CN1904551A - Real time measuring method of forest fire field - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a kind of monitoring method of forest fire. It is a real-time measure method of forest fire field and adopts many advanced measure devices including the GPS receiver, the electronic theodolite and so on. It uses the GPS receiver and the electronic theodolite to measure angle to realize the in-time and exact measure of the fire point location, the fire speed and the fire height of the forest fire and report the fire behaviour of the forest fire. It supplies the first-hand information about the fire field for the directing and saving of the forest fire and supplies exact and reliable reference for the quick dispatching of the fire fighter, the collocation of the quantity of fire fighters and vehicles and the choice of the marching route. The measure method is simple and fast and the result is reliable.

Description

The method for real-time measurement in a kind of forest fires scene of a fire

One, technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of method of forest fire monitoring, the method for real-time measurement in particularly a kind of forest fires scene of a fire.

Two, technical background

Forest fires are a kind of very complicated spontaneous phenomenons, in a single day forest fires take place, and how to determine the position in the scene of a fire fast, in time understand the condition of a fire intensity of a fire in the scene of a fire, determine that the scheme of putting out the fire just becomes the problem of the most important thing, but the field measurement of forest fires is an insoluble problem always.Present forest fires monitoring means is advanced day by day, and several different methods such as satellite remote sensing, aviation monitoring, watch tower are applied in the forest fires monitoring.But above the whole bag of tricks all exists its shortcoming:

1. satellite remote sensing is owing to exist the decipher problem of pass by a matter of time and an image, is difficult to realize the monitoring fast and accurately to forest fires in practice;

2. the cost height is monitored in aviation, and the aircrew exists danger;

3. watch tower is subjected to the influence of visible range, can't realize the monitoring to whole forest zone;

4. in the patrol of traditional ground, for determining reporting that little place name mode carries out of forest fires fire point position, poor accuracy for determining of the condition of a fire intensity of a fire in the scene of a fire, can only be to report with some fuzzy modes, based on experience;

5. the integrated means of 3S technology simulate because the calculating of its forest fire appealing is calculated with experimental formula or semiempirical formula, thereby its accuracy can not reach gratifying degree;

6. fiery high mensuration fails to realize so far.

Therefore, when adopting methods such as satellite remote sensing, aviation monitoring, watch tower and ground patrol to carry out the forest fires monitoring, can not provide the in-situ data in the scene of a fire accurately and timely for suppression and diction.

Three, Fa Ming content

Can not report the shortcoming of the condition of a fire intensity of a fire of forest fires accurately and timely in order to overcome existing forest fires monitoring technology, the method for real-time measurement that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of forest fires scene of a fire, it adopts advanced surveying instrument such as electronic theodolite, GPS, can be in time, report the condition of a fire intensity of a fire of forest fires exactly, overcome the shortcoming that existing method exists, be put out a fire to save life and property personnel's fast dispatch of forest fires, the configuration of put out the fire personnel and vehicle fleet size, the selection of course etc. provides foundation accurately and reliably.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this: employing GPS receiver location, electronic theodolite angle measurement, realize forest fires fire point position, the mensuration that forest fires are fiery high with forest fires at top speed.

The method of forest fires fire point position finding is as follows: set up instrument observation station A, B at 2, its coordinate (X _A, Y _A) and (X _B, Y _B) measure by the GPS receiver; Make A, B put P at 2 and constitute single triangular form PAB with fire; The employing electronic theodolite is measured the angle α between AP and the AB, the angle β between BP and the BA; Utilize digital-to-analogue 1. $\left\{\begin{array}{c}{X}_P=\frac{X_A\mathrm{ctg\β}+X_B\mathrm{ctg\α}+Y_B-Y_A}{\mathrm{ctg\α}+\mathrm{ctg\β}}\\ Y_P=\frac{Y_A\mathrm{ctg\β}+Y_B\mathrm{ctg\α}+X_A-X_B}{\mathrm{ctg\α}+\mathrm{ctg\β}}\end{array}\right.$ Try to achieve the coordinate (X of fire point P _P, Y _P).

Forest fires method for measuring at top speed are as follows: settle electronic theodolite in any side perpendicular to wind direction, be engraved in the coordinate (X that measures duration and degree of heating P1 on the duration and degree of heating direction during T1 _P1, Y _P1), be engraved in the coordinate (X that measures duration and degree of heating P2 on the duration and degree of heating direction during T2 _P2, Y _P2), then can be 2. by digital-to-analogue $S=\sqrt{{(X_{P2}-X_{P1})}^2+{(Y_{P2}-Y_{P1})}^2}$ Try to achieve fire point P1 between P2 apart from S, so by digital-to-analogue 3. V=S/ (T2-T1) try to achieve the linear velocity V of duration and degree of heating in the time (T2-T1).

The method of forest fires fire high assay is as follows: settle that electronic theodolite measures that flame top zenith distance α 1, bottom zenith distance α 2 and equipment placement point to fire put apart from l, by digital-to-analogue 4. H=l * (tg (90-α 1)-tg (90-α 2)) try to achieve flame height H.

This invention is compared with existing method and is had the following advantages:

(1) measures at forest fires generation scene, can report the condition of a fire intensity of a fire of forest fires in time according to measuring numerical value;

(2) employing high precision, advanced person's surveying instrument, with existing definite the comparing on a large scale in fire point position, this measuring method employing coordinate mode is determined fire point position, makes its measurement result have higher accuracy;

(3) realized accurate measurement to flame height;

(4) measuring method is simply quick, only need simply train personnel and can carry out the practical operation use.

Four, description of drawings

The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.

Fig. 1 is a forest fires fire point location synoptic diagram;

Fig. 2 measures synoptic diagram at top speed for forest fires;

Fig. 3 is a forest fires elevation measurement synoptic diagram.

Five, embodiment:

The method for real-time measurement in the forest fires scene of a fire is different with existing method, has done significant improvement, specifically:

The ground patrol is one group with 3-5 people, is equipped with 2 of 2 of electronic theodolites and GPS receivers, and the GPS receiver can be realized quick location, and electronic theodolite is mainly used to angle measurement.

When finding forest fires, can realize that forest fires fire point position is quick, prepare the location: as shown in Figure 1, at first utilize the GPS receiver to carry out A, B two point locations record coordinate (X _A, Y _A) and (X _B, Y _B), then at A, 2 of B set up electronic theodolite, record horizontal angle α and β; By formula $\left\{\begin{array}{c}{X}_P=\frac{X_A\mathrm{ctg\β}+X_B\mathrm{ctg\α}+Y_B-Y_A}{\mathrm{ctg\α}+\mathrm{ctg\β}}\\ Y_P=\frac{Y_A\mathrm{ctg\β}+Y_B\mathrm{ctg\α}+X_A-X_B}{\mathrm{ctg\α}+\mathrm{ctg\β}}\end{array}\right.$ Try to achieve the coordinate (X of fire point P _P, Y _P).

Forest fires are assay method at top speed: as shown in Figure 2, MN represents the direction of wind direction among the figure, and electronic theodolite is placed in any side perpendicular to wind direction, carries out forest fires fire point location; T1 measures the coordinate (X of duration and degree of heating P1 constantly according to preceding method on the duration and degree of heating direction arbitrarily _P1, Y _P1); T2 after the forest fires box haul spreads measures the coordinate (X of duration and degree of heating P2 constantly according to preceding method on the duration and degree of heating direction _P2, Y _P2), then can by $S=\sqrt{{(X_{P2}-X_{P1})}^2+{(Y_{P2}-Y_{P1})}^2}$ Try to achieve fire point P1 between P2 apart from S, so try to achieve the linear velocity V of duration and degree of heating in the time (T2-T1) by V=S/ (T2-T1).

Forest fires fire high assay method: as shown in Figure 3, H is a flame height, by electronic theodolite aiming flame top, records zenith distance α 1; Aiming flame bottom records zenith distance α 2; And record equipment placement point to fire point apart from l, try to achieve flame height H by H=l * (tg (90-α 1)-tg (90-α 2)).

Claims (4)

1. the method for real-time measurement in a forest fires scene of a fire is characterized in that: employing GPS receiver location, electronic theodolite angle measurement, realization forest fires fire point position, the mensuration that forest fires are fiery high with forest fires at top speed.

2. the method for real-time measurement in the forest fires according to claim 1 scene of a fire is characterized in that: wherein the method for forest fires fire point position finding is as follows: set up instrument observation station A, B at 2, its coordinate (X _A, Y _A) and (X _B, Y _B) measure by the GPS receiver; Make A, B put P at 2 and constitute single triangular form PAB with fire; The employing electronic theodolite is measured the angle α between AP and the AB, the angle β between BP and the BA; Utilize digital-to-analogue 1. $\left\{\begin{array}{c}{X}_P=\frac{X_1\mathrm{ctg\β}+X_B\mathrm{ctg\α}+Y_B-Y_A}{\mathrm{ctg\α}+\mathrm{ctg\β}}\\ Y_P=\frac{Y_A\mathrm{ctg\β}+Y_B\mathrm{ctg\α}+X_A-X_B}{\mathrm{ctg\α}+\mathrm{ctg\β}}\end{array}\right.$ Try to achieve the coordinate (X of fire point P _P, Y _P).

3. the method for real-time measurement in the forest fires according to claim 1 scene of a fire is characterized in that: wherein method for measuring is as follows at top speed for forest fires: settle electronic theodolite in any side perpendicular to wind direction, be engraved in the coordinate (X that measures duration and degree of heating P1 on the duration and degree of heating direction during T1 _P1, Y _P1), be engraved in the coordinate (X that measures duration and degree of heating P2 on the duration and degree of heating direction during T2 _P2, Y _P2), then can be 2. by digital-to-analogue $S=\sqrt{{(X_{P2}-X_{P1})}^2+{(Y_{P2}-Y_{P1})}^2}$ Try to achieve fire point P1 between P2 apart from S, so 3. by digital-to-analogue $V=S/(T2-T1)$ Try to achieve the linear velocity V of duration and degree of heating in the time (T2-T1).

4. the method for real-time measurement in the forest fires according to claim 1 scene of a fire, it is characterized in that: wherein the method for forest fires fire high assay is as follows: settle that electronic theodolite measures that flame top zenith distance α 1, bottom zenith distance α 2 and equipment placement point to fire put apart from l, by digital-to-analogue 4. H=l * (tg (90-α 1)-tg (90-α 2)) try to achieve flame height H.

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