CN1950814A - 为联网的媒体服务器中所存储的内容管理书签信息的方法和装置 - Google Patents

为联网的媒体服务器中所存储的内容管理书签信息的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1950814A
CN1950814A CNA2005800141600A CN200580014160A CN1950814A CN 1950814 A CN1950814 A CN 1950814A CN A2005800141600 A CNA2005800141600 A CN A2005800141600A CN 200580014160 A CN200580014160 A CN 200580014160A CN 1950814 A CN1950814 A CN 1950814A
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安成俊
金昶贤
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Abstract

公开了一种通过基于UPnP标准的网络来管理媒体服务器的书签信息的方法和装置。如果请求对内容项加书签，则建立书签项，并且，通过把所建立的书签项的ID添加到该内容项的属性信息中并把该待加书签的内容项的ID记录在所建立的书签项中，把所建立的书签项链接至该内容项。

Description

为联网的媒体服务器中所存储的内容管理书签信息的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及对内容对象加书签，特别但不是限定的，涉及通过基于UPnP AV标准的网络来为存储在媒体服务器中的内容对象管理书签信息的方法和装置。
背景技术
随着小设备的计算能力的提高，各种廉价和通用的组网技术正在出现并且在产品化。
通过向PC操作系统添加即插即用(PnP)的能力，对PC安装、配置和添加外围设备变得非常容易。通用即插即用(UPnP)是PnP技术向整个网络的扩展，使得可发现和控制联网的设备和服务，如网络打印机、因特网网关和消费类电器设备。UPnP基于诸如TCP/IP、HTTP和XML等因特网技术。
UPnP AV体系结构定义三个主要逻辑实体：媒体服务器(MS)、媒体表现器(MR)和AV控制点(CP)。媒体服务器(MS)可访问娱乐内容并且可以通过网络把这些内容发送至另外的UPnP AV设备。媒体表现器(MR)可以从网络接收外部内容并且在本地硬件上表现该内容。AV控制点(CP)协调媒体服务器(MS)和媒体表现器(MR)的操作。
在UPnP体系结构中，每当收到来自AV控制点的诸如浏览活动的UPnP活动，媒体服务器(MS)展现有关其内容的信息。通过A/V控制点的用户接口所选择的内容通过流送(streaming)技术从该媒体服务器(MS)被传送至媒体表现器(MR)，并由该媒体表现器(MR)来播放。
在内容被播放的时候，可通过用户请求来停止内容的播放，并且可在以后恢复。例如，用户在收听音乐时可关掉MP3播放器，并在以后从该停止位置恢复音乐的播放。类似地，用户在观看DVD电影的时候可停止DVD播放器，并在以后从该停止位置恢复该电影的播放。对此，当电源断开或播放停止时，内容播放器自动存储有关被播放内容的状态信息。这样的功能被称作自动加书签。
通常，自动加书签是指保存你使用诸如Netscape导航器所访问网页的URL(统一资源定位符)，这样在以后你就可以容易地再次访问该网页。一旦在书签中存储了网页的URL，用户可以通过在书签中选择该URL来访问该网页，而无需键入该URL。
家庭网络中的媒体服务器可存储大量的内容，如媒体文件，并可通过网络把同样的内容同时提供给多个用户。当多个用户播放相同内容的时候，这种存储内容播放停止位置的简单书签功能就不再适合。因此，媒体服务器需要改进的书签功能。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术的缺陷，本发明的一个目的是提供一种方法和装置，使得多个用户可分别对媒体服务器中存储的内容加书签。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种方法和装置，使得可根据UPnP标准对媒体内容分别加书签。
根据本发明，如果接收到对内容对象加书签的请求，则建立书签对象，并且把所建立书签对象的ID添加到该内容对象的属性信息中。
根据本发明，当建立书签对象，该待加书签的内容对象的ID包含在该所建立的书签对象中。
在本发明的一个实施例中，用来存储书签对象的目录与用于存储内容对象的目录分开。
在另外的实施例中，书签对象被存储在位于用来存储内容对象的目录的容器中。
在本发明的一个实施例中，书签对象包括：书签对象ID，用于唯一标识该书签对象；该加书签的对象的ID；以用户可读格式编写的标题；书签对象类；UDN，用于存储用来呈现该加书签的对象的媒体表现器的表现控制服务(RenderingControl服务)的ID和/或AVTransport服务(AVTS)的ID；以及状态变量表，用于存储RenderingControl服务和AVTransport服务的状态变量。
在本发明的一个实施例中，如果内容对象被加了书签，则建立书签对象，并且其ID被添加到用于指示该加书签的对象的属性的元数据中。
在本发明的一个实施例中，如果接收到用于对内容加书签的请求，则控制点向媒体服务器发送建立书签的请求。当接收该请求，媒体服务器根据所接收的信息建立书签对象并把所建立书签对象的ID添加到待加书签的内容对象的元数据中。
在本发明的另一个实施例中，如果接收到对内容加书签的请求，控制点向媒体服务器发送建立书签的请求。当接收到该请求，媒体服务器建立书签对象，并把所建立对象的ID发送给控制点。控制点把该书签对象的ID添加到待加书签的内容对象的元数据中，并请求媒体服务器更新该内容对象的元数据。
在本发明的一个实施例中，根据存储内容对象的媒体服务器所定义的规则来确定所建立书签对象的ID。
在本发明的一个实施例中，书签对象的类被定义为“object.item.bookmarkitem”。
附图说明
通过下面结合附图的详细说明，本发明的上述和其他的优点会得到清楚的理解。附图包括：
图1示出根据本发明一个实施例的用于存储书签对象的目录结构；
图2示出根据本发明的书签对象结构；
图3a和3b示出根据本发明优选实施例的用于建立书签对象的过程；
图4示出根据本发明一个实施例的内容对象和所建立的多个书签对象之间的关系。
具体实施方式
为了使得可充分理解本发明，将参考附图描述本发明的优选实施例。
本发明的优选实施例满足下述的用于实现基于UPnP标准的书签功能性的条件：
1.UPnP AV体系结构中的媒体服务器所提供的每个对象都可以加书签。
(1-1)由于媒体服务器并不是只向用户提供单一的内容，因此可分别对内容加书签。
(1-2)一个内容可在该内容中的几个不同位置加书签。
2.可显示所保存书签的列表，使得可从中选择书签。
(2-1)可向用户提供有关全部几个书签的信息，并且所有这些书签被置于单一的容器中，便于从这些书签中选择一个书签。
(2-2)由于能够显示书签的数量是有限制的，可提供指出待显示书签数量的信息。
(2-3)可提供有关指出用于搜索书签的起始位置的起始索引。
(2-4)可提供有关所保存书签数量的信息。
3.如果选择了书签，则可利用所选择书签的信息来播放内容和删除内容。
图2示出了根据本发明的书签对象结构。该结构化的书签对象存储在媒体服务器的特定容器中。
图2所示的书签对象结构包含：书签ID 210，用于唯一标识书签对象(BM对象ID)；加书签的对象的唯一ID(加书签的对象ID)211；按用户可读格式编写的书签标题(如字符串)(标题)212；书签对象类(对象类)213；唯一的设备号(UDN)214，用于存储用来呈现该加书签的对象的表现器的表现控制服务(RenderingControl服务)的ID和/或AVTransport服务(AVTS)的ID；以及状态变量列表(状态变量表)215，用于存储RenderingControl服务状态变量(如音量和亮度)和AVTS状态变量(如表现时间)。例如，书签对象类213被定义成“object.item.bookmarkitem”。
当建立书签对象时，根据预定义的规则自动确定书签对象ID(BM对象ID)210。当AV控制点(CP)请求建立书签时，待记录在书签标题(标题)212中的信息、书签对象类(对象类)213、唯一设备号(UDN)214和状态变量列表(状态变量表)215由AV控制点来提供。要包含在状态变量列表(状态变量表)215中的信息等从媒体表现器(MR)接收并且提供给媒体服务器(MR)。
下面详细说明建立上述结构的书签对象以及管理其信息的过程。
图3a示出了根据本发明实施例建立书签的过程，其中对当前播放的内容对象(也称作内容项)加书签。
如果用户请求对由媒体表现器(未示出)播放的内容311加书签，则通过使用由UPnP AV标准定义的“CreateObject”活动来建立书签对象(也称作书签项)。
将详细说明该过程。如果用户请求对当前播放的内容加书签(S301)，控制点320请求媒体表现器的RenderingControl服务和AVTS提供用于该内容的状态变量并通过“GetStateVariables()”活动来接收这些状态变量(S302)。控制点320是控制应用程序，能够检测和控制其他设备和/或服务。控制点320在诸如PDA的具有用户友好环境的设备上执行。控制点320可结合到媒体表现器中。
如果按推送(push)方式进行从媒体服务器310至媒体表现器的流送，其中AVTS在媒体服务器310上执行，控制点320从媒体服务器310接收AVTS的状态变量。
控制点320调用“CreateObject活动”，这样媒体服务器310的内容目录服务(CDS)建立书签对象。要包含在书签对象中的书签信息也作为参数提供给该活动(S303)。所述书签信息是待记录在图2所示的加书签的对象211的ID、标题212、对象类213、唯一设备号(UDN)214和状态变量列表215的各字段中的信息。控制点320通过把媒体表现器的RenderingControl服务的唯一设备号(或AVTS的唯一设备号(UDN))存储在UDN字段中来递送该唯一设备号，这是当控制点320进行当前流送内容传输的连接时得到的。
待存储在标题212中的信息可组织成厂商专用部分和用户输入部分。如果标题212包含用于用户输入部分的单独的空间，控制点320请求用户输入期望的便于内容标识的串，并把该用户输入的串作为给“CreateObject”活动的输入参数传送给媒体服务器310。可替换地，控制点320可把待加书签的对象的标题传送给媒体服务器310。如上所述，待存储在对象类213中的信息可以是“object.item.bookmarkitem”。在不同的实施例中还可传送另外的信息。
用于建立书签对象的“CreateObject”活动及其输入参数用诸如XML的标记语言来编写，并传送给媒体服务器310。
当接收该活动，媒体服务器310的内容目录服务(CDS)根据包含在该活动的输入参数中的信息来建立书签对象。根据预定义的规则来生成该书签对象的ID并记录在书签对象ID(BM对象ID)字段210中(S304)。
在建立书签对象之前，媒体服务器310的内容目录服务(CDS)首先确定是否存在具有包含在“CreateObject”活动的输入参数中的相同信息的书签对象。仅当没有这样的书签时才新建书签对象。
现有的UPnP AV标准要求每个内容应该包含在具有“0”ID的根对象中。但在图1所示的本发明的优选实施例中，有独立的目录结构用于专门存储书签对象。在该实施例中，一般浏览活动只示出用于存储内容的目录。而只由特殊活动来示出用于存储书签对象的目录。如同内容目录的根对象的ID，书签目录的根对象ID是预定义的(如“bookmark_holder”)。
也可以把用于存储书签对象的容器置于根容器“0”之下的特殊容器中。
如果当调用“CreateObject”活动的时候控制点320对“bookmark_holder”设置parentobjectID，媒体服务器310的内容目录服务器(CDS)在根容器312之下建立书签对象，其ID是“bookmark_holder”。
在如上所述建立书签对象之后，媒体服务器310的内容目录服务器(CDS)把所建立书签对象的ID添加至用于描述该加书签的对象(即被播放的内容)的属性的元数据中。换言之，内容目录服务(CDS)更新有关该加书签的对象的信息(S305)。通过在加书签的对象中存储书签对象的ID而把书签对象和加书签的对象联系起来的理由是为了当内容对象改变时也更新与该内容对象相关联的书签对象。
例如，如果链接至书签对象的内容对象被删除，则该书签对象也不再有效。在这种情况下，当该内容对象被删除，则使用所存储的书签对象ID检测链接至该内容对象的书签对象，并且相应删除所链接的书签对象。
在建立书签对象并更新所链接内容对象的元数据之后，媒体服务器310的内容目录服务器(CDS)把所建立书签对象的ID和内容对象的更新的元数据传送给控制点320(S306和S307)，这样控制点320可以更新其有关通过前面的浏览活动接收的对象和书签的信息。信息传送可通过应答用于建立书签对象的“CreateObject”活动来进行，或通过由有关内容目录服务(CDS)管理的对象的信息的变化所产生的事件来进行。
图3b示出了本发明的另外实施例。媒体服务器310的内容目录服务器(CDS)建立所请求的书签对象(S314)并把所建立书签对象的ID传送给控制点320(S315)。当接收该ID，控制点320构造完整的有关该书签对象的信息(包括该ID)并在待加书签的内容对象的元数据中记录该书签对象的链接信息(即该书签对象的ID)。控制点320然后向媒体服务器310请求更新该内容对象的元数据(S316)，因此媒体服务器310的内容目录服务器(CDS)把该书签对象的ID添加至该内容对象中(S317)，这样使得与书签对象相关的数据同步。
如果接收到多于一个的对一个内容加书签的请求，如图4所示，媒体服务器310在对应的书签容器中建立与请求的数量一样多的书签对象，并把每个所建立书签对象的ID记录在该内容对象的元数据中。
在图4所示的例子中，具有ID“30”的内容对象链接至由4个书签活动(401)生成的4个书签对象(402)。每个书签对象包含所链接的内容对象“30”的ID。该内容对象的元数据403也包含这4个所链接的书签对象(1、2、3和4)的ID。
下面说明如上述登记的书签的搜索过程。
为了搜索书签对象，控制点320通过把parentobjectID字段设置成“bookmark_holder”(或其中存储了书签对象的容器的ID)向媒体服务器310请求浏览活动。如果书签对象的目录是与内容的目录分开的，则只能找到书签对象，而当通过把parentobjectID字段设置成“0”来请求“浏览”活动，则一起找到内容项和/或容器。
控制点320可通过把根ID设置成“0”而不是设置成书签对象目录结构的根ID(如“bookmark_holder”)来请求“浏览书签”活动，它与“浏览”活动具有同样的功能。如果请求“浏览书签”活动，媒体服务器310的内容目录服务器(CDS)解释作为书签对象目录结构的根ID(如“bookmark_holder”)的设置成“0”的parentobjectID字段的值，并搜索子女项，即书签对象，其中作为该活动的输入参数来传送parentobjectID。所检测的书签对象作为“浏览书签”活动的结果被传送给控制点320。
在“浏览书签”活动中用于指定要检索的书签对象数量和从哪个对象开始搜索操作的文法与“浏览”活动中的文法相同。
为了删除书签对象，使用具有与删除内容对象相同文法的“DestroyObject”活动。当书签对象被删除，媒体服务器310的内容目录服务器(CDS)从链接至该书签对象的加书签的对象的元数据中删除该书签对象的ID。按适当的方式把更新的对象信息提供给控制点320，这样媒体服务器310和控制点320可以同步它们的对象信息。
本发明使得用户可对内容对象在任何位置加和请求一样多的书签，因此提供播放内容的更便捷的环境。
本发明通过把所建立的书签和内容对象有效联系起来，自动执行管理书签和内容所需要的编辑操作，因此促进了书签管理。
尽管针对有限数量的实施例说明了本发明，受本公开启示的本领域技术人员能够理解其各种修改和改型。这些修改和改型也属于本发明的精神和范围之内。

Claims (18)

1.对存储在设备中的内容项加书签的方法，包括步骤：
(a)如果请求对所述内容项加书签，则建立书签项；以及
(b)把所建立的书签项的ID添加到所述内容项的属性信息中。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述书签项包括：书签项ID，用于唯一标识该书签项；该加书签的项的ID；按用户可读格式编写的标题；书签对象类；UDN，用于存储用来呈现该加书签的项的媒体表现器的表现控制服务(RenderingControl服务)的ID和/或AVTransport服务(AVTS)的ID；以及状态变量列表，用于存储RenderingControl服务和AVTransport服务的状态变量。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，其中所述书签对象类被定义成“object.item.bookmarkitem”。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中步骤(a)根据预定义规则生成所建立书签项的ID。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，还包括步骤：当删除内容项的时候，删除其ID包含在该内容项的属性信息中的书签项。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，还包括步骤：当删除所建立的书签项的时候，从其ID包含在该书签项中的内容项的属性信息中删除该书签项的ID。
7.一种用于通过网络提供内容的联网的装置，包括：
媒体服务器，用于存储包含媒体数据的内容项；以及
控制应用程序，用于根据用户的请求来请求对存储在该媒体服务器中的内容加书签，该控制应用程序在设备上执行，
其中，所述媒体服务器响应加书签请求，建立书签项并把所建立的书签项的ID添加到所述内容项的属性信息中。
8.如权利要求7所述的联网的装置，其中，当请求加书签时，所述控制应用程序向所述媒体服务器传送下列各项作为所请求活动的输入参数：待加书签的内容项的ID，按用户可读格式编写的标题，书签对象类，用来呈现该待加书签的项的媒体表现器的表现控制服务(RenderingControl服务)和/或AVTransport服务(AVTS)的UDN，以及RenderingControl服务和AVTransport服务的状态变量。
9.如权利要求8所述的联网的装置，所传送的书签对象类被定义成“object.item.bookmarkitem”。
10.如权利要求8所述的联网的装置，其中所述控制应用程序通过请求用来获得状态变量的活动，从RenderingControl服务和AVTransport服务接收获得状态变量，并且把所接收的状态变量传送给所述媒体服务器。
11.如权利要求8所述的联网的装置，其中所述标题的全部或部分是用户输入的数据。
12.如权利要求8所述的联网的装置，其中所述媒体服务器按照这样的方式来建立所述书签项：包含在所述各输入参数中的信息以及根据预定义规则生成的ID包含在所述书签项中。
13.如权利要求7所述的联网的装置，其中所述媒体服务器把所建立的书签项的ID传送给所述控制应用程序，作为对所述加书签请求的应答。
14.如权利要求13所述的联网的装置，其中所述媒体服务器还把添加到所述内容项的属性信息中的数据传送给所述控制应用程序。
15.如权利要求13所述的联网的装置，其中，在向所述控制应用程序传送了所建立的书签项的ID之后，根据请求，所述媒体服务器把所建立的书签项的ID添加到从所述控制应用程序接收的内容项的属性信息中，用于更新待加书签的该项的属性信息。
16.如权利要求7所述的联网的装置，其中，所述媒体服务器在由加书签的请求所指定的容器中存储所述书签项。
17.如权利要求7所述的联网的装置，其中，所述媒体服务器响应来自所述控制应用程序的删除所述内容项的请求，删除所述内容项，并且也删除其ID包含在该内容项的所述属性信息中的书签项。
18.如权利要求7所述的联网的装置，其中，所述媒体服务器响应来自所述控制应用程序的删除所述书签项的请求，删除所述书签项，并且也从其ID包含在该书签项中的内容项的属性信息内删除该书签项的ID。
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