CN1893220A - Regeneratable energy source and fuel-cell coupling power-generating apparatus - Google Patents
Regeneratable energy source and fuel-cell coupling power-generating apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN1893220A CN1893220A CNA2005100274411A CN200510027441A CN1893220A CN 1893220 A CN1893220 A CN 1893220A CN A2005100274411 A CNA2005100274411 A CN A2005100274411A CN 200510027441 A CN200510027441 A CN 200510027441A CN 1893220 A CN1893220 A CN 1893220A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The generating set of reproducible energy sources coupled to fuel cell includes power generation system of reproducible energy sources, hydrogen-making system from electrolyzed water, and power generation system of fuel cell. Through hydrogen-making system from electrolyzed water, electric power from power generation system of reproducible energy sources prepares hydrogen. The hydrogen is as fuel provided for power generation system of fuel cell. Comparing with current technique, the invention takes full advantage of energy sources and saves energy sources as well as releases state of electricity shortage in peak time of using electricity. The generating set possesses development prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a power generation device, in particular to a power generation device coupling renewable energy sources and a fuel cell.
Background
An electrochemical fuel cell is a device capable of converting hydrogen and an oxidant into electrical energy and reaction products. The inner core component of the device is a Membrane Electrode (MEA), which is composed of a proton exchange Membrane and two porous conductive materials sandwiched between two surfaces of the Membrane, such as carbon paper. The membrane contains a uniform and finely dispersed catalyst, such as a platinum metal catalyst, for initiating an electrochemical reaction at the interface between the membrane and the carbon paper. The electrons generated in the electrochemical reaction process can be led out by conductive objects at two sides of the membrane electrode through an external circuit to form a current loop.
At the anode end of the membrane electrode, fuel can permeate through a porous diffusion material (carbon paper) and undergo electrochemical reaction on the surface of a catalyst to lose electrons to form positive ions, and the positive ions can pass through a proton exchange membrane through migration to reach the cathode end at the other end of the membrane electrode. At the cathode end of the membrane electrode, a gas containing an oxidant (e.g., oxygen), such as air, forms negative ions by permeating through a porous diffusion material (carbon paper) and electrochemically reacting on the surface of the catalyst to give electrons. The anions formed at the cathode end react with the positive ions transferred from the anode end to form reaction products.
In a pem fuel cell using hydrogen as the fuel and oxygen-containing air as the oxidant (or pure oxygen as the oxidant), the catalytic electrochemical reaction of the fuel hydrogen in the anode region produces hydrogen cations (or protons). The proton exchange membrane assists the migration of positive hydrogen ions from the anode region to the cathode region. In addition, the proton exchange membrane separates the hydrogen-containing fuel gas stream from the oxygen-containing gas stream so that they do not mix with each other to cause explosive reactions.
In the cathode region, oxygen gains electrons on the catalyst surface, forming negative ions, which react with the hydrogen positive ions transported from the anode region to produce water as a reaction product. In a proton exchange membrane fuel cell using hydrogen, air (oxygen), the anode reaction and the cathode reaction can be expressed by the following equations:
and (3) anode reaction:
and (3) cathode reaction:
in a typical pem fuel cell, a Membrane Electrode (MEA) is generally placed between two conductive plates, and the surface of each guide plate in contact with the MEA is die-cast, stamped, or mechanically milled to form at least one or more channels. The flow guide polar plates can be polar plates made of metal materials or polar plates made of graphite materials. The diversion pore canals and the diversion grooves on the diversion polar plates respectively lead the fuel and the oxidant into the anode area and the cathode area on two sides of the membrane electrode. In the structure of asingle proton exchange membrane fuel cell, only one membrane electrode is present, and a guide plate of anode fuel and a guide plate of cathode oxidant are respectively arranged on two sides of the membrane electrode. The guide plates are used as current collector plates and mechanical supports at two sides of the membrane electrode, and the guide grooves on the guide plates are also used as channels for fuel and oxidant to enter the surfaces of the anode and the cathode and as channels for taking away water generated in the operation process of the fuel cell.
In order to increase the total power of the whole proton exchange membrane fuel cell, two or more single cells can be connected in series to form a battery pack in a straight-stacked manner or connected in a flat-laid manner to form a battery pack. In the direct-stacking and serial-type battery pack, two surfaces of one polar plate can be provided with flow guide grooves, wherein one surface can be used as an anode flow guide surface of one membrane electrode, and the other surface can be used as a cathode flow guide surface of another adjacent membrane electrode, and the polar plate is called a bipolar plate. A series of cells are connected together in a manner to form a battery pack. The battery pack is generally fastened together into one body by a front end plate, a rear end plate and a tie rod.
A typical battery pack generally includes: (1) the fuel (such as hydrogen, methanol or hydrogen-rich gas obtained by reforming methanol, natural gas and gasoline) and the oxidant (mainly oxygen or air) are uniformly distributed in the diversion trenches of the anode surface and the cathode surface; (2) the inlet and outlet of cooling fluid (such as water) and the flow guide channel uniformly distribute the cooling fluid into the cooling channels in each battery pack, and the heat generated by the electrochemical exothermic reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the fuel cell is absorbed and taken out of the battery pack for heat dissipation; (3) the outlets of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas and the corresponding flow guide channels can carry out liquid and vapor water generated in the fuel cell when the fuel gas and the oxidant gas are discharged. Typically, all fuel, oxidant, and cooling fluid inlets and outlets are provided in one or both end plates of the fuel cell stack.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell can be used as a power system of vehicles such as vehicles and ships, and can also be used as a mobile or fixed power station.
At present, the main development mode of the electric power energy industry in China still is 'large unit, large power plant and large power grid', wherein the newly added electric power energy mainly depends on coal, gas and thermal power generation.
However, the power generation mode which consumes a large amount of non-renewable energy cannot continuously support the high-speed increase of national economy, and the sustainable development of economy and society in China is confronted with unprecedented severe challenges.
Distributed power supply is relative to traditional centralized power supply and refers to the arrangement of power generation systems in small scale (small modules of hundreds of watts to hundreds of kilowatts) in the vicinity of users. The distributed power supply has good environmental protection performance due to the special characteristics of the distributed power supply, and compared with a centralized power supply station, the distributed power supply has the following advantages: no or very low transmission and distribution loss; a power distribution station is not required to be built, and the increase of power transmission and distribution cost can be avoided; the power stations are mutually independent, users can control the power stations by themselves, large-scale power failure accidents cannot happen, and the power supply reliability is high.
At present, new energy mainly refers to renewable energy including solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy and the like, the renewable energy has no pollution to the environment and is inexhaustible, and the new energy becomes a main body of future energy. However, the above renewable energy sources also have significant disadvantages, such as that the wind power generation is significantly affected by the magnitude of the wind power, and the generated power cannot be changed along with the change of the electrical load of people. Sometimes, the wind is large, but the power load is small, redundant energy cannot be utilized, sometimes, the wind is small or even no wind, at the moment, the power load is large, and the provided power cannot meet the power demand of people. Solar and tidal power generation also have similar drawbacks, in that the generated power does not respond synchronously with the electrical load.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a power generation device which is coupled with renewable energy and a fuel cell, can fully utilize and save energy, and can effectively relieve the situation of power shortage at the peak time of power utilization.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: the power generation device is characterized by comprising a renewable energy power generation system, a water electrolysis hydrogen production system and a fuel cell power generation system, wherein electric power generated by the renewable energy power generation system is made into hydrogen through the water electrolysis hydrogen production system, and the hydrogen is provided for the fuel cell power generation system to serve as fuel.
The renewable energy used by the renewable energy power generation system comprises wind energy, solar energy and tidal energy.
The water electrolysis hydrogen production system comprises a water electrolysis hydrogen production station, a hydrogen compressor and a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank.
The system also comprises a direct current-direct current conversion device, and the power generated by the renewable energy power generation system supplies power to the water electrolysis hydrogen production system to produce hydrogen after passing through the direct current-direct current conversion device.
The system also comprises a direct current-direct current inverter, wherein the renewable energy power generation system and the fuel cell power generation system work simultaneously, and power is supplied to users or a power grid through the direct current-direct current inverter.
The purified water generated by the fuel cell power generation system can be returned to the water electrolysis hydrogen production system to be recycled as electrolyzed water.
The renewable energy power generation system can directly supply power to users or a power grid, and simultaneously, excess and sufficient power is prepared into hydrogen through water electrolysis for storage; the fuel cell power generation system can directly supply power to users or a power grid, and can also be combined with a renewable energy power generation system to supply power to the users or the power grid.
The system also comprises a central controller, wherein the central controller monitors the systems in a CAN communication mode and adopts one or more working modes according to the power consumption requirements of users or a power grid.
The invention adopts a practical distributed ground power station, namely a renewable energy power station of solar energy, wind energy or tidal energy and the like is coupled with a fuel cell power station to generate electricity, thereby making up the power supply deficiency caused by natural reasons of weather and the like. The renewable energy can be used for preparing hydrogen through electrolysis and using the hydrogen as an intermediate energy carrier to regulate and store converted energy, so that the energy supply to users is more flexible and convenient. When the power supply system is in the valley, the surplus electric energy can also be used for electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen, so that the purpose of storing energy is achieved. Through the mode of coupling the renewable energy power station and the fuel cell power station, peak clipping and valley filling are performed, energy is fully utilized, energy can be saved, and the situation of power shortage at the peak time of power utilization can be effectively relieved.
By coupling with a fuel cell power station, the degree of dependence of the power generation capacity of a renewable energy power station such as wind energy on natural factors such as weather can be effectively reduced. The power supply system has the advantages of high starting speed, long service life, energy conservation, zero environmental pollution and no secondary pollution.
The renewable energy power generation can be small-sized wind energy, solar energy and the like, and the defects of the renewable energy power generation such as wind energy, solar energy and the like are overcome by combining the renewable energy power generation with a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, for example: when wind power and sunlight are large and sufficient, power can be directly supplied to users and a power grid, and excessive power can be made into hydrogen through water electrolysis hydrogen production devices, and the hydrogen can be stored in ahydrogen energy mode. Generally, the water electrolysis hydrogen production technology and device are mature commercial products at home and abroad at present. When wind power and sunlight are insufficient or completely interrupted, the hydrogen refueling battery can be started to supply power to users or a power grid; or when the customer, the grid, is at peak demand, the hydrogen fueled cell may also help with peak shaving.
The working modes of the distributed power generation system mainly comprise:
1. the wind energy or solar energy and other power generation systems directly supply power to users or a power grid;
2. meanwhile, the excessive and sufficient renewable energy sources such as wind power, solar energy and the like are used for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water and storing the hydrogen;
3. when wind power or sunlight is insufficient or completely interrupted or the power consumption of a user and a power grid is in a peak, the hydrogen and the fuel cell are started to supply power to the user or the power grid, and meanwhile, purified water is generated and recycled and returns to water required by hydrogen production through water electrolysis.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the power generation device coupling renewable energy sources and fuel cells.
Detailed Description
Examples
A0.1-30 KW distributed power generation system for combined power generation of solar energy and a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is composed of the following subsystems and performs system integration operation according to the combined power generation principle shown in the figure 1:
1. the solar power generation system (A) is formed by connecting industrialized solar panels in series and in parallel, the power generation power is 0.1-30 KW, the output voltage is 300V, and the current is 0-100A;
2. the direct current-direct current conversion and direct current-alternating current inversion device (B) of the high-power solar cell (0.1-30 KW) outputs electric power to directly supply power for users and a power grid, and the input voltage and current are direct current 300V and 100A; the output voltage and current are alternating current 220V, 50HZ and 140A;
3. the direct current-direct current conversion device (C) of the high-power solar cell (0.1-30 KW) inputs voltage and current of 300V and 100A direct current, outputs power to supply power for the water electrolysis hydrogen production device, and conducts water electrolysis hydrogen production by 5V and 6000A direct current;
4. diaphragm type electrolytic water hydrogen production apparatus, for example: a mature Stuart Energy market product water electrolysis hydrogen production station (D) with the hydrogen production capacity of 10-300L/min;
5. a mature market product diaphragm pump high-pressure hydrogen compressor (E) compresses hydrogen made by electrolyzing water into a high-pressure hydrogen storage container, and the compression pressure reaches 300 atmospheric pressures;
6. the high-pressure hydrogen storage container is a commercially mature 50-100L aluminum inner container, a carbon fiber wound and epoxy resin impregnated high-pressure hydrogen storage tank (F), the working pressure is 100-300 atmospheres, and the number is 10-100;
an 7.0.1-30 KW protonexchange membrane fuel cell (G) which uses hydrogen as fuel, air as oxidant, and the rated output voltage and current are DC 300V and 100A.
The working modes of this embodiment are:
a directly supplies power to a user and a power grid through B;
directly supplying power to a user and a power grid by the A through the B; meanwhile, supplying power to produce hydrogen by using C as D;
3. the produced hydrogen is compressed by E and stored in F;
4. when the electricity consumption of the user and the power grid is in peak, the G works at the same time, and the power is supplied by the B combination;
5. and G supplies power to users and a power grid through B alone.
The whole system in the embodiment is provided with a central controller, each subsystem is monitored and controlled in a CAN communication mode, and one or more modes of 1-5 are adopted according to the actual conditions of power consumption requirements of a power grid and users.
Claims (8)
1. The power generation device is characterized by comprising a renewable energy power generation system, a water electrolysis hydrogen production system and a fuel cell power generation system, wherein electric power generated by the renewable energy power generation system is made into hydrogen through the water electrolysis hydrogen production system, and the hydrogen is provided for the fuel cell power generation system to serve as fuel.
2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the renewable energy source comprises wind energy, solar energy, and tidal energy.
3. The power generation device coupled by renewable energy and fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the system for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water comprises a hydrogen producing station by electrolyzing water, a hydrogen press and a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank.
4. The device for generating electricity by coupling renewable energy with a fuel cell according to claim 1, further comprising a dc-dc converter, wherein the power generated by the renewable energy power generation system is supplied to the water electrolysis hydrogen production system to produce hydrogen after passing through the dc-dc converter.
5. The device of claim 1, further comprising a dc-dc inverter device, wherein the renewable energy power generation system and the fuel cell power generation system operate simultaneously, and the dc-dc inverter device supplies power to a user or a power grid.
6. The power generation device by coupling renewable energy sources with a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the purified water generated by the fuel cell power generation system can be returned to the water electrolysis hydrogen production system for recycling as electrolyzed water.
7. The device according to claim 1, wherein the renewable energy power generation system is capable of supplying power directly to a consumer or a power grid while generating excess and sufficient power to produce a hydrogen reserve by electrolyzing water; the fuel cell power generation system can directly supply power to users or a power grid, and can also be combined with a renewable energy power generation system to supply power to the users or the power grid.
8. The device of claim 1 or 7, further comprising a central controller, wherein the central controller monitors the systems by CAN communication and adopts one or more operation modes according to the power demand of the user or the power grid.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNA2005100274411A CN1893220A (en) | 2005-07-01 | 2005-07-01 | Regeneratable energy source and fuel-cell coupling power-generating apparatus |
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| CNA2005100274411A CN1893220A (en) | 2005-07-01 | 2005-07-01 | Regeneratable energy source and fuel-cell coupling power-generating apparatus |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102185328A (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2011-09-14 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Novel large-scale power energy storage device |
| CN102686707A (en) * | 2009-08-20 | 2012-09-19 | 安特西有限公司 | Artificial photosynthesis |
| CN103422112A (en) * | 2013-06-21 | 2013-12-04 | 高幼苏 | Method and system for preparing hydrogen and carrying out combined water supply and power supply |
| CN107785923A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2018-03-09 | 上海太阳能科技有限公司 | The two-way peak regulation system of new energy enriching area pneumoelectric |
| CN108418202A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-08-17 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of cycle generating system based on regenerative resource |
| CN108460713A (en) * | 2018-06-02 | 2018-08-28 | 南通安思卓新能源有限公司 | A kind of Hydrogen Energy small town community structure |
| CN109473704A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2019-03-15 | 徐煜 | Fuel cell system |
| CN110350583A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-10-18 | 首钢京唐钢铁联合有限责任公司 | Hydrogen energy preparing and utilizing system |
| CN112820896A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-18 | 山东大学 | Thermoelectric coupling energy-saving and energy-storing system and method based on hydrogen fuel cell |
| CN116505042A (en) * | 2023-06-30 | 2023-07-28 | 中石油深圳新能源研究院有限公司 | Hydrogen production device and fuel cell coupled hydrogen production power generation system |
-
2005
- 2005-07-01 CN CNA2005100274411A patent/CN1893220A/en active Pending
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102686707A (en) * | 2009-08-20 | 2012-09-19 | 安特西有限公司 | Artificial photosynthesis |
| CN102185328A (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2011-09-14 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Novel large-scale power energy storage device |
| CN103422112A (en) * | 2013-06-21 | 2013-12-04 | 高幼苏 | Method and system for preparing hydrogen and carrying out combined water supply and power supply |
| CN103422112B (en) * | 2013-06-21 | 2016-12-28 | 高幼苏 | A kind of method and system prepared hydrogen and carry out combined type water and electricity supply |
| CN107785923A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2018-03-09 | 上海太阳能科技有限公司 | The two-way peak regulation system of new energy enriching area pneumoelectric |
| CN109473704A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2019-03-15 | 徐煜 | Fuel cell system |
| CN108418202A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-08-17 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of cycle generating system based on regenerative resource |
| CN108460713A (en) * | 2018-06-02 | 2018-08-28 | 南通安思卓新能源有限公司 | A kind of Hydrogen Energy small town community structure |
| CN110350583A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-10-18 | 首钢京唐钢铁联合有限责任公司 | Hydrogen energy preparing and utilizing system |
| CN112820896A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-18 | 山东大学 | Thermoelectric coupling energy-saving and energy-storing system and method based on hydrogen fuel cell |
| CN116505042A (en) * | 2023-06-30 | 2023-07-28 | 中石油深圳新能源研究院有限公司 | Hydrogen production device and fuel cell coupled hydrogen production power generation system |
| CN116505042B (en) * | 2023-06-30 | 2024-01-26 | 中石油深圳新能源研究院有限公司 | Hydrogen production device and fuel cell coupled hydrogen production power generation system |
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