CN1901809A - 所收获植物材料的消毒和/或防腐方法 - Google Patents
所收获植物材料的消毒和/或防腐方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1901809A CN1901809A CNA2004800392873A CN200480039287A CN1901809A CN 1901809 A CN1901809 A CN 1901809A CN A2004800392873 A CNA2004800392873 A CN A2004800392873A CN 200480039287 A CN200480039287 A CN 200480039287A CN 1901809 A CN1901809 A CN 1901809A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- fluid composition
- vegetable material
- per
- hydrogen peroxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Peracetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)OO KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000005418 vegetable material Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 17
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical group [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- -1 ester peracid Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 7
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960005137 succinic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004967 organic peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940090248 4-hydroxybenzoic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 3
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- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 150000004972 metal peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylcyclopentane Chemical compound C=CC1CCCC1 BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
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- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-IGMARMGPSA-N Protium Chemical compound [1H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PQLVXDKIJBQVDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.CC(O)=O PQLVXDKIJBQVDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229960004365 benzoic acid Drugs 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- LHJQIRIGXXHNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium peroxide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][O-] LHJQIRIGXXHNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 4
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- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 240000004296 Lolium perenne Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001597008 Nomeidae Species 0.000 description 2
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- 229940045872 sodium percarbonate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- MXYOPVWZZKEAGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phosphonoethylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)C(C)P(O)(O)=O MXYOPVWZZKEAGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LJGHYPLBDBRCRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-aminophenyl)sulfonylaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(S(=O)(=O)C=2C=C(N)C=CC=2)=C1 LJGHYPLBDBRCRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000007319 Avena orientalis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100008049 Caenorhabditis elegans cut-5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000234642 Festuca Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
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- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000209082 Lolium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219745 Lupinus Species 0.000 description 1
- SPAGIJMPHSUYSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium peroxide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][O-] SPAGIJMPHSUYSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 241000219793 Trifolium Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019714 Triticale Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002421 anti-septic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011087 fumaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DLINORNFHVEIFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen peroxide;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].OO DLINORNFHVEIFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007954 hypoxia Effects 0.000 description 1
- LVPMIMZXDYBCDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocinchomeronic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)N=C1 LVPMIMZXDYBCDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007965 phenolic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940081066 picolinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- GJAWHXHKYYXBSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridinedicarboxylic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1C(O)=O GJAWHXHKYYXBSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
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- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B7/154—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B7/157—Inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
- A23B9/16—Preserving with chemicals
- A23B9/24—Preserving with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B9/26—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
- A23B9/16—Preserving with chemicals
- A23B9/24—Preserving with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B9/30—Inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
- A23K30/15—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
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Abstract
通过使所收获的植物材料与含有至少一种过氧化合物和至少一种防腐剂的液体组合物接触来对所收获的植物材料进行消毒和/或防腐的方法。
Description
本发明涉及一种所收获植物材料例如用作动物饲料的草料的消毒和/或防腐方法。
草料常常用作动物饲料，尤其是牛和马的饲料。它由例如所收获的草类、谷类、豆类和其他植物材料构成。在大多数情况下，饲料在生长季节里一年收获数次，并贮藏起来用作冬天不能得到新鲜食物时的动物饲料。饲料一般都贮藏在贮料垛中。在贮藏期间，贮料垛中的微生物可能是具有活性的。这些微生物可以把草料用作营养物，将其分解成其他的产物。如果这种微生物活动发生在厌氧或低氧条件下，那么就会发生发酵作用，把营养物特别是草料中的糖转变成有机酸。最后，有机酸的增加和由它引起的草料pH降低本身能够降低或终止厌氧微生物的活性。这样，草料就变成了青贮饲料(发酵草料)。因此该微生物活性是受自身制约的，并且对于动物饲料具有防腐效果。然而，糖转变为酸降低所得青贮饲料对其所施用于的动物的营养质量。特别是对于牛，它的反刍消化系统非常显著地依赖于内部微生物活性。很明显，如果动物饲料中糖营养物部分已经发酵变成酸，那么对于牛来说的反刍消化和由此导致的营养价值就会降低。另外，草料的发酵和酸化作用影响受饲动物，例如牛对草料的需求，并因此影响饲料转化率。特别是不希望有高水平的丁酸。
一旦开始贮存草料用作动物饲料，草料的表面就会暴露于空气中并且升高氧气水平。这会使得需氧微生物例如细菌、酵母和霉菌生长，这些微生物会导致草料营养质量下降和降低牛对饲料的可接受性。
因此，重要的是有一种草料处理方法，它给饲料消毒以减少收获期间的初期污染，并保护草料免于需氧和厌氧微生物在整个贮藏期间包括当草料贮藏区暴露于空气中以用作饲料时的敏感期的后续感染和生长。
通常使用利用甲酸或其盐的草料处理方法。已知处理方法的其它例子公开在专利申请EP 054995中，其中使用过氧化钙处理饲料。在Kerley Ms et al，Science，
230(4727)，p.820-2(1985)中，在麦秆、玉米穗轴和玉米秆上使用了过氧化氢体系。在参考文献Diouri M.，Dissertation，54(2)，p.559(1993)的摘要CAS 120：132757中，联合使用过氧化氢和氨水处理草料。
本发明的目的在于提供一种对所收获的植物材料进行消毒和/或防腐的新方法，其降低微生物活性，提供氧气并减少厌氧发酵，从而维持所收获植物材料作为动物饲料的令人满意的营养质量。本发明的另一个目的是当所收获的植物材料用作动物饲料时，维持受饲动物对饲料的充分需求或可接受性。本发明的另一个目的是减少收获期间的初期污染，并保护所收获的草料免于微生物在贮藏期间的后续感染和生长。
为此，本发明涉及通过使所收获的植物材料与包含至少一种过氧化合物和至少一种防腐剂(例如有机酸或其盐)的液体组合物接触来对所收获的植物材料进行消毒和/或防腐的方法。
本发明的基本特征之一是联合使用过氧化合物和防腐剂(例如有机酸或盐)。这种新的组合实际上产生几个优点，例如与传统产品如甲酸相比，动物优选食用由该组合处理过的植物材料。另一个优点在于，牛食用了经本发明方法处理的植物材料后，牛奶产量提高。还有一个优点在于减少植物材料的发酵并因此具有较高的营养价值例如较高的糖含量。其他的优点是：
·通过消毒和氧气影响来控制微生物的活性，并由此减少厌氧发酵，
·维持植物材料中高的糖含量，这样能使受饲动物特别是反刍动物获得更好的消化和营养质量，而且也能获得植物材料的更好外观，
·防腐以防止在用于饲养的开放植物材料贮藏贮料垛或夹具上的微生物腐败，导致植物材料表面暴露在氧气中获得有氧条件。
术语“防腐剂”是指一种用于防止材料生物变质的化学品。这通常需要化学品在所要保护的材料中持久，以提供进行中的生物抑制活性。
术语“所收获的植物材料”是指已经从其栽培位置收割并留在栽培位置或者正在或已经运送到贮藏位置例如农场中的贮料垛或其他专用位置的植物材料。可以使用任何适当的机器收割，例如割草机、饲料收割机或联合收割机，或者用大镰刀或剪刀手工收割。该处理法可以在收割后的植物材料留在其栽培位置时进行。作为替代方案，该处理法可以在从栽培位置到贮藏位置的运送期间进行。在另一种变化方案中，该处理法可以在收割后的植物材料装填到贮藏设备期间进行。最后，该处理法也可以在贮藏期间进行。
经本发明的方法处理的植物材料可以是草，例如黑麦草、梯牧草、酥油草等；谷类，例如玉米、小麦、大麦、黑小麦、黑麦、燕麦等；豆类，例如豌豆、苜蓿、羽扇豆；和种子，例如向日葵籽。在不能得到新鲜食物时，特别是冬天时，本发明的方法有利地用于收获和贮藏起来饲养动物的植物材料。这些动物饲料的典型例子是草、谷类和豆类。用草，也称作草类饲料或草料获得特别好的结果。在大多数情况下，经本发明的方法处理的植物材料是选自所收获的草、谷类、玉米、小麦、豆类及其混合物的动物饲料。
本发明的方法在于使所收获的植物材料与液体组合物接触。所述接触可以通过允许该液体组合物和植物材料切口部分最大程度接触的任何适当的方法完成。例如可以通过把该液体组合物喷到所收获的植物材料上或简单地把液体组合物倾倒在所收获的植物材料上。还可以在贮藏大体积的所收获植物材料时首先收集小体积的所收获植物材料，使该体积的上表面与液体组合物接触，在其顶部再添加另一体积的所收获材料，然后使该另一体积的上表面与该液体组合物接触，等等，直至达到总体积。
在本发明的方法中使用的液体组合物可以选自过氧化合物和防腐剂(例如有机酸或盐)都溶解的水溶液或非水溶液。它还可以选自过氧化合物和/或防腐剂(例如有机酸或盐)和/或另一种添加剂以固体颗粒形式存在的水悬浮液或非水悬浮液。优选是水溶液。
在本发明的方法中使用的过氧化合物可以是过氧化氢或任何溶解或悬浮于液体组合物中时导致过氧化氢形成的前体。这些前体的例子可以是有机过酸、酯过酸、过酸盐、金属过氧化物或其混合物。
有机过酸可以选自包含1到20个碳原子，具体是1到10个碳原子，更具体是1到6个碳原子的有机过酸。它们可以是例如过甲酸、过乙酸、过辛酸及其混合物。
酯过酸可以选自在专利申请WO 95/34537，WO 98/28267和WO 99/67213中公开的那些，它们通常具有化学通式
R-O-CO-(CH2)x-CO3H
其中R代表具有1到6、具体是1到4个碳原子的烷基，x为1到4。烷基可以是线型或支化的。适当的烷基的例子是正或异丙基、以及正、异或叔丁基。优选R是甲基。在许多情况下，x是2、3或者4。在一个具体实施方案中，在本发明的方法中使用的液体组合物包含x是2、3和4的酯过酸的混合物，即过己二酸、过戊二酸和过琥珀酸的单酯的混合物。在一个特别优选的实施方案中，在液体组合物中存在的酯过酸的主要部分的x等于3。最优选的酯过酸是包含过己二酸、过戊二酸和过琥珀酸的单甲酯的混合物。
过酸盐可以选自一水合高硼酸钠、四水合高硼酸钠、过碳酸钠、过硫酸钠及其混合物。特别优选的是过碳酸钠。
金属过氧化物可以选自过氧化钙、过氧化镁、过氧化锌及其混合物。
最优选的过氧化合物是过氧化氢、过乙酸、和包含过己二酸、过戊二酸和过琥珀酸的单甲酯的混合物。
在本发明的方法中使用的防腐剂可以选自但不限于以下物质：磷酸钠、蔗糖、亚硫酸盐、亚硝酸钠、氯化钠、丙-1，2-二醇、甲醛、乙醛。优选该防腐剂是有机酸或其盐。所述有机酸可以选自具有至少一个-COOH基团的有机产物。它们通常包含至少2个碳原子，尤其是包含至少3个，在某些情况下包含至少6个碳原子。它们可以包含至多20个碳原子，特别是至多16个碳原子，在许多情况下至多12个碳原子。适当有机酸的典型例子是乙酸、辛酸、苯甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸、山梨酸、抗坏血酸、柠檬酸、乳酸、苹果酸、延胡索酸、酒石酸、丙酸、琥珀酸、酸式酯和它们的盐，或其混合物。苯甲酸提供好的结果。在一些情况下，优选的是，当过氧化合物是过氧化氢时，该有机酸不同于甲酸。此外，当过氧化合物是过乙酸时，液体组合物可以不仅仅包含乙酸作为有机酸，而且还需要另一种有机酸。
有机酸的盐可以是上述有机酸的任何盐。钠、钾和钙盐是适当的。苯甲酸钠提供特别好的结果。在本发明特别有利的实施方案中，过氧化合物是过氧化氢并且有机酸或盐是苯甲酸钠。
在根据本发明的方法中，该液体组合物一般包含至少0.5wt％、具体是至少1wt％、在大多数情况下至少5wt％的量的过氧化合物。过氧化合物的量通常是至多60wt％，特别是至多50wt％，最通常是至多40wt％。当该过氧化物是过氧化氢时，以5-60wt％的H2O2量、约18wt％、约20wt％和约35wt％的典型H2O2量得到好的结果。当过氧化合物是过乙酸时，以0.5-40wt％的H2O2量、约1wt％和约5wt％的典型量得到好的结果。一般地，过氧化合物的量是5-60wt％时可以得到满意的结果。
在根据本发明的方法中，该液体组合物一般包含防腐剂的量是至少5wt％，具体是至少7wt％，在大多数情况下是至少10wt％。防腐剂的量通常是至多25wt％，尤其是至多23wt％，最可能是至多20％。防腐剂的量是5-25wt％时得到满意的结果。
在本发明的特别有利的实施方案中，其中使用过氧化氢和苯甲酸钠，它们在液体组合物中的量分别优选为过氧化氢15-35wt％、苯甲酸钠10-20wt％。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中，该液体组合物是包含过乙酸、乙酸和过氧化氢的水溶液，任选地与不同于乙酸的有机酸组合。在另一个实施方案中，液体组合物中过乙酸的量一般是0.5-40wt％(具体是1-10wt％)的过乙酸，0.1-30wt％(特别是5-25wt％)的过氧化氢，1-60wt％(在某些情况下是20-55wt％)的乙酸。在另一个实施方案中，推荐使用乙酸与过乙酸具有高摩尔比的量的过乙酸和乙酸。例如，该摩尔比可以是至少1，特别是至少5，最通常是至少10。该摩尔比通常是至多200，尤其是至多100，通常是至多50。
在本发明的方法中，过氧化合物和有机酸或盐的量一般使得过氧化合物与有机酸或盐的摩尔比是至少0.05，特别是至少0.1，优选该比例是至少0.2。该重量比可以是至多20，尤其是至多10，在大多数情况下至多5。
在本发明的方法中，该液体组合物的使用量是每吨植物材料至少0.5l，尤其是至少0.8，在大多数情况下是每吨植物材料至少1l。该液体组合物的量通常是每吨植物材料至多10l，更具体是至多5，在许多情况下是每吨植物材料至多3l。该液体组合物的量为每吨植物材料0.5-10l，尤其是每吨植物材料1-3l时，得到好的结果。
在本发明的方法中，推荐使用酸性液体组合物。因此该液体组合物的pH一般是至少1，特别是至少2，在一些情况下是至少4。该pH值可以是至多7，例如至多6.5，通常是至多6。当液体组合物的pH是1-7时，得到比较好的结果。
在本发明的方法中使用的液体组合物还可以包含其他产品，例如过氧稳定剂。适当的稳定剂包括羟基取代的芳香羧酸及其酯衍生物，特别是酚羧酸，例如对羟基苯甲酸和酯衍生物，例如甲基或乙基酯。它们也包括有机多膦酸螯合剂，例如亚乙基二膦酸、氨基聚亚甲基膦酸(aminoploymethylenephosphonic acid)、吡啶羧酸尤其是吡啶二羧酸、及其混合物。此外可以使用无机稳定剂，例如胶体锡。它们也包括无机酸，例如硫酸或硝酸。这些附加产品的量通常是0.02-20wt％，在许多情况下是0.1-10wt％。
上文对本发明进行了一般性的描述，下面将仅用实施例来说明具体实施方案。
实施例1
切割50吨多年生黑麦草，并在切割期间用喷涂法处理。该液体组合物由17％w/w过氧化氢和15％w/w苯甲酸钠组成。在每吨新鲜草上施用3升该液体组合物。用未经处理的草的对照组作比较。将50吨草料贮藏到农场条件下的覆盖夹具(coveredclamp)中达12周的时间。在贮藏期间定期从该夹具的中心取三份样品，进行宽范围的化学和微生物学分析。该所选择的分析示于表1。表1中的分析6-9表明，与对照组相比，用氧化氢制剂处理后草的发酵作用减少，具有较高水平的未发酵的剩余糖和较低发酵水平的发酵产物。
表1
| 12周后分析贮藏的草 | 过氧化氢/苯甲酸钠制剂 | 对照组 |
| 1.干物质(％w/w) | 45.3 | 42.4 |
| 2.粗蛋白(％)* | 12.0 | 12.2 |
| 3.灰分(％)* | 8.2 | 8.0 |
| 4.pH | 4.5 | 4.2 |
| 5.氨-氮(％)* | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 6.剩余糖(％)* | 12.4 | 7.8 |
| 7.乙醇(％)* | 0.3 | 0.5 |
| 8.乙酸(％)* | ＜0.1 | 1.7 |
| 9.全部挥发性脂肪酸 | ＜0.1 | 1.7 |
*百分比是以干物质为基的
实施例2
如实施例1，但所施加于草的液体组合物由过乙酸制剂组成，所述制剂含有1.1％w/w的过乙酸、0.5％的过氧化氢并且乙酸与过乙酸的摩尔比为1∶0.07。贮藏8周后的结果如表2所示。表2的分析6-10表明与对照组相比，用过乙酸制剂处理后草的发酵作用减少，具有较高水平的未发酵的剩余糖和较低水平的发酵产物。
表2
| 8周后分析贮藏的草 | 过乙酸制剂 | 对照组 |
| 1.干物质(％w/w) | 23.1 | 20.5 |
| 2.粗蛋白(％)* | 13.4 | 14.7 |
| 3.灰分(％)* | 2.0 | 7.7 |
| 4.pH | 4.0 | 4.3 |
| 5.氨-氮(％)* | 1.2 | 1.0 |
| 6.剩余糖(％)* | 3.6 | 1.9 |
| 7.乙醇(％)* | 0.4 | 1.2 |
| 8.乙酸(％)* | 4.4 | 4.7 |
| 9.内酸(％)* | 0.1 | 0.2 |
| 10.全部挥发性脂肪酸(％)* | 4.5 | 4.8 |
*百分比是以干物质为基的
实施例3
对2000年秋天第一次收割的季节型草，用进一步的农场试验来比较作为替代方案的处理法和过氧化氢(35％w/w)/苯甲酸钠(10％w/w)制剂处理法。贮藏4-5个月后的结果如表3所示，其列出了农场中草的类似干物质含量和组成。用过氧化氢/苯甲酸钠制剂处理的草含有更高水平的剩余糖和较低水平的挥发性脂肪酸，证明其只发生了较低水平的厌氧和有害发酵作用。
表3
| 分析贮藏的草 | 过氧化氢/苯甲酸钠制剂 | 作为替代方案的化学处理 |
| 干物质(％w/w) | 35.5 | 33 |
| 粗蛋白(％)* | 11 | 11.3 |
| pH | 4 | 4.3 |
| 剩余糖(％)* | 6.5 | 1.8 |
| 乳酸(％)* | 7.5 | 4 |
| 挥发性脂肪酸(％)* | 2.8 | 3.5 |
*百分比是以干物质为基的
实施例4
还评价了实施例1和2所示处理法的有氧稳定性，即在打开该夹具以将草料用作饲养从而使得空气进入该夹具中的条件下。在这种情况下，比较实施例1和2中未经处理的草料，和用典型的酸产品甲酸(85％w/w)按每吨草2.5升的量处理的草料。将750g草料贮藏于隔离箱中，所述隔离箱置于20-22℃的可控环境下。把温度探测器插入到与数据记录器相连的每个箱子中，检测在超过6天的时间里每小时的温度变化。温度的增加是由于需氧微生物的活性，因此是作为所用处理法的函数的草料有氧稳定性的指标。结果如表4所示。该数据表明，与未经处理的对照组和典型酸产品组相比，过氧化氢和过乙酸制剂改善了有氧稳定性。
表4
| 饲料处理 | 温度(℃) | 温度(℃) | 温度升高(℃) |
| 第0天 | 第6天 | ||
| 未处理的对照组 | 18.6 | 19.5 | +0.9 |
| 如实施例1的过氧化氢/苯甲酸钠制剂 | 18.0 | 18.0 | 0.0 |
| 如实施例2的过乙酸制剂 | 18.2 | 18.7 | +0.5 |
| 甲酸 | 17.8 | 20.5 | +2.7 |
实施例5
切割5吨的多年生黑麦草并在切割期间用喷涂法处理4个处理组中的每一个和对照组。处理组1、3和4施用的液体组合物量为每吨新鲜草3升，而处理组2施用的液体组合物量为每吨新鲜草2升。用未处理草的对照组作比较。将该4×5吨草料贮藏于农场条件下的覆盖夹具中达12周的时间。在贮藏期间定期从该夹具的中心取样，进行化学和微生物学分析。所选择的分析如表5所示。
处理组1由19.5％w/w过氧化氢和15％w/w苯甲酸钠组成。
处理组2由30％w/w过氧化氢和22.5％w/w苯甲酸钠组成。
处理组3由15％w/w苯甲酸钠组成。
处理组4由19.5％过氧化氢组成。
表5
| 处理 | |||||
| 12周后分析贮藏的草 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 对照组 |
| 1.干物质(％w/w) | 44.8 | 46.3 | 44.9 | 48 | 43.3 |
| 2.粗蛋白(％)* | 12 | 13 | 13.6 | 11.5 | 12.9 |
| 3.灰分(％)* | 8.5 | 8.3 | 8.2 | 8.2 | 9.6 |
| 4.pH | 4.3 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.5 |
| 5.氨-氮(％)* | 1.8 | 3.1 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
| 6.糖(％)* | 8.6 | 10.2 | 7.3 | 8.9 | 5.1 |
| 7.夹具中饲料的温度(℃) | 19.5 | 16.3 | 20 | 24.7 | 26 |
*百分比是以干物质为基的
如上述实施例所示，对糖含量(6)的分析表明，用包含过氧化氢和苯甲酸钠(处理组1和2)的组合物处理(处理组1和2)，与对照组或者与只含有苯甲酸盐的组合物的组(处理组3)相比减少了草的发酵作用，具有较高水平的未发酵剩余糖。联合处理(处理组1和2)对于发酵活性的好处也通过在取样过程中在夹具中心所测得的温度(7)清楚地显示出来。与对照组或只使用一种添加剂的组(处理组3和4)相比，处理组1和2的温度更低。
Claims (10)
1.所收获植物材料的消毒和/或防腐方法，通过使所收获的植物材料与含有至少一种过氧化合物和至少一种防腐剂的液体组合物接触。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其中所收获的植物材料是选自所收获的草、谷类、玉米、小麦、豆类及其混合物的动物饲料。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其中过氧化合物选自过氧化氢、有机过酸、酯过酸、过酸盐、金属过氧化物或其混合物。
4.根据权利要求1到3中任一项的方法，其中防腐剂是有机酸或其盐，例如乙酸、辛酸、苯甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸、山梨酸、抗坏血酸、柠檬酸、乳酸、苹果酸、丙酸、琥珀酸、酸式酯和它们的盐，或其混合物。
5.根据权利要求3和4的方法，其中液体组合物包含5-60wt％过氧化合物和5-25wt％防腐剂。
6.根据权利要求5的方法，其中过氧化合物是过氧化氢，防腐剂是苯甲酸钠。
7.根据权利要求3的方法，其中液体组合物是包含0.5-40wt％过乙酸、0.1-30wt％过氧化氢和1-60wt％乙酸的水溶液。
8.根据权利要求1到7中任一项的方法，其中液体组合物的使用量是每吨植物材料0.5-10升。
9.根据权利要求8的方法，其中液体组合物的使用量是每吨植物材料1-3升。
10.根据权利要求1到9中任一项的方法，其中液体组合物的pH是1-7。
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| EP03258227A EP1550376A1 (en) | 2003-12-29 | 2003-12-29 | Process for the disinfection and/or preservation of harvested plant material |
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| WO2007014575A1 (de) * | 2005-08-02 | 2007-02-08 | Thomas Besendorfer | Zusammensetzung mit bakterizider, fungizider, virozider und insektizider wirkung |
| US20100206183A1 (en) * | 2009-02-19 | 2010-08-19 | Rong Yan Murphy | Inline antimicrobial additive treatment method and apparatus |
| ES2897548T3 (es) | 2010-09-14 | 2022-03-01 | Save Foods Ltd | Métodos de tratamiento de materia comestible y sustratos de la misma |
| US8759051B2 (en) | 2010-12-20 | 2014-06-24 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Control of contaminant microorganisms in fermentation processes with peroxygen-releasing compounds |
| KR101300114B1 (ko) * | 2012-06-13 | 2013-08-30 | 대진대학교 산학협력단 | 친환경 고농도 액상 살균 소독제 및 그 제조방법 |
| MX356276B (es) | 2013-05-23 | 2018-05-21 | Nature Seal Inc | Lavado antimicrobiano. |
| JP7174262B2 (ja) * | 2017-10-06 | 2022-11-17 | セントラル硝子株式会社 | 自動車用合せガラス、及びその製造方法 |
| US11260040B2 (en) | 2018-06-15 | 2022-03-01 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | On site generated performic acid compositions for teat treatment |
| CN109880855B (zh) * | 2019-04-24 | 2022-06-17 | 河北工业大学 | 一种提高秸秆厌氧发酵产沼气量的青贮方法 |
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| GB309139A (en) | 1928-04-05 | 1929-12-19 | Int Oxygenium Mij Novadel Nv | Improvements in and relating to the treatment of flour, meal, milling products and the like |
| DE648908C (de) * | 1934-02-18 | 1937-08-11 | Max Hoffmann | Verfahren zum Konservieren von Gruenfutter |
| US3531294A (en) * | 1968-01-30 | 1970-09-29 | Charles A Glabau | Preparation of a baking agent for use in yeast-leavened products |
| US3792177A (en) * | 1968-02-07 | 1974-02-12 | Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd | Phosphate-hydrogen peroxide adduct as a food preservative |
| DE2040841A1 (de) * | 1969-08-20 | 1971-03-11 | Tadeda Chemical Ind Ltd | Verfahren zur Hemmung von Mikrobenwachstum |
| SU686717A1 (ru) | 1977-09-19 | 1979-09-25 | Всесоюзный Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Научно-Исследовательский И Технологический Институт Птицеводства | Способ силосовани кормов |
| FR2496411A1 (fr) * | 1980-12-22 | 1982-06-25 | Interox | Fourrages ensiles |
| FI80191C (fi) * | 1988-03-30 | 1990-05-10 | Valio Meijerien | Foerfarande och konserveringsmedel foer ensilering av foder. |
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| GB9219465D0 (en) * | 1992-09-15 | 1992-10-28 | Solvay Interox Ltd | Microbicidal compositions and methods |
| GB9227020D0 (en) * | 1992-12-24 | 1993-02-17 | Solvay Interox Ltd | Microbicidual compositions |
| GB9412051D0 (en) | 1994-06-16 | 1994-08-03 | Solvay Interox Ltd | Novel peroxygen compounds |
| US5641530A (en) * | 1995-11-27 | 1997-06-24 | Eka Nobel Inc. | Method of disinfection |
| GB9626637D0 (en) | 1996-12-21 | 1997-02-12 | Solvay Interox Ltd | Percarboxyilic acid solutions |
| TW480153B (en) * | 1997-11-20 | 2002-03-21 | Sumitomo Chemical Co | Method to control animal ecto-parasites |
| CA2322301A1 (en) * | 1998-03-02 | 1999-09-10 | Kumar S. Venkitanarayanan | Reduction of bacterial pathogens on fresh food items |
| EP0967203A1 (en) | 1998-06-22 | 1999-12-29 | SOLVAY (Société Anonyme) | Process for the production of an aqueous monoester peroxycarboxylic acid solution, the solution obtainable by this process, and its use as disinfectant |
| US6337068B1 (en) * | 1998-06-26 | 2002-01-08 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Lactorbacillus buchneri compositions for improving aerobic stability of silage |
| EP0981951A1 (en) * | 1998-08-26 | 2000-03-01 | SOLVAY & Cie (Société Anonyme) | Process for hydroponic cultivation of plants |
| CA2407098C (en) * | 2000-04-28 | 2009-12-29 | Ecolab Inc. | Antimicrobial composition |
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| US20050048176A1 (en) * | 2003-08-28 | 2005-03-03 | Mcneff Larry C. | Method and system for extending the shelf life of feed |
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