The planting and establishing method of low-maintenance Korea lawn grass greening lawn
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of planting and establishing method of low-maintenance Korea lawn grass greening lawn, promote Korea lawn grass to form fine and close underground root-like stock network and complete terrestrial stem foliage cover as early as possible in the planting phase, close down the growing space of weeds, under the prerequisite that guarantees basic ecological afforestation function in lawn and landscape effect, reduce the maintenance management cost on lawn to greatest extent, belong to the construction of city afforestation field.
Background technology
Afforestation is the main contents that ecocity is built, because the lawn not only has important ecological functions such as the urban heat land effect of subduing, reduction atmospheric dust pollution, and can also provide green stress-relieving activity place for the city dweller, so the lawn in the urban green space all the time in occupation of the area more than 1/3rd.In recent years, China's urban lawn green coverage increased rapidly, and many cities have reached or approaching 10 square meters of horizontal per capita.Along with the increase of lawn greening area, the maintenance of green grassland burden is more and more heavier, and the requirement of lawn maintenance management and the contradiction of funds become increasingly conspicuous.Because China's urban green space construction is mainly based on government's input, pork barrel is mostly included the financial budget of government in, and the funds of maintenance management usually are difficult to implement, and have caused many green grasslands to be not good at degenerating rapidly because of maintenance management, have lost the function in greenery patches.
The urban afforestation turf grass species of China's extensive use mainly contains Festuca Arundinacea, kentucky blue grass, English ryegrass, hybridization Bermuda, Manila Korea lawn grass etc. at present, all belong to external introduction grass seeds, these lawns all need meticulousr maintenance management just can show certain turf quality, thereby have caused China's urban afforestation lawn maintenance cost high.Because these lawns are relatively poor relatively to the adaptability of the weather of China, soil environment, under the low-maintenance situation, the lawn with the competing naturally of weeds in be in a disadvantageous position, green grassland is captured by weeds gradually; Secondly, these lawn species are had relatively high expectations to rich water, need regular fertilising and irrigate the needs that satisfy lawn growth, occur fertilizer deficiency and arid symptom under the low-maintenance condition easily, a little less than the growth potential, in addition dead; Moreover these lawn species infect some lawn diseases easily, as: brown spot, fusarium wilt, summer pinta, spring downright bad disease etc., need carry out the efficacious agents control period at the disease susceptible.Under the low-maintenance condition, these diseases take place easily and are popular, cause the large-area death in lawn.
The maintenance management cost on lawn mainly comes from following four aspects: the 1) disease pest and weed on lawn control.Lawn diseases such as lawn susceptible brown spot, fusarium wilt, summer pinta such as Festuca Arundinacea, kentucky blue grass, the bent grass of crawling, hybridization Bermuda susceptible is downright bad sick spring, need regular chemical agent to prevent and treat, otherwise the lawn can be large stretch of dead.Weeds be the most time-consuming in the management of China lawn maintenance, take a lot of work, an expensive big problem, present some need the lawn of meticulous maintenance not strong to the competitiveness of weeds, the regular weeding measure of needs guarantees the normal growth on lawn.2) irrigate.The water requirement on Festuca Arundinacea, kentucky blue grass, the lawns such as bent grass of crawling is bigger, year natural precipitation amount in the most of area of China is below 500mm, and skewness, be difficult to satisfy the water requirement requirement on these lawns, need regular irrigation could guarantee its lawn normal growth and turf quality preferably, lawn irrigation has aggravated the contradiction of China's water resource anxiety, in the phenomenon that the greenery patches often appears in summer and the people strives water.3) fertilising.Lawns such as Festuca Arundinacea, kentucky blue grass, the bent grass of crawling need prescribing adequate nutrition just can keep its normal growth, and fertilizer requirement is bigger, in case fertilising is not enough, withered and yellow phenomenon promptly appears in the lawn.4) prune.Lawns such as Festuca Arundinacea, kentucky blue grass, English ryegrass belong to the bunch type lawn, and vertical-growth speed is fast, need regular pruning could form the lawn with higher density.
Therefore, the low-maintenance lawn must have following characteristics: 1) sick worm is had resistance preferably; 2) can form fine and close lawn cover layer, with the competitions of weeds in have comparative advantage; 3) drought resistance is good, and natural precipitation can satisfy its water requirement substantially; 4) anti-soil is barren; 5) with the master that crawls to be grown to of underground rhizome or close proximity to ground.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the existing urban afforestation lawn defective high curing requirements, a kind of planting and establishing method of low-maintenance Korea lawn grass greening lawn is provided, utilize the good disease-resistant worm of China native soil lawn plant Korea lawn grass (ZoysiaJaponica cv.Zhangjiang), drought resisting, proterties such as anti-soil is barren, measures such as effective weeds control by the planting phase and rich water regulation and control, impel Korea lawn grass to form flourishing underground root-like stock network and complete terrestrial stem foliage cover in the short period of time, after making into the level ground weeds had absolute competitive ability, thereby the lawn that is embodied as behind the level ground does not need expensive manpower and materials to carry out the diseases prevention worm, fertilising, irrigate, maintenance managements such as weeding also can guarantee basic ecological functions in lawn and greening view under the low-maintenance condition.
For realizing such purpose, the present invention selects to adapt to lawn plant material of one's native land---the Korea lawn grass of low-maintenance, directly spread the method floor space by kind of stem planting method or turf, go out earlier during floor space and cut weeds to reduce the weeds radix in the soil, apply an amount of fertilizer to promote the fast rapid-result level ground on lawn, the level ground bed gradient of employing 1~5% realizes the draining of rainwash; By promoting the growth of Korea lawn grass underground rhizome and ground stolon during the floor space, at underground formation root-like stock network, form fine and close lawn cauline leaf on the face of land and cover, close down the growing space of weeds, thereby make the lawn that weeds harm substantially no longer take place.Because premium properties such as extremely strong disease-resistant worm, drought-resistant, the anti-soil of Korea lawn grass is barren can utilize natural precipitation and nutrient to circulate and keep the dynamic equilibrium of lawn growth, under the low-maintenance condition, also can guarantee good ecological functions in lawn and greening view.
Concrete grammar of the present invention is as follows:
1, the level ground bed is prepared: soil ploughs, smooth, and greening lawn is mainly with the form draining of rainwash, so the level ground bed will carry out the gradient when smooth, and the level ground bed gradient of greening lawn is controlled at more than 0.5%, and general desirable 1~5%.The fertility of normal agricultural land soil can be satisfied the demand substantially, no longer needs to apply any fertilizer, but too barren soil can apply fertilizer about 50~100 kilograms/mu as base manure, to guarantee the fast rapid-result level ground of lawn in the floor space phase.Before ploughing, soil sprays weeds on the present soil, to reduce the weeds radix of soil with 10% glyphosate steriland herbicides such as (2 liters every mu are converted 40 kilograms in water).
2, turf establishment: get underground root-like stock of Korea lawn grass or ground stolon as kind of a stem, being cut into length is the stem section of 4~5cm, every section kind stem contains 1-3 axillalry bud, evenly sprinkles the grass blade segment on smooth good soil, earthing 1~2cm, slight suppression, grass blade is combined well with soil, water once permeablely, and irrigate according to weather conditions, guarantee the required moisture of growth of seedling, until Cheng Ping.
Perhaps directly lay the Korea lawn grass turf of Cheng Ping on smooth soil, slight suppression makes turf combine well with soil, waters once permeablely, and generally 2-3 days interior turfs can grow new root system.
3, floor space period management: suitably irrigate according to weather conditions, guarantee the formation of young level ground root system, irrigating under the adequate condition, can recover growth in the week.Weeds control is the floor space key of success, the floor space phase is adopted " methoxone+it is swelled ", and (every mu of usefulness 20% methoxone 200 milliliters+20% makes it swell 40 milliliters, convert 40 kilograms of sprayings of water) the weeds that grow of method with preventing and kill off the lawn, to the perennial malignant weed that difficulties such as water peanut are killed, control with the method that 20 times of dilutions of 10% glyphosate are smeared grass cutting blade.Because the Korea lawn grass behind the Cheng Ping has formed fine and close underground root-like stock network and complete terrestrial stem foliage cover, has closed down the growing space of weeds, so weeds harm substantially no longer takes place behind the Cheng Ping.
4, manage behind the Cheng Ping: do not need maintenance management behind the Korea lawn grass Cheng Ping of the present invention under the normal condition substantially, in order to guarantee lawn landscape effect preferably, can cut the grass on a lawn aperiodically in the season of growth, cutting range is controlled at 5~6cm.
The present invention observes and the field comparative studies by plant growing habit for many years, 12 natural wild lawn plant materials from China Zoysia of collecting, centipede grass genus, Paspalum, Cynodon optimize 1 lawn plant material of one's native land that can adapt to low-maintenance---Korea lawn grass (Zoysia Japonica cv.Zhangjiang).This Korea lawn grass is the herbaceos perennial of grass family Zoysia, belongs to the warm-season turf grass seeds, and underground root-like stock prosperity can be in the underground root-like stock network structure that forms densification, and the level ground is splendid with proterties; Can capture the space rapidly with the form of stolon before Cheng Ping, turf speed is faster than Manila Korea lawn grass; Stipes is intensive, all intensive adventive root can take place on each joint, and well developed root system, root system mainly are distributed in the soil of 0-30cm; Each joint is gone up 1-2 the axillalry bud of can growing, and axillalry bud is growth upwards, the terrestrial stem tiller of formation densification, and lawn density height can effectively be closed down the weed seed in the soil behind the Cheng Ping, make it not have the space of germination and growth; The lawn quality is medium, and leaf look bright green is more bright-coloured.Green period and Manila Korea lawn grass do not have significant difference, and in the area, Shanghai, the reduction of mid or late November along with temperature enters resting state, to the coming year early March along with the rise of temperature is turned green gradually, the speed of turning green is slightly faster than Manila Korea lawn grass.Can adapt to the low-maintenance measure of nearly nature, the young leaves growth can reach in a basic balance with the Lao Ye decline, can not resemble the Manila Korea lawn grass and cause the lawn degeneration because dead leaf accumulation on the ground is too much.There is not obvious damage by disease and insect, without any need for chemical control; Drought resistance is good, enough satisfies the moisture requirement on lawn at the Yangtze River Delta Area natural rainfall, does not need to carry out man-made irrigation; Normal soil can satisfy the required nutrient of its growth substantially, needs to impose fertilizer hardly at growing period.
The present invention sprays the weeds radix that reduces soil with steriland herbicide before ploughing by soil, the floor space phase is with " methoxone+make it grand " management of weeds, smear grass cutting blade with glyphosate and come technology such as perennial malignant weed such as penalty kick water peanut, guarantee that Korea lawn grass forms flourishing underground rhizome network and fine and close lawn, ground cover layer rapidly in the floor space phase, close down the weed seed in the soil, make it and to sprout; In addition, utilize good degeneration-resistant proterties such as the disease-resistant worm of Korea lawn grass, drought resisting, anti-soil be barren, after making turf establishment Cheng Ping, do not need insect pests grass and fertilising, do not need maintenance management measures such as man-made irrigation, weeding substantially yet, realize guaranteeing under the low-maintenance condition basic ecological functions in lawn and greening view yet.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the generalized section of low-maintenance Korea lawn grass greening lawn of the present invention.
Among Fig. 1,1 is the acrial part stem tiller of Korea lawn grass, and 2 is the ground stolon of Korea lawn grass, and 3 is the fine and close network of the underground root-like stock composition of Korea lawn grass, and 4 is the root system of Korea lawn grass, and 5 is level ground bed original soil.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples technical scheme of the present invention is further described.
The Korea lawn grass that the present invention selects for use is perennial C4 plant, the suitableeest growth temperature is about 25 ℃, energy normal growth under 10-40 ℃ of temperature condition, progressively enter resting state when being lower than 10 ℃, the underground root-like stock of dormancy can be under subzero 25 ℃ cold environmental conditions safe overwintering, spring temperature get warm again after a cold spell to more than 10 ℃ the time, the axillalry bud on the underground root-like stock of dormancy begins to sprout, growth begins to turn green.
Korea lawn grass of the present invention is mainly expanded numerous in vegetative mode.Can get underground root-like stock of Korea lawn grass or ground stolon and expand numerous or turf establishment as kind of a stem, area with good conditionsi also can directly be bought into the turf on level ground and directly sod.The Korea lawn grass lawn of planting of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, the barren performance of the anti-soil of Korea lawn grass is very good, directly planting on the bed original soil 5 of level ground, Korea lawn grass lawn behind the Cheng Ping has the stem tiller 1 and the ground stolon 2 of acrial part densification, the fine and close network 3 that has underground root system 4 and be made up of underground root-like stock.
Embodiment 1
Open public lawn lawn: adopt kind of a stem to expand numerous method and carry out turf establishment.With 10% glyphosate (2 liters every mu are converted 40 kilograms in water) weeds on the native soil are carried out even spraying, weeds begin withered and yellowly after 4 days, carry out the level ground bed and plough.With rotovator rotary tillage bed soil twice, make level ground bed loosing soil, soil particle is even, and diameter is less than 1.0cm.Apply 50~60 kilograms/mu fertilizer, manually carefully flatten, make the gradient and be the appearance about 1-2%, mainly adopt the mode draining of rainwash, establish the inspection shaft draining at low-lying place with rake.Irrigate the level ground bed at turf establishment water the previous day, make level ground bed soil conservation soil moisture content preferably.Get underground root-like stock of Korea lawn grass or ground stolon as kind of a stem, be cut into length and be the stem section about 5cm, every section kind stem contains 1-3 axillalry bud, sprinkle the grass blade segment equably on smooth good soil, grass blade density is the grass blade section about 500 every square metre, the thick sandy soil in the earthing 2cm left and right sides on grass blade, slight suppression, kind of stem is combined well with soil, water once permeablely, soil moisture content reaches more than 90% of maxmun field capacity.Cover with shading screen, promptly have the Korea lawn grass bud from soil, to grow after the week, when treating that emergence rate reaches 60% left and right sides, throw off shading screen.First month in planting keeps soil moisture content, and soil moisture content is controlled at more than 60% of maxmun field capacity, to guarantee the smooth growth on lawn.The coverage rate of Korea lawn grass can reach more than 85% after 1 month, Cheng Ping substantially after 45 days.The floor space phase is adopted " methoxone+it is swelled ", and (every mu of usefulness 20% methoxone 200 milliliters+20% makes it swell 40 milliliters, convert 40 kilograms of sprayings of water) the weeds that grow of method with preventing and kill off the lawn, the perennial malignant weed that difficulties such as water peanut are killed, control with the method that 20 times of dilutions of 10% glyphosate are smeared grass cutting blade, impel Korea lawn grass to form fine and close underground root-like stock network and complete terrestrial stem foliage cover as early as possible, close down the growing space of weeds.Respectively once spread husky operation at the second month of turf establishment and three month available river sand, the husky amount in each shop is thick for 0.2cm, and husky back, shop broom is flat, makes the lawn keep more smooth stress-relieving activity surface.Can open to the public on three month lawn, as people's stress-relieving activity greenery patches, the flow of the people of every day is controlled at every square metre below 10 person-times.Lawn behind the Cheng Ping can enter the low-maintenance management, does not go and buy Chinese medicine, does not irrigate, does not apply fertilizer, and only keeps 1 time every month pruning frequency in the lawn growth most productive period of the annual 6-9 month, and cutting range is 6cm.
Embodiment 2
Both sides of highway greening lawn: adopt turf directly to spread the method planting.Subgrade soil when level ground bed soil is highway construction, soil fertility is general.With 10% glyphosate (2 liters every mu are converted 40 kilograms in water) weeds on the native soil are carried out even spraying, weeds begin withered and yellow after 4 days, carrying out the level ground bed ploughs, with rotovator rotary tillage bed soil twice, make level ground bed loosing soil, soil particle is even, diameter is less than 2.0cm, manually, slightly high in the middle made from the rake leveling, the ridged appearance that both sides are lower slightly, the gradient is about 5%, is beneficial to rainwater and enters the other inspection shaft of highway rapidly by the lawn rainwash.Sod the previous day water at turf and irrigate the level ground bed, make level ground bed soil conservation soil moisture content preferably.Directly sod on the level ground bed soil that has flattened with the Korea lawn grass turf of Cheng Ping, divot is staggered, and is paved with whole level ground bed, does not stay any space between the divot.Sod finish after with the packer compacting or the reality that tramps with one's feet, turf is closely contacted with lower floor level ground bed soil.Water once permeablely, soil moisture content reaches more than 90% of maxmun field capacity.The Korea lawn grass lawn can restore normal growth after 2 days, and lawn, a week back promptly reaches normal quality.
First month in planting keeps soil moisture content, and soil moisture content is controlled at more than 50% of maxmun field capacity, to guarantee the smooth growth of lawn root system.With " methoxone+make it grand " (every mu of usefulness 20% methoxone 200 milliliters+20% make it grand 40 milliliters, convert 40 kilograms of sprayings of water) the weeds that grow of method with preventing and kill off the lawn.When treating after one month that the lawn root growth is relatively more healthy and stronger, enter the low-maintenance management, do not go and buy Chinese medicine, do not irrigate, do not apply fertilizer, only on the summer pruning lawn in every year 1-2 time, cutting range is controlled at about 6cm.
Embodiment 3
Residential quarters greening lawn: adopt turf directly to spread the method planting.There are some building wastes in greenery patches, sub-district lower floor, above the about 50cm of thickness of earth covering, level ground bed soil is the soil that building lot digs out, fertility is relatively poor.With (2 liters every mu of 10% glyphosates; convert 40 kilograms in water) weeds that growing are sprayed; carrying out soil after 4 days ploughs; thick leveling back is sprinkled into soil to 100 kilograms/mu fertilizer; with the light rotary tillage soil of rotovator, make fertilizer and face of land 10cm soil particle mixing, manually flatten with rake; make the gradient that slightly tilts to the road surface that inspection shaft is arranged, the gradient is about about 1%.Sod the previous day water at turf and irrigate the level ground bed, make level ground bed soil conservation soil moisture content preferably.Directly sod on the level ground bed soil that has flattened with the Korea lawn grass turf of Cheng Ping, divot is staggered, and is paved with whole level ground bed, does not stay any space between the divot.Sod finish after with the packer compacting or the reality that tramps with one's feet, turf is closely contacted with lower floor level ground bed soil.Water once permeablely, soil moisture content reaches more than 90% of maxmun field capacity.The Korea lawn grass lawn can restore normal growth after 2 days, and lawn, a week back promptly reaches normal quality.First month in planting keeps soil moisture content, and soil moisture content is controlled at more than 50% of maxmun field capacity, to guarantee the smooth growth of lawn root system.When treating after one month that the lawn root growth is relatively more healthy and stronger, enter the low-maintenance management, do not go and buy Chinese medicine, do not irrigate, do not apply fertilizer, only keep 1 time every month pruning frequency in the lawn growth most productive period of the annual 6-9 month, cutting range is 6cm.