CN1945025A - 在压气机中设置不均匀定子叶片间距的方法 - Google Patents

在压气机中设置不均匀定子叶片间距的方法 Download PDF

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CN1945025A
CN1945025A CN200610141281.8A CN200610141281A CN1945025A CN 1945025 A CN1945025 A CN 1945025A CN 200610141281 A CN200610141281 A CN 200610141281A CN 1945025 A CN1945025 A CN 1945025A
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stator vane
compressor
blade
group
housings
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J·C·高雷奥
S·P·瓦斯恩格
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General Electric Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/661—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/667—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps by influencing the flow pattern, e.g. suppression of turbulence
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00—Stators
    • F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
    • F01D9/04—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector
    • F01D9/041—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector using blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/52—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
    • F04D29/54—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/541—Specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/542—Bladed diffusers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/661—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/666—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps by means of rotor construction or layout, e.g. unequal distribution of blades or vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/80—Repairing, retrofitting or upgrading methods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
    • F05D2260/961—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise by mistuning rotor blades or stator vanes with irregular interblade spacing, airfoil shape
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/49236—Fluid pump or compressor making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/49236—Fluid pump or compressor making
    • Y10T29/49238—Repairing, converting, servicing or salvaging
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
    • Y10T29/49318—Repairing or disassembling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
    • Y10T29/4932—Turbomachine making
    • Y10T29/49321—Assembling individual fluid flow interacting members, e.g., blades, vanes, buckets, on rotary support member
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49716—Converting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49718—Repairing
    • Y10T29/49721—Repairing with disassembling
    • Y10T29/4973—Replacing of defective part
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49718—Repairing
    • Y10T29/49732—Repairing by attaching repair preform, e.g., remaking, restoring, or patching

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

上部压气机壳体中用于相邻的级S0和级S1的定子叶片数被在现场改变以设置另外的定子叶片并因此设置一个增大的叶片数。具体地说，压气机的壳体上半部(30)被从壳体下半部上拆下。在与该第一级叶片之相反的轴向侧面上的原始定子叶片(31)被从壳体上半部(30)上拆去，并用另外一组定子叶片(33)来替换，以在压气机的上及下半部壳体之间以及在沿轴向相邻的级S0和级S1之间设置了一种不均匀的叶片间距。这种不等的叶片数可以减小级S0和级S1之间的旋转叶片的振动响应。

Description

在压气机中设置不均匀定子叶片间距的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及在压气机中不均匀定子叶片间距并具体地涉及在一个压气机级的上及下半部压气机壳体中定子叶片的不均匀叶片数以便减小或消除相邻旋转叶片的振动响应。
技术背景
在轴流式压气机中，定子叶片是在压气机之不同级中与旋转叶片或轮叶交替设置的。该定子叶片是围绕压气机轴线沿周向相互间隔地安置的并且被固定在上与下半部压气机壳体上。该上与下半部壳体是在压气机中线上被相互连接的并且对于每个压气机级提供一套沿周围排列的定子叶片。当安装在转子上的每个旋转叶片以设定转速完成每个旋转时，该旋转叶片将从每个定子叶片接受空气动力的激励脉冲。这种脉冲可能是由于上游定子叶片的尾流或下游定子叶片的拱形波造成的。由此还可能在旋转叶片中由于在上游和下游定子叶片数目之间的不同而产生扰动。这些脉冲就在旋转叶片中诱发振动响应，其对旋转叶片会是有害的，由于高的周期性疲劳将导致(其)损坏。
一般地，在一个给定级的上与下半部压气机壳体中的定子叶片数或轮叶片数是相互间等同数目的。例如，在一个给定压气机的初始级S0中，在上与下半部压气机壳体之每个中定子叶片的叶片数是24/24。在下一级S1中，叶片数是22/22。第一个数字代表在上半部壳体中的定子叶片数和第二个数字代表在这同一级之下半部壳体中的定子叶片数。因此在级S0和级S1中总的定子叶片数分别是48和44个。然而，由于旋转叶片的振动响应，在过去已经应用了上与下半部壳体之间的不均匀叶片间距。因此，已经在连续级中设置了不同的与交替的上与下半部的叶片数以减小或消除所述振动响应。例如在一种压气机中，级S0和级S1中已分别采用24/23和23/24叶片数。这些不均匀叶片数已被应用在原始的设备制造中。
然而，还有在用的相当数量的压气机是，在给定级的上与下半部压气机中是相同数量的定子叶片数。在现场中确有另一些压气机是在上与下半部压气机中具有不同数目的定子叶片，同时相邻级亦即级S0和级S1具有等同叶片数但在该压气机壳体之上与下半部中为交替的叶片数。在现场中改变叶片数以前在实践中是未被考虑的，因为在现场中转子的拆卸是需要成本花费的。从而，所产生的一个需求是，将现场中的压气机改装为在相同级的上与下半部压气机中具有不均匀叶片数以减小振动响应并且无需拆卸转子。
发明内容
按照本发明的一个优选方面，提供一个在现场中设置定子叶片的方法，其能够改变在上半部压气机壳体中的叶片数以允许压气机在原地或现场被升级为具有不均匀上与下半部压气机壳体叶片数的压气机以减小旋转叶片的振动响应。例如，对于一个在现场中具有给定定子叶片数的具体的压气机，在压气机壳体之上半部中相邻定子级被设置为增大的定子叶片数，亦即，级S0为26/23和级S1为24/23以获得级S0为49个定子叶片数和级S1为47个定子叶片数。因此，只有压气机壳体的上半部需要在现场拆去以改变定子叶片数，同时在每级之下半部压气机中仍保持相同数目的定子叶片。这种定子叶片数的改变就产生了重要的优点，因为不需要为了改变叶片数而拆除转子以及(不需要)进入下半部壳体了。仅仅通过改变上半部压气机中定子叶片的数目以及改变相邻定子级之叶片数，该旋转叶片就不会陷入一个同步振动响应中，因此的周期性疲劳被最小化或被避免了。
在其的一个优选实施例中，设置一个改型翻新压气机的方法，包括步骤(a)，在原地拆下压气机壳体的上半部以打开该压气机；(b)，从这压气机壳体之被拆下的上半部中拆除该套列中具有最初叶片数的第一组定子叶片；(c)，代替该被拆下的第一组定子叶片，在压气机壳体之被拆下的上半部中安装第二组定子叶片，其具有不同于第一组定子叶片之叶片数的第二叶片数；和(d)，通过将具有第二组叶片的压气机壳体之上半部固定到压气机壳体之下半部上以封闭该压气机。作为优选，压气机是在原地被改装的，以便减小一套旋转压气机叶片对由至少一套相邻于该套旋转压气机叶片的定子叶片所产生的空气动力扰动脉冲的振动响应。
附图说明
图1是一个示出了不同压气机级的上半部压气机为了简明起见，图中删去了一些构件；
图2是其间具有转动的轮叶或叶片的级S0和级S1的透视图，图中示出了在这些级的上及下半部压气机中的不同叶片数；
图3是一个示意的端视图，图中示出了一个压气机在该压气机级的上及下半部中都具有相同定子叶片数；和
图4是该上半部压气机被拆出后的示意图和在该被拆出的上半部(压气机)中叶片数的改变。
具体实施方式
参考图1，其中描述了一个总体标为10的上半部压气机。压气机10包括一个安装叶片或轮叶14以围绕该压气机的轴线旋转的转子12和被固定在上半部壳体18上的定子叶片16。可以理解，转子的叶片14是围绕转子轴线沿周向相互间隔地安置的并且定子叶片16是类似地围绕该轴线沿周向相互间隔地安置的。这些叶片及轮叶构成压气机之不同的级。例如，叶片20和轮叶22构成压气机级S0，同时叶片24和轮叶26构成级S1。进(气)口导流叶片28也描述在图1中。
参见图2，其中示意地描述了级S0的定子叶片20和级S1的定子叶片24。安装在转子12上的轮叶22安置在定子叶片20和24之间。定子叶片20和24以及其他级的定子叶片一般是安装在上及下半部壳体上，如分别在图3和4中以30和32示意表明的那样。众所周知，压气机壳体的上及下半部是在水平中线上通过螺栓连接的法兰34而相互固定的，该螺栓连接的法兰可实现将壳体的上半部30从下半部32上拆除，同时转子保持在下半部壳体中。在图2中描述的定子叶片20及24之上与下半部是为了图形清楚起见而相互分开地示出的。
在图3中描述的现有压气机定子叶片的配置方案中，每个上与下半部压气机安装了相同数目或总数的定子叶片。在这个展示的方案中，上与下半部压气机的每个包含了23个定子叶片。为了减小安装在转子上的叶片或轮叶由于来自上游及下游定子叶片之气流脉动的激励所导致的振动响应，本发明的一个方面是只在压气机壳体的上半部中用一个另外数目的叶片来置换该定子叶片，从而分别在压气机壳体的上与下半部中设置有不同数目的叶片。另外，第二级S1同样也在上与下半部之间设置有不等数目的定子叶片。在两种情况下，压气机壳体的上半部都是在施工现场被改装的，亦即在现场提供另外数目的定子叶片，从而不用从下半部壳体中拆除转子。
安装程序示意地表明在图4中。首先，将壳体的上半部拆去，因此获得到达由压气机上半部所支承的定子叶片的通路。此后，其具有最初叶片数目的这个原始套列之原始第一组定子叶片31被从压气机壳体之拆下的上半部中拆出。在该壳体之上半部中的定子叶片数目优选地被增加例如到26个叶片而不是原始的23个叶片。于是，第二组定子叶片33被安装在壳体之已拆下的上半部中。在图4的示意图中，最后的定子叶片36就被安装在压气机壳体之上半部中，因此壳体的上半部现在装有第二组的26个定子叶片33(而非原始的23个定子叶片)并且下半部23继续装有原始的23个定子叶片。可以理解，为了增加另外定子叶片而将壳体上半部拆下就不再需要再将转子从壳体下半部中拆除了。这样就能实现压气机在现场或原地的改装了。
因此也将可以想到，级S1定子叶片的数目是被改变的。作为优选，级S1之第三组原始定子叶片被改变为在被拆下的壳体上半部中设置一个第四组的24个定子叶片35，同时在壳体下半部中维持原始的23个定子叶片。作为上述改型的结果，在修改之后的级S0具有一个总叶片数为49个叶片的26/23的叶片数，同时级S1具有一个总数为47个叶片的24/23的叶片数。这种在上与下半部壳体中不同的叶片数和级S0与级S1的相邻配置减小了该转子之轮叶或叶片22的振动响应。另外，49和47的叶片数是基于这种事实来选择的，即，它们是原始的或接近原始的数目并且它们不是一般发动机有规律激励，2/转，3/转和4/转之整倍数。这种情况一般是源于进气口空气的形态。发动机进气一般具有大量的发动机级。通过应用最优的叶片数目，就避免了这些激励级的谐振荡。
虽然已经结合目前被认为是最实际并优选的实施例描述了本发明，但可以理解，本发明并非被局限到所揭示的实施例上，而是相反，本发明意图是覆盖在附加权利要求书的构思及保护范围内包含的各种修改变型及等同配置方案。

Claims (7)

1.一种改型翻新压气机的方法，包括如下步骤：
(a)在原地拆下该压气机壳体的上半部(30)以打开该压气机；
(b)从压气机壳体之被拆下的上半部中拆出该套列中具有最初叶片数的第一组定子叶片(31)；
(c)代替该被拆除的第一组定子叶片，在压气机壳体之被拆下的上半部中安装第二组定子叶片(33)，其具有不同于所述第一组定子叶片之叶片数的第二叶片数；和
(d)通过将具有第二组(33)叶片的压气机壳体之上半部(30)固定到压气机壳体之下半部(32)上以封闭该压气机。
2.按权利要求1的方法，其特征在于：
步骤(b)包括，从压气机壳体之被拆下的上半部(30)中拆下其中另一套列的第三组定子叶片，该另一套列的第三组定子叶片位于旋转的压气机叶片与上述一个套列的定子叶片之相反的轴向侧；以及，代替这被拆下的第三组定子叶片，在压气机壳体之被拆下的上半部中安装第四组定子叶片(35)，其具有不同于第三组定子叶片之叶片数的叶片数。
3.按权利要求1的方法，其特征在于：
步骤(c)包括，将第二组定子叶片(33)安装在该压气机壳体之被拆下的上半部(30)中，该第二组定子叶片(33)具有一个比同一压气机级之对应的压气机壳体下半部(32)之定子叶片的叶片数要大的叶片数。
4.按权利要求3的方法，其特征在于：
第二组定子叶片(33)具有26个叶片和对应的压气机壳体下半部之定子叶片具有23个叶片。
5，按权利要求1的方法，其特征在于：
步骤(b)包括，从压气机壳体之被拆下的上半部(30)中拆下其中另一套列的第三组定子叶片，该另一套列的第三组定子叶片位于旋转的压气机叶片与上述一个套列的定子叶片之相反的轴向侧；以及，代替这被拆下的第三组定子叶片，在压气机壳体之被拆下的上半部中安装第四组定子叶片(35)，其具有大于同一压气机级之对应的压气机壳体下半部之定子叶片数的叶片数。
6.按权利要求5的方法，其特征在于：
第四组定子叶片(35)具有24个叶片和对应的压气机壳体下半部之定子叶片具有23个叶片。
7.按权利要求1的方法，其特征在于：
执行步骤(a)-(d)以减小一套旋转压气机叶片对由相邻于该一套旋转压气机叶片的至少一个套列的定子叶片所产生的空气动力激励脉冲的振动响应。
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