，优选地，用于透射性热塑树脂部件的树脂和用于吸收性热塑树脂部件的树脂的组合是彼此相容的树脂的组合。这种组合的示例包括尼龙6和尼龙66、PET和PC以及PC和PBT的组合，另外还包括相同类型的两种树脂的组合，例如尼龙6和尼龙6或者尼龙66和尼龙66。
在本发明的激光焊接方法和装置中，例如，可根据可透射激光束的透射性树脂材料的吸收光谱以及部件的厚度(透射长度)之间的关系，适当地选择用于照射这两个部件接触面的激光束的类型。这种激光束的示例包括由Nd:玻璃(钕3+:玻璃)激光器、Nd:YAG(钕3+:YAG)激光器、红宝石激光器、氦氖激光器、氪激光器、氩激光器、H2激光器、N2激光器或半导体激光器生成的激光束。这种激光束的更优选示例包括由Nd:YAG激光器生成的激光束(激光束的波长：1060nm)和由半导体激光器生成的激光束(激光束的波长：500～1000nm)。
另外，优选地，激光输出功率为10～900W。如果输出功率小于10W，则输出功率过低而不能使两个树脂部件的接触面熔融。如果输出功率超过900W，则过大的输出功率将使树脂部件气化或恶化。
通过使用本发明的用于激光焊接热塑树脂部件的方法和装置，可均匀地焊接由热塑树脂构成的两个部件并具有高的焊接强度。另外，由于能够防止从焊接部分挤压出毛边，所以可提高焊接树脂部件的质量。此外，即使是在树脂部件具有高熔点的情况下，使用设备成本低的低输出激光器仍可获得高的焊接强度，从而可减少强度的变化。
附图说明
图1示出根据本发明的激光焊接装置一种实施例的主要部分的构型；
图2示出根据本发明的激光焊接装置另一实施例的主要部分的构型。
具体实施方式
下面，将根据附图详细说明根据本发明的用于激光焊接热塑树脂部件的装置的一个实施例。图1示出根据本实施例的用于激光焊接热塑树脂部件的装置主要部分的构型。
在图1中，对于本实施例的用于激光焊接热塑部件的装置1，使由可透射激光束的透射性热塑树脂制成的第一部件2与由可吸收激光束的吸收性热塑树脂制成的第二部件3相互接触，并且通过使用激光束熔融而使接触面4接合。此外，激光焊接装置1是这样一种焊接装置，其中在减压气氛下使该第一部件和该第二部件相互接触，并使用由激光射束发生器10生成的激光束从可透射激光束的第一部件一侧照射这两个部件的接触面4，从而通过熔融使这两个部件2和3接合。
激光焊接装置1配备有容纳第一部件2和第二部件3的壳体5，还配备有用于将该壳体内的压力降低到低于大气压力的减压装置，例如真空泵6。该装置构造成使真空泵6能够在壳体5内形成减压环境，并且在减压气氛下容纳两个部件2和3，以便能将所述部件焊接在一起。激光焊接装置1配备有激光束发生器10，由此可使第一部件2和第二部件3的至少一个接触面4熔融。
激光束发生器10包括激光振荡器11和经由光纤与该激光振荡器连接的激光头12。优选地，激光头发射的激光束是半导体激光束，其波长例如为940nm，其输出功率为约10～900W。激光头12上连接有移送机构13，该移送机构用于在焊接期间以大约0.1～5m/min的处理速度移送激光头。可适当使用的移送装置13这样构成：即，在激光头12上连接工业机器人；使用二维台架或三维台架移送部件；控制由光学透镜和镜件的组合形成的焦点；或者使用多个激光头同时照射多个部分。
第一部件2例如由作为透射性热塑树脂材料的玻璃加强的尼龙6制成。第二部件3例如由通过使玻璃加强的尼龙6与碳黑或着色剂混合而得到的树脂材料制成。由混合了碳黑或着色剂的吸收性热塑树脂材料制成的第二部件3具有激光束吸收能力。另外，第二部件3吸收激光束从而在该部件内积聚激光能量，由此发热。
激光焊接装置1配备有夹紧机构15，由此向两个部件2和3施加挤压力以使所述部件相互紧密接触。当两个部件2和3通过焊接接合时，夹紧机构15防止这两个部件因熔融部分的体积膨胀而相对移动，该体积膨胀是由于使用激光束熔融至少一个部件的接触面而导致的。夹紧机构15用于均匀焊接两个部件。可使用的夹紧机构15构造成：使用弹簧机构等使两个部件相互压靠；从上部挤压放置在基座等上的两个部件；使用液体压力例如水压挤压这两个部件，或使用压缩空气挤压这两个部件。
形成第一部件2并且可透射激光束的透射性热塑树脂材料的激光束透射率优选地为20％或更大，更优选为50％或更大，再优选为80％或更大，尤其优选为90％或更大。形成第二部件3并且可吸收激光束的吸收性热塑树脂材料的激光束透射率优选地为10％或更小，更优选为5％或更小，再优选为1％或更小。由于形成第二部件3的树脂材料几乎完全没有透射激光束的能力，所以其可被称为非透射性热塑树脂材料。第二部件3吸收激光束而几乎完全没有透射激光束的能力。因此，激光束的能量积聚在第二部件内，由此发热。
下面将说明本实施例中的构型如上所述的用于激光焊接热塑部件的装置1的操作。在激光焊接装置1的壳体5内使第一部件2和第二部件3相互重叠。使用夹紧机构15将这两个部件2和3相互紧密地挤压。将这两个部件设置成相互重叠以使透射性部件2朝向激光头12。在这种状态下操作真空泵6，则排出壳体5内的空气，从而降低该壳体内的压力。优选地，使压力降低到尽可能接近真空的状态。具体地，压力优选在0～1KPa的范围内，更优选在0～0.1KPa的范围内。
在降低壳体5内的压力之后，操作激光束发生器10以将激光束R指向两个部件2和3的接触面4。然后，由于使用激光头内的照射透镜使激光束R聚焦在位于吸收激光束的第二部件3顶侧的接触面4上，所以在该接触面附近产生热。当向接触面4提供一定量的能量时，第二部件3的接触面4附近熔融，然后第一部件2的接触面熔融。这样，两个熔融部分4a熔合在一起，从而第一部件2和第二部件3的接触面4熔合在一起。如上所述，在这两个部件的接触面4都熔融之后，移送机构13移送激光头12以便延长熔融部分4a的宽度。结果，两个部件的熔融部分可连续形成。
使用移送机构13移送激光头12以使所有待焊接部分熔融。此后，停止激光束发生器10。停止激光束R的照射之后，熔融部分4a冷却。此时，壳体5含有处于减压状态下的稀薄空气，因此抑制热扩散，这继而可抑制朝系统外部的热扩散。这样，减小了熔融聚合物的冷却速率，聚合物不是骤冷而是缓慢变冷，从而形成焊接部分4b。由于熔融部分这样缓慢变冷，所以可减小由部件的形状导致的温度波动。结果，焊接部分4b的结晶度增加，从而提高焊接强度并减少强度的变化。另外，由于壳体5内的压力减小，所以聚合物本身的熔点降低。因此，可使用低输出激光束执行焊接，从而节省设备成本。另外，即使是在减压环境中进行焊接，也可将两个部件整体放置在减压气氛下，以便不会出现毛边。
如上所述，在本实施例的激光焊接装置1中，在减压气氛下使由透射性热塑树脂形成的第一部件2和由吸收性热塑树脂形成的第二部件3相互接触，并使用激光束从可透射激光束的第二部件2一侧照射接触面4，从而焊接这两个部件。因此，抑制了朝系统外部的热扩散从而使熔融聚合物缓慢冷却。另外，减少了由部件的形状等导致的温度波动。因此，改善了焊接部分的结晶度，从而增加焊接强度并减少强度的变化。因此，可抑制毛边的出现，从而提高焊接质量。
下面将参照图2详细说明本发明的另一实施例。图2示出根据本发明的用于激光焊接热塑树脂部件的装置另一实施例的主要部分的构型。另外，与上述实施例相比，本实施例的特征在于用低导热性气体或惰性气体取代用于容纳两个待焊接部件的壳体内的气体以进行焊接。因此，对于与上述实施例的对应部分的构型相同的本实施例的其它部件，在本实施例中应用与上述实施例中相同的标号，以便省略对该部件的详细说明。
在图2中，在本实施例的用于激光焊接热塑树脂部件的装置1A内，使由可透射激光束的透射性热塑树脂制成的第一部件2与由可吸收激光束的吸收性热塑树脂制成第二部件3相互接触，并且通过使用从激光束发生器10发出的激光束熔融接触面4而使所述接触面接合。另外，激光焊接装置1A是一种这样的装置，其中在包含低导热性气体或惰性气体的气氛下使第一部件和第二部件相互接触，并使用激光束从可透射激光束的第一部件一侧照射这两个部件的接触面4，从而焊接两个部件2和3。
激光焊接装置1A配备有用于容纳第一部件2和第二部件3的壳体5。该壳体配备有提供低导热性气体或惰性气体的气体供应装置20，所述气体保持在气体容器21内。该装置构造成通过气体供应装置20用低导热性气体或惰性气体替换壳体5内的气体；在低导热性气体或惰性气体的环境下容纳两个部件2和3以便焊接所述部件。不必使用低导热性气体或惰性气体替换100％的壳体内气体。例如，可替换50％或更多的壳体内气体。
如上述实施例中所述，激光束发生器10包括激光振荡器11和经由光纤与该激光振荡器连接的激光头12。另外，激光头12上连接有移送机构13，该移送机构在焊接时以例如大约0.1～5m/min的处理速度移送该激光头12。此外，激光焊接装置1A配备有夹紧机构15，通过该夹紧机构向两个部件2和3施加挤压力以使所述部件相互紧密接触。这种构型等同于上述实施例内的构型。因此，在此省略其详细说明。另外，由于第一部件2和第二部件3的构型等同于上述实施例中的构型，所以省略对所述部件的详细说明。
当使用本实施例中的激光焊接装置1A进行焊接时，在壳体5内使第一部件2和第二部件3相互重叠，并使用夹紧机构15将这两个部件2和3相互紧密地挤压。将这两个部件设置成相互重叠以使透射性部件2朝向激光头12。在这种状态下，例如，操作气体供应装置20以便通过向壳体5a内提供低导热性气体来用该气体替换壳体5a内的气体。这种低导热性气体的优选示例是导热系数低于空气(0.0221kcal/mh℃)的气体。该气体的优选示例包括氮气(0.0207kcal/mh℃)、碳酸气(0.0125kcal/mh℃)、氨气(0.0188kcal/mh℃)等。
在用低导热性气体或惰性气体替换壳体5内气体的情况下操作激光束发生器10。然后，使用激光束R照射并加热两个部件2和3的接触面4，以使接触面附近熔融。这样就形成熔融部分4a。低导热性气体或惰性气体环绕着这两个部件，从而经由该气体限制熔融部分的热扩散量。因此，熔融部分4a的聚合物不是骤冷而是缓慢冷却以形成焊接部分4b。即，抑制朝系统外部的热扩散从而降低冷却速率。结果，增加了焊接部分4b的结晶度，从而提高了焊接部分内的焊接强度并减小了强度的变化。
如上所述，在本实施例的激光焊接装置1A中，在用低导热性气体或惰性气体替换壳体5内气体的情况下，使两个部件2和3相互接触，并使用激光束从由具有激光束透射能力的树脂制成的第一部件一侧照射这两个部件的接触面，以将这两个部件焊接在一起。因此，抑制了朝系统外部的热扩散，使得熔融聚合物缓慢冷却。另外，温度波动减小，焊接部分的结晶度增加，使得焊接强度提高。因此，可减小强度变化并防止出现毛边，从而可提高焊接质量。
上文已详细说明了本发明的实施例。但是，本发明并不局限于上述实施例。因此，可在不脱离本发明权利要求的范围所述精神的情况下进行各种变型。例如，可将构成激光束生成装置的激光振荡器和激光头合并在一起以便能可移动地设置在壳体内。
当然，除了上述热塑树脂之外，还可使用通用热塑树脂、通用工程塑料、超级工程塑料和热塑弹性体等。优选地，构成第一部件并且可透射激光束的透射性热塑树脂具有高透射率，而构成第二部件并且可吸收激光束的吸收性热塑树脂具有低透射率。优选地，这两个部件之间的透射率相差很大。
工业适用性
在本发明中，选择由透射性热塑树脂制成的第一部件和由吸收性热塑树脂制成的第二部件-所述两个部件具有不同的激光束透射率，以便能进行焊接，从而可提高焊接强度并减小强度的变化。本发明可用于焊接各种不同类型的树脂产品或树脂元件。

Claims (1)

1.一种用于激光焊接热塑性部件的方法，其中使由可透射激光束的透射性热塑树脂形成的第一部件与由可吸收激光束的吸收性热塑树脂形成的第二部件相互接触，通过使用激光束熔融而使所述部件的接触面相接合，该方法的特征在于：
在减压气氛下使该第一部件和该第二部件相互接触；
在减压气氛下使用激光束从该第一部件一侧照射这两个部件的接触面，从而使得所述部件的接触面熔融；以及
在减压气氛下冷却所述第一部件和第二部件的接触面以使得所述部件的接触面接合。
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