CN103779595A - Proton exchange fuel cell - Google Patents
Proton exchange fuel cell Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103779595A CN103779595A CN201410017142.9A CN201410017142A CN103779595A CN 103779595 A CN103779595 A CN 103779595A CN 201410017142 A CN201410017142 A CN 201410017142A CN 103779595 A CN103779595 A CN 103779595A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- proton exchange
- exchange membrane
- fuel cell
- hydrogen
- plate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1007—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a proton exchange fuel cell. The proton exchange fuel cell comprises one or more monomer cells and is characterized in that each monomer cell comprises a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate; the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are separated by a proton exchange membrane; a hydrogen channel is formed between the positive electrode plate and the proton exchange membrane; an oxygen channel is formed between the negative electrode plate and the proton exchange membrane; a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet are formed in the positive electrode plate; an oxygen inlet and an oxygen outlet are formed in the negative electrode plate; first electro-catalyst layers are arranged on the inner surface of the positive electrode plate and one lateral surface of the positive electrode plate of the proton exchange membrane; second electro-catalyst layers are arranged the inner surface of the negative electrode plate and one lateral surface of the negative electrode plate of the proton exchange membrane; the positive electrode plates of the monomer cells are connected in parallel with a negative electrode of the cell through a lead wire; and the negative electrode plates of the monomer cells are connected in parallel with a positive electrode of the cell. The proton exchange fuel cell is high in energy conversation rate, quick to start, reliable to operate, pollution-free and low in noise.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of proton exchange fuel cell.
Background technology
Proton exchange fuel cell is through electrochemical reaction, the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxidant reaction generation is converted to the Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) of electric energy.Its operating characteristic, take hydrogen as fuel, air is oxidant, is had an effect by polymer dielectric and electrode catalyst, wherein catalyst is to impel hydrogen molecule to be separated into proton and electronics, proton is by electrolyte and oxygen combination producing water, and electron stream produces electric current to negative electrode, outwards exports electric energy.
Since human society is grasped and utilized primary energy switch technology, modern industrial society's overwhelming majority power conversion realizes by heat engine.Burning produces heat, then heat is changed to kinetic energy, mechanical energy.According to the second law of thermodynamics, be kinetic energy, mechanical conversion of energy a large amount of thermal loss that invariably accompanies from thermal power transfer.Follow the heat engine of Carnot Engine periodic duty for one, its actual efficiency reflecting is conventionally in 50% left and right.If by heat transfer losses, motion process loss, its total energy loss is even higher.Conventionally, the energy conversion efficiency of heat engine is only 45%, has energy over half loss in transfer process, produces harmful substance and the environmental noises such as a large amount of harmful dusts, carbonoxide, sulfide simultaneously in the transfer process of heat energy.Cause thus the environmental pollution of atmosphere, water quality and soil, grievous injury mankind's biological environments of depending on for existence.
Since petroleum times is initial, modern industry is produced and human survival more and more relies on petroleum resources, but earth petroleum reserves is limited, facing mankind petroleum resources exhaustion after the several years.Therefore, the mankind must find a kind of novel energy and carry out petroleum replacing resource.
Hydrogen is the widest gas of distributing on the earth, and earth hydrogen resource is very abundant, seldom exists with free state at nature hydrogen, mainly exists as forms such as water, methane, ammonia, hydro carbons with compound.So hydrogen utilization will be extracted from natural resources, water is tellurian Main Resources, and earth's surface is more than 70% awash.
In hydrogen molecule, there is no carbon atom, so can not discharge carbon dioxide while burning, hydrogen resource is a kind of new green power on the earth.
Hydrogen is different from oil and produces kinetic energy by fuel, and hydrogen is directly changed into electric energy through electrochemical reaction, replaces traditional combustion reaction with electrochemical oxidation reactions, hydrogen not emission of carbon, there is no environmental pollution; Hydrogen is different from oil, and hydrogen can be regenerated.Hydrogen produces electric energy, heat energy by chemical reaction, and generates water, and water can change into hydrogen and oxygen through cell reaction again.
The mankind are after coal, oil, natural gas, and following Hydrogen Energy develops as the mankind inevitable, and using hydrogen resource is Future Development trend as mankind's vehicle fuel.
Proton exchange fuel cell operation principle is as shown in Figure 1:
One, hydrogen H
2enter anode, enter whole flow field through runner guide effect, arrive anode surface;
Two,, under anode catalyst effect, a hydrogen molecule is dissociated into two hydrogen ions (proton), discharges two electronics; Anode reaction process: H
2→ 2H
++ 2e;
Three, at the opposite side of battery pole plates, oxygen or air enter cathode plane, and hydrogen ion arrives negative electrode through electrolyte this moment, and electronics arrives negative electrode by external circuit;
Four, under the effect of cathod catalyst, oxygen and hydrogen ion and the electronics generation water that reacts; Cathode reaction is: 1/2O
2+ 2H
++ 2e → H
2o;
Above-mentioned total electrochemical reaction process is: H
2+ 1/2O
2=H
2o, meanwhile, electronics forms electric current under the connection of external circuit, to load output electric energy, completes the overall process that is directly changed into electric energy by hydrogen, oxygen chemical energy through electrochemical reaction.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of proton exchange fuel cell is provided, energy conversion rate is high, start quick, reliable, pollution-free, low noise.
According to technical scheme provided by the invention, described proton exchange fuel cell, comprises one or more cells; It is characterized in that: described cell comprises positive plate and minus plate, between positive plate and minus plate, separated by proton exchange membrane, between positive plate and proton exchange membrane, form hydrogen passage, between minus plate and proton exchange membrane, form oxygen channel; Hydrogen inlet and hydrogen outlet are set on described positive plate, oxygen inlet and oxygen outlet are set on minus plate; At the inner surface of described positive plate and the positive plate of proton exchange membrane one side surface, the first electrocatalyst layers is set, at the inner surface of minus plate and the minus plate of proton exchange membrane one side surface, the second electrocatalyst layers is set; The positive plate of described each cell is connected in parallel in the negative pole of battery by wire, minus plate is connected in parallel in the positive pole of battery by wire.
Described positive plate and minus plate form some trapezoidal runners that are arranged in parallel.
Described positive plate and minus plate adopt carbon cloth and polytetrafluoroethylene is compound makes.
Described proton exchange membrane is perfluorinated sulfonic acid type proton exchange membrane.
The thickness of described proton exchange membrane is 25～30 microns, and average pore size is 0.3 micron.
The catalyst that described the first electrocatalyst layers and the second electrocatalyst layers adopt is platinum alloy carbon-supported catalysts, and platinum carrying capacity is 0.05～0.1 mg/cm
2.
Proton exchange fuel cell of the present invention can start rapidly operation under normal temperature condition, though ambient temperature reach 80 ℃ it also can normally work.The suitable frequent starting occasion of proton exchange fuel cell, start quick, operate steadily, noiseless, pollution-free, runnability is reliable.It both can be used for small-sized stationary electric power plant, also can be used as the power source of Mobile power plant and transportation and communication.Being applicable to occasion stand alone type heat, the Electricity Federations such as residential building, office buildings, government utility electricity consumption and residential quarter uses.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is proton exchange fuel cell operation principle schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of proton exchange fuel cell of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of described cell.
Fig. 4 is the generalized section of described cell.
Fig. 5 is the cross-sectional view of described cell.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with concrete accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
As shown in Fig. 2～Fig. 5: as described in proton exchange fuel cell comprise positive plate 1, minus plate 2, proton exchange membrane 3, hydrogen inlet 4, hydrogen outlet 5, oxygen inlet 6, oxygen outlet 7, the first electrocatalyst layers 8, the second electrocatalyst layers 9, runner 10, wire 11 etc.
As shown in Figure 2, the present invention includes one or more cells; As shown in Fig. 3～Fig. 5, described cell comprises positive plate 1 and minus plate 2, between positive plate 1 and minus plate 2, separated by proton exchange membrane 3, between positive plate 1 and proton exchange membrane 3, form hydrogen passage, between minus plate 2 and proton exchange membrane 3, form oxygen channel; Hydrogen inlet 4 and hydrogen outlet 5 are set on described positive plate 1, oxygen inlet 6 and oxygen outlet 7 are set on minus plate 2; At the inner surface of described positive plate 1 and positive plate 1 one side surfaces of proton exchange membrane 3, the first electrocatalyst layers 8 is set, at the inner surface of minus plate 2 and minus plate 2 one side surfaces of proton exchange membrane 3, the second electrocatalyst layers 9 is set; The positive plate 1 of described each cell is connected in parallel in the negative pole of battery by wire 11, minus plate 2 is connected in parallel in the positive pole of battery by wire 11;
Described positive plate 1 and minus plate 2 form some trapezoidal runners 10 that are arranged in parallel;
Described positive plate 1 and minus plate 2 adopt carbon cloth and polytetrafluoroethylene is compound makes;
Described proton exchange membrane 3 is perfluorinated sulfonic acid type proton exchange membrane, has higher H
+conducting power, conductivity can reach 0.1 s/cm the order of magnitude, possess good chemistry and electrochemical stability, lower hydrogen, the infiltration coefficient of carrier of oxygen, to guarantee that fuel cell has good faradic efficiency (being hydrogen, oxygen electrochemical reaction utilance); The thickness of described proton exchange membrane 3 is 25～30 microns, and average pore size is 0.3 micron; Described proton exchange membrane 3, except possessing proton exchange function, also plays the effect that intercepts fuel hydrogen and oxidant simultaneously; Proton exchange membrane 3 has good ionic conducting property, thereby the effect that reduces the internal resistance of cell, improves current density possesses stable chemical property and good mechanical strength and structural strength simultaneously;
The catalyst that described the first electrocatalyst layers 8 and the second electrocatalyst layers 9 adopt is platinum alloy carbon-supported catalysts, and wherein, platinum carrying capacity is 0.05～0.1 mg/cm
2; The effect of described the first electrocatalyst layers 8 and the second electrocatalyst layers 9 is that electrical reactions amount occurs for raising positive plate 1 and minus plate 2.
The operation principle of proton exchange fuel cell of the present invention: hydrogen and oxygen enter hydrogen passage and oxygen channel by the hydrogen inlet 5 on cell and oxygen inlet 6 separately, forms hydrogen, carrier of oxygen diffusion layer; In positive plate 1 one sides of proton exchange membrane 3, hydrogen, under the effect of the first catalyst layer 8, is dissociated into hydrogen ion (proton) and electronegative electronics, and hydrogen ion is with proton hydrate H
+(x H
2o) form, in proton exchange membrane 3 from a sulfonic group (SO
3h) transfer to another sulfonic group, finally arrive minus plate 2, realized proton conductive.This transfer process of proton causes positive plate 1 to occur that electronegative electronics gathers, thereby becomes an electronegative negative pole.This moment, the oxygen molecule of minus plate 2 and the second catalyst layer 9 excite generation electronics to react, and become oxonium ion, make minus plate 2 become the positive pole of positively charged.This process produces a voltage between the electronegative terminal of positive plate 2 and minus plate 1 positively charged terminal.Connect by external circuit the two poles of the earth, electronics will flow to negative electrode from anode by loop, produces thus electric energy.The water that hydrogen ion and oxonium ion generate after reacting simultaneously, collects eliminating by minus plate 2 lower ends, makes whole system hydrogen, oxygen electrochemical reaction process reach the balance of material and the quantity of electric charge, externally exports electric energy.
Proton exchange fuel cell of the present invention can start rapidly operation under normal temperature condition, though ambient temperature reach 80 ℃ it also can normally work.The suitable frequent starting occasion of proton exchange fuel cell, start quick, operate steadily, noiseless, pollution-free, runnability is reliable.It both can be used for small-sized stationary electric power plant, also can be used as the power source of Mobile power plant and transportation and communication.Being applicable to occasion stand alone type heat, the Electricity Federations such as residential building, office buildings, government utility electricity consumption and residential quarter uses.
The prime advantage of proton exchange fuel cell, is suitable for public transport, automobile power replacing fuel oil engine, and therefore, its potential application is very extensive.
For example, a commercial car is as adopted proton exchange fuel cell, and its a complete set of system is made up of hydrogen storage tank, drive motors, inverter, field vector controller etc.Can reach 1600/min by fuel cell-driven motor speed, breakdown torque is at 200Nh.High Level DC Voltage that inverter conversion is exported proton fuel cell, change direct current 12V, 24V into, setting battery charging simultaneously on car, when vehicle does not travel, fuel cell also can generator operation.The complete unit of fuel cell is located at approximately 200 kilograms of left and right of car front position, weight.
Small-sized distributing power station is to be mainly electricity consumption needs under particular case.At present, this class power station of great majority adopts two class technology generatings: the one, and conventional art, as diesel generating set, another kind of is advanced technology, as photovoltaic generation, wind power generation, the energy storage technology of batteries and other types etc.And adopt proton exchange fuel cell to be more suitable for the distributing power station of power in 200KW～2MW scope.
Claims (6)
1. a proton exchange fuel cell, comprises one or more cells; It is characterized in that: described cell comprises positive plate (1) and minus plate (2), between positive plate (1) and minus plate (2), separated by proton exchange membrane (3), between positive plate (1) and proton exchange membrane (3), form hydrogen passage, between minus plate (2) and proton exchange membrane (3), form oxygen channel; Hydrogen inlet (4) and hydrogen outlet (5) are set on described positive plate (1), oxygen inlet (6) and oxygen outlet (7) are set on minus plate (2); At the inner surface of described positive plate (1) and positive plate (1) one side surface of proton exchange membrane (3), the first electrocatalyst layers (8) is set, at the inner surface of minus plate (2) and minus plate (2) one side surfaces of proton exchange membrane (3), the second electrocatalyst layers (9) is set; The positive plate (1) of described each cell is connected in parallel in the negative pole of battery by wire (11), minus plate (2) is connected in parallel in the positive pole of battery by wire (11).
2. proton exchange fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described positive plate (1) and minus plate (2) form some trapezoidal runners (10) that are arranged in parallel.
3. proton exchange fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described positive plate (1) and minus plate (2) adopt carbon cloth and polytetrafluoroethylene is compound makes.
4. proton exchange fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described proton exchange membrane (3) is perfluorinated sulfonic acid type proton exchange membrane.
5. proton exchange fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the thickness of described proton exchange membrane (3) is 25～30 microns, and average pore size is 0.3 micron.
6. proton exchange fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the catalyst that described the first electrocatalyst layers (8) and the second electrocatalyst layers (9) adopt is platinum alloy carbon-supported catalysts, and platinum carrying capacity is 0.05～0.1 mg/cm
2.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410017142.9A CN103779595A (en) | 2014-01-15 | 2014-01-15 | Proton exchange fuel cell |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410017142.9A CN103779595A (en) | 2014-01-15 | 2014-01-15 | Proton exchange fuel cell |
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| CN103779595A true CN103779595A (en) | 2014-05-07 |
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|---|---|---|---|
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106935883A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2017-07-07 | 上海恒劲动力科技有限公司 | Fuel cell system |
| CN107634240A (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2018-01-26 | 苏州中氢能源科技有限公司 | A kind of small fuel cell metal double polar plates |
| CN107749485A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-03-02 | 黑冻科技有限公司 | For driving the hydrogen fuel cell monomer structure of new energy sky iron |
| CN110061260A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-07-26 | 苏州东风精冲工程有限公司 | A kind of proton exchange fuel cell |
| CN114293985A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-04-08 | 四川省地质矿产勘查开发局四0五地质队 | Deep brine pumping working method |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN2932638Y (en) * | 2006-04-07 | 2007-08-08 | 胜光科技股份有限公司 | Fuel battery device |
| CN101101994A (en) * | 2007-07-17 | 2008-01-09 | 武汉理工大学 | Expansion graphite base compound material dual-pole board and its making method |
| CN101789511A (en) * | 2010-02-23 | 2010-07-28 | 昆山弗尔赛能源有限公司 | Membrane electrode component integrating flow field structure and fuel cell thereof |
| CN103326032A (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2013-09-25 | 上海交通大学 | Method for preparing platinum gradient-distribution catalyst layer structure of proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| CN103367768A (en) * | 2013-07-02 | 2013-10-23 | 上海交通大学 | Method for preparing double-catalyst-layer structure of proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
-
2014
- 2014-01-15 CN CN201410017142.9A patent/CN103779595A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2932638Y (en) * | 2006-04-07 | 2007-08-08 | 胜光科技股份有限公司 | Fuel battery device |
| CN101101994A (en) * | 2007-07-17 | 2008-01-09 | 武汉理工大学 | Expansion graphite base compound material dual-pole board and its making method |
| CN101789511A (en) * | 2010-02-23 | 2010-07-28 | 昆山弗尔赛能源有限公司 | Membrane electrode component integrating flow field structure and fuel cell thereof |
| CN103326032A (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2013-09-25 | 上海交通大学 | Method for preparing platinum gradient-distribution catalyst layer structure of proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| CN103367768A (en) * | 2013-07-02 | 2013-10-23 | 上海交通大学 | Method for preparing double-catalyst-layer structure of proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106935883A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2017-07-07 | 上海恒劲动力科技有限公司 | Fuel cell system |
| CN106935883B (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2020-06-09 | 上海恒劲动力科技有限公司 | Fuel cell system |
| CN107634240A (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2018-01-26 | 苏州中氢能源科技有限公司 | A kind of small fuel cell metal double polar plates |
| CN107749485A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-03-02 | 黑冻科技有限公司 | For driving the hydrogen fuel cell monomer structure of new energy sky iron |
| CN110061260A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-07-26 | 苏州东风精冲工程有限公司 | A kind of proton exchange fuel cell |
| CN114293985A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-04-08 | 四川省地质矿产勘查开发局四0五地质队 | Deep brine pumping working method |
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Application publication date: 20140507 |
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