CN101737270B - 特大型垂直轴风力发电装置 - Google Patents

特大型垂直轴风力发电装置 Download PDF

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CN101737270B
CN101737270B CN201010106452XA CN201010106452A CN101737270B CN 101737270 B CN101737270 B CN 101737270B CN 201010106452X A CN201010106452X A CN 201010106452XA CN 201010106452 A CN201010106452 A CN 201010106452A CN 101737270 B CN101737270 B CN 101737270B
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power generation
shaft
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wind power
generation device
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CN101737270A (zh
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王京福
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Shandong Zhongtai New Energy Group Co Ltd
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JINAN HIGH-TECH DEVELOPMENT ZONE ZHONGTAI ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CENTER
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Priority to CN201010106452XA priority Critical patent/CN101737270B/zh
Publication of CN101737270A publication Critical patent/CN101737270A/zh
Priority to ES11739354.6T priority patent/ES2652638T3/es
Priority to SG2012055901A priority patent/SG182768A1/en
Priority to MYPI2012003289A priority patent/MY163923A/en
Priority to KR1020127022655A priority patent/KR101439337B1/ko
Priority to DK11739354.6T priority patent/DK2532884T3/en
Priority to PH1/2012/501586A priority patent/PH12012501586A1/en
Priority to PL11739354T priority patent/PL2532884T3/pl
Priority to PT117393546T priority patent/PT2532884T/pt
Priority to NO11739354A priority patent/NO2532884T3/no
Priority to AU2011213447A priority patent/AU2011213447B2/en
Priority to JP2012551484A priority patent/JP5694380B2/ja
Priority to EP11739354.6A priority patent/EP2532884B1/en
Priority to CA2788909A priority patent/CA2788909C/en
Priority to RU2012137778/06A priority patent/RU2529966C2/ru
Priority to US13/576,355 priority patent/US8847423B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2011/070425 priority patent/WO2011095075A1/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D3/066—Rotors characterised by their construction elements the wind engaging parts being movable relative to the rotor
    • F03D3/067—Cyclic movements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/005—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  the axis being vertical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种特大型垂直轴风力发电装置，包括固定在地面上的塔架以及稳固塔架的横梁，在上下横梁中心通过轴承垂直设置动力旋转轴，旋转轴的底端通过大盘齿轮连接发电机离合器，要点是在旋转轴设置多层一体的风轮机构及弧形框架，在每个弧形框架内安装无阻力活动风叶，在活动风叶与弧形框架接触处设有叶片挡块及叶片开启控制机构，发电机离合器连接发电量控制调节装置。本发明发电量大，阻力小，发电总量可达3000kW以上，而且自身重量比较轻，运行安全稳定，维护简单方便，使用寿命长，可以在河滩、海岸、山顶等区域安装使用。

Description

特大型垂直轴风力发电装置
所属技术领域
本发明涉及风力发电技术领域，具体地说是一种能够带动多台发电机运转的特大型垂直轴风力发电装置。
背景技术
随着能源的日益紧张与匮乏，长期以来人们一直都在尝试开发利用新的可利用能源。风能资源因无污染、资源丰富、潜力巨大而引起世界各国的关注并投入巨资进行开发。目前，用于风力发电的装置主要分两种类型，一种是水平轴风力发电装置，另一种是垂直轴风力发电装置。水平轴风力发电装置因能够充分利用高空的风能，风力转换效率都比较高等优点而得到了广泛应用。但是，水平轴风力发电装置的叶片比较长，行程空间大，对材料的强度要求很高，还有偏航、变速箱等附助设施，加上维修不够方便，这些因素制约了它向更大发电量的方向发展。现有的垂直轴风力发电装置，可以有效利用低空风能，无偏航、无尾翼动力系统，可以接受任何方向的来风。但是这种风力发电装置既要承受迎风、背风的冲击力，又要承受风向变化及风力大小的冲击力，这些缺陷使垂直轴风力发电装置的风轮机构容易受损，使用寿命短。目前，无论是水平轴风力发电装置，还是垂直轴风力发电装置，由于受到机械等多种因素的影响，最大单机发电量不超过3000KW，大部分单机发电量在500KW-1000KW范围内。因单机发电量小，制造成本就比较高，输送和上网都受到了限制，远远不能适应风能资源开发利用的需要。
发明内容
为了克服现有风力发电装置在结构上存在的不足，本发明的目的是提供一种无偏航、无尾翼、无阻力的特大型垂直轴风力发电装置。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
这种特大型垂直轴风力发电装置，包括固定在地面上的塔架以及稳固塔架的横梁，在上下横梁中心通过上轴承架和下轴承架垂直设置动力旋转轴，旋转轴的底端通过大盘齿轮连接发电机离合器，发电机通过电缆与变电室相连接，特征是围绕旋转轴设置1～10层多元一体的无阻力风轮机构，每层以旋转轴为轴心等角度、对称地设置1～5个由上横杆、下横杆和框架立撑组成的弧形框架，在每个弧形框架内的左右两翼分别通过上轴、下轴及叶片轴套安装1～5个活动风叶，在活动风叶与弧形框架接触处设有叶片挡块及叶片开启控制机构，弧形框架的外端边之间由固定杆相连接；发电机离合器连接发电量控制调节装置，控制大盘齿轮先后与不同功率的发电机连接并运转；所说活动风叶的横截面为“勺”形结构，活动风叶距旋转轴外侧的面积大于内侧的面积；弧形框架内的活动风叶偏纵向中心线安装，叶片轴线的一侧长度大于另一侧长度；旋转轴上设有制动限速装置。
本发明的有益效果是：
一是发电量比较大。由于采用了连接在旋转轴上的多层、多极一体的无阻力风轮机构，受风面积比较大。同时在发电机离合器上连接了发电量控制调节装置，控制大盘齿轮先后与多台不同功率的发电机连接并运转，使一台风力发电装置的发电总量可达3000KW以上。
二是阻力比较小。由于采用了“勺”形结构的活动叶片，活动风叶偏纵向中心线安装，因此叶片的受风面风力利用率高，背风面风的阻力小。特别是在活动风叶与弧形框架接触处设有叶片挡块和叶片开启控制机构，当活动叶片在接受风力转动180度后，叶片与弧形框架固定部位形成一条线时，叶片开启控制机构使活动叶片自动打开泄风口，将回转时的阻力降到最低限度；当弧形框架运转到可接受风力时，活动叶片又自动回位将泄风口封闭，完成风力作用在叶片上的推力。依次循环，保证了风轮机构高效运转。
三是使用寿命长。风轮机构的框架采用碳钢材料，活动风叶采用高分子纺织材料，风轮的阻力小，自身的重量轻，大大降低了风轮机构易损部件的损耗，保证运行安全稳定，维护简单方便，使用寿命长。可以在河滩、海岸、山顶等区域安装使用。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图；
图2是图1的A-A向剖视结构示意图；
图3是本发明结弧形框架的构示意图；
图4是图3的俯视结构示意图；
图5是本发明的活动风叶结构示意图；
图6是图5的B-B向横截面结构示意图。
图中1.上轴承架，2.旋转轴，3.弧形框架，4.活动风叶，5.上轴，6.下轴，7.发电机离合器，8.发电量控制调节装置，9.发电机，10.电缆，11.变电室，12.大盘齿轮，13.制动限速装置，14.下轴承架，15.风轮机构，16.塔架，17.横梁，18.固定杆，19.叶片开启控制机构，20.上横杆，21.框架立撑，22.下横杆，23.叶片挡块，24.叶片轴套。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
如图1、2、3、4所示，这种特大型垂直轴风力发电装置，高度60m，直径20m，由4根设置在地面上的钢筋混凝土材料塔架16以及稳固塔架16的横梁17构成，在上下横梁17中心通过上轴承架1和下轴承架14垂直设置直径260cm、壁厚12mm的动力旋转轴2，旋转轴2的底端通过直径15m的大盘齿轮12连接3台发电机离合器7，功率总量为3210KW，发电机9通过电缆10与变电室11相连。旋转轴2下部的大盘齿轮12上端设有制动限速装置13，保证在风力较大的情况下使风轮机构15平稳运转。
主要是围绕旋转轴2设置5层多元一体的风轮机构15，每层以旋转轴2为轴心，按照圆心角120°的角度、对称地设置3个由上横杆20、下横杆22和框架立撑21组成的弧形框架3，在每个弧形框架3内的左右两翼分别通过上轴5、下轴6及叶片轴套24安装3个活动风叶4，在活动风叶4与弧形框架3接触处设有叶片挡块23和叶片开启控制机构19，弧形框架3的外端边之间由固定杆18相连接。发电量控制调节装置8由微机和控制软件以及安装在大盘齿轮12上的转速传感器构成，当大盘齿轮12上转速能够满足第一台发电机运转时，计算机发出指令，将第一台1510KW的发电机离合器与大盘齿轮12连接；当大盘齿轮12继续运转，其转速能够满足第二台发电机运转时，计算机发出指令，将第二台1000KW的发电机离合器与大盘齿轮12连接；最后将第三台700KW的发电机离合器与大盘齿轮12连接。
如图5、6所示，活动风叶4采用重量比较轻的尼龙或高分子纺织材料制成，同时采用能够最大效率地利用风能，减少阻力的横截面为“勺”形结构。在每个弧形框架3内的一侧均安装了3个活动风叶，距旋转轴2外侧的活动风叶4长度为429cm中间的一个长度为336cm，靠近旋转轴2内侧的活动风叶4长度为192cm，高均为745cm。弧形框架3内的每一片活动风叶4，采取偏纵向中心线安装，叶片轴线的一侧长度a大于另一侧长度b。

Claims (5)

1.一种特大型垂直轴风力发电装置，包括固定在地面上的塔架(16)以及稳固塔架的横梁(17)，在上下横梁(17)中心通过上轴承架(1)和下轴承架(14)垂直设置动力旋转轴(2)，旋转轴(2)的底端通过大盘齿轮(12)连接发电机离合器(7)，发电机(9)通过电缆(10)与变电室(11)相连，其特征在于：围绕旋转轴(2)设置1～10层多元一体的无阻力风轮机构(15)，每层以旋转轴(2)为轴心等角度、对称地设置1～5个由上横杆(20)、下横杆(22)和框架立撑(21)组成的弧形框架(3)，在每个弧形框架(3)内的左右两翼分别通过上轴(5)、下轴(6)及叶片轴套(24)安装1～5个活动风叶(4)，弧形框架(3)内的活动风叶(4)偏纵向中心线安装，叶片轴线的一侧长度大于另一侧长度，在活动风叶(4)与弧形框架(3)接触处设有叶片挡块(23)及叶片开启控制机构(19)，弧形框架(3)的外端边之间由固定杆(18)相连接；发电机离合器(7)连接发电量控制调节装置(8)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的特大型垂直轴风力发电装置，其特征在于：所说活动风叶(4)横截面为“勺”形结构。
3.根据权利要求1所述的特大型垂直轴风力发电装置，其特征在于：所说活动风叶(4)距旋转轴(2)外侧的面积大于内侧的面积。
4.根据权利要求1所述的特大型垂直轴风力发电装置，其特征在于：旋转轴(2)上设有制动限速装置(13)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的特大型垂直轴风力发电装置，其特征在于：所说大盘齿轮(12)连接1～5台发电机离合器(7)。
CN201010106452XA 2010-02-05 2010-02-05 特大型垂直轴风力发电装置 Active CN101737270B (zh)

Priority Applications (17)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201010106452XA CN101737270B (zh) 2010-02-05 2010-02-05 特大型垂直轴风力发电装置
PT117393546T PT2532884T (pt) 2010-02-05 2011-01-20 Dispositivo de geração de energia eólica e estrutura de pás eólicas
AU2011213447A AU2011213447B2 (en) 2010-02-05 2011-01-20 Wind power generating device and wind blade structure
MYPI2012003289A MY163923A (en) 2010-02-05 2011-01-20 Wind power generating apparatus and wind blade structure
KR1020127022655A KR101439337B1 (ko) 2010-02-05 2011-01-20 풍력 발전 장치, 및 윈드 블레이드 구조체
DK11739354.6T DK2532884T3 (en) 2010-02-05 2011-01-20 WINDOW GENERATION DEVICE AND WINDOW BUCKLE STRUCTURE
PH1/2012/501586A PH12012501586A1 (en) 2010-02-05 2011-01-20 Wind power generating apparatus and wind blade structure
PL11739354T PL2532884T3 (pl) 2010-02-05 2011-01-20 Urządzenie wytwarzające energię z wiatru i konstrukcja łopaty wirnika
ES11739354.6T ES2652638T3 (es) 2010-02-05 2011-01-20 Dispositivo generador de energía eólica y estructura de pala eólica
NO11739354A NO2532884T3 (zh) 2010-02-05 2011-01-20
SG2012055901A SG182768A1 (en) 2010-02-05 2011-01-20 Wind power generating apparatus and wind blade structure
JP2012551484A JP5694380B2 (ja) 2010-02-05 2011-01-20 大規模垂直軸型風力発電装置、および風力発電装置
EP11739354.6A EP2532884B1 (en) 2010-02-05 2011-01-20 Wind power generating device and wind blade structure
CA2788909A CA2788909C (en) 2010-02-05 2011-01-20 Wind power generating apparatus and wind blade structure
RU2012137778/06A RU2529966C2 (ru) 2010-02-05 2011-01-20 Устройство ветрогенератора и конструкция лопасти ветрогенератора
US13/576,355 US8847423B2 (en) 2010-02-05 2011-01-20 Wind power generating apparatus and wind blade structure
PCT/CN2011/070425 WO2011095075A1 (zh) 2010-02-05 2011-01-20 一种风力发电装置和一种风叶结构

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