CN1870359A - Laser pulse stretching and compressing device - Google Patents
Laser pulse stretching and compressing device Download PDFInfo
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- CN1870359A CN1870359A CN 200610025641 CN200610025641A CN1870359A CN 1870359 A CN1870359 A CN 1870359A CN 200610025641 CN200610025641 CN 200610025641 CN 200610025641 A CN200610025641 A CN 200610025641A CN 1870359 A CN1870359 A CN 1870359A
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Abstract
A laser pulse widening and compressing device is characterized by comprising an ultrashort pulse laser, a chirp control system, an energy control system, a nonlinear action system, a dispersion compensation system and a test system, wherein the device can widen a spectrum and compress pulses and can also compress the spectrum and widen the pulses; the defects of low conversion efficiency and complex structure in the nonlinear crystal pulse broadening technology can be overcome; and the problems of limitation of low energy of the incident pulse by using the optical fiber and the like are solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to light laser, particularly a kind of laser pulse stretching and compression set.This device can be applied to biology, physics and chemical research fields such as high strength ultrafast laser technique, the little processing of ultra-short pulse laser and pumping-detection technology.
Background technology
In the past few decades, the femtosecond pulse technology has obtained huge development.Utilize mode-locking technique and chirped pulse to amplify (chirped pulse amplification, be called for short CPA) titanium-doped sapphire (Ti:sapphire) Optical Maser System of technology, can obtain the ultra-intense ultra-short laser pulse of tens femtoseconds, desk-topization of terawatt (TW) (TW) level.This ultra-intense ultra-short laser pulse is the important tool in many high field laser physicses basic research such as high order harmonic component, plasma channel and chirped pulse generation.Researchs such as femtochemistry, biomedicine, pumping-detection and femtosecond laser parallel micromachining also need this high-intensity ultrashort laser pulse as light source.
We know that the motion of atom and molecule is in psec and femtosecond magnitude, but different media, different physical effects, the length of dielectric response time is different.Therefore for different physical effects and different media, there is best effect laser pulse width.Experimental study shows that in femtosecond laser parallel micromachining the laser incident of different pulse durations is very big for micro-machined result's influence.Yet the used stretched pulse of former experiments only obtains by regulating grating space.The spectrum of the pulse laser that obtains does not narrow down, and pulse has and warble, and this can be influential to result of experiment.In light laser physical study such as cone of radiation and high order harmonic component, found the influence of pulse duration for experimental result.Has very big meaning so can produce the light laser ultrashort pulse of not warbling that a kind of pulse duration can regulate.
In the past few decades, utilize the chamber external compression technology of medium stretched-out spectrums such as optical fiber, bulk material and hollow optic fibre and chirped mirror compensation of dispersion can obtain the compression pulse of several times of compression ratios.Spectrum pinch effect when utilizing negative chirped pulse to transmit in optical fiber also can obtain tens times stretched pulse.Yet because the restriction of optical fiber, present this pulse stretching is only limited to the laser pulse [list of references: Opt.Lett.25,7 (2000) 445-447] of very low-yield incident.In addition, there is the people also to propose to utilize the method for nonlinear crystal frequency inverted to come compressed spectrum and stretched pulse [list of references: Acta Physica Sinica, 53,1 (2004) 93-98].But this method relates to the phase matched and the frequency translation of nonlinear crystal, thereby conversion efficiency is very low, and the apparatus structure complexity.
Existing recently utilization inflation box and lump-shaped media are come stretched-out spectrum and are come the report of compression pulse by dispersion compensation.But also compression pulse just, and do not provide a kind of not only can stretched-out spectrum and compression pulse but also can compressed spectrum and the high-energy ultra-short pulse laser device of stretched pulse.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is and will utilize the deficiency of a nonlinear crystal compressed spectrum and stretched pulse at above-mentioned utilization inflation box and a lump-shaped media stretched-out spectrum and compression pulse, a kind of laser pulse stretching and compression set are provided, this device is answered:
Both can stretched-out spectrum and compression pulse, again can compressed spectrum and stretched pulse;
It is low to solve the conversion efficiency of utilizing in the nonlinear crystal stretched pulse technology, baroque deficiency;
Also solved the restriction that utilizes the optical fiber input pulse energy low.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of laser pulse stretching and compression set, it is characterized in that it is by ultrashort pulse laser, the control system of warbling, energy management system, the nonlinear interaction system, Dispersion Compensation Systems and test macro are formed, outbound course along the laser beam of described ultrashort pulse laser is the control system of warbling successively, energy management system, by condenser lens, the nonlinear interaction system that nonlinear dielectric and concave mirror are formed, described Dispersion Compensation Systems comprises that one inserts speculum, wedge of glass is to right with chirped mirror, the reverberation direction of described insertion speculum when described wedge of glass is inserted speculum and inserted light path being positioned at; Described chirped mirror is to being arranged in light path; The formation of described test macro is: in the output light path of described concave mirror with light path first beam splitting chip that is provided with at 45, reverberation direction at this first beam splitting chip has a grating spectrograph, in described wedge of glass the crosspoint with the right output light path of described chirped mirror is provided with second beam splitting chip, laser pulse shape and phase measurement device is arranged at the non-laser pulse outbound course of this second beam splitting chip.
Described ultrashort pulse laser is a titanium jewel femto-second laser.
The described control system of warbling is a grating pair, or prism is right, or acousto-optic scattering filter able to programme.
Described energy management system is continuous attenuator, or the combination of half-wave plate and polarizer.
Described nonlinear dielectric is the inert gas in the gas box of packing into, or liquid, or lump-shaped media.
Distance between described condenser lens and the concave mirror is this two focal length sum.
Described laser pulse shape and phase measurement device are that direct electric field is rebuild spectrum phase interference ultrashort pulse measuring instrument or frequency resolution optical switch testing instrument.
Principle of the present invention is:
We know that according to the fourier transform formula, narrow laser pulse is corresponding to wide laser spectroscopy, and opposite wide laser pulse is corresponding to narrow laser spectroscopy.Usually compression is exactly according to this thinking with stretched pulse, realizes by broadening and compress spectrum.The present invention based on basic principle can utilize following formula to illustrate:
This expression formula is the expression formula from the phase modulated effect that influences laser spectroscopy in the burst transmissions process. wherein
NLWhen expression laser transmits in medium, the nonlinear phase shift that medium causes.E (t) is the electric field expression of laser pulse.As shown from the above formula, in pulse front edge δ ω＜0, and in pulse back edge δ ω＞0.Generally speaking, do not have warble and positive chirped pulse in transmission course, make the spectrum widening of laser from the effect of phase modulated (self-phasemodulation is called for short SPM).For negative chirped pulse, the laser pulse forward position is a high fdrequency component, and the edge, back is a low frequency component.Therefore the effect of SPM on the edge, front and back makes spectrum compress to the center, thereby the spectrum compression of incident laser pulse is narrowed down.
Based on this principle, we pass through nonlinear dielectric with a branch of intense laser pulse, intense laser pulse produces the SPM effect in medium, by warbling of control incident intense laser pulse, promptly by regulating compressor reducer grating pair spacing to wait the spectrum of controlling the shoot laser pulse be broadened or being compressed, again by suitable dispersion compensation, just can obtain to compress or the laser pulse of broadening.
Described laser pulse can adopt generations such as titanium jewel femto-second laser.Described chirped pulse control system can be the grating pair of compressor reducer, and perhaps prism is right, or the acousto-optic scattering filter commercial able to programme before stretcher (acousto-optic programmable dispersive filter is called for short AOPDF).Spacing that can be by regulating grating pair or the parameters such as 2nd order chromatic dispersion amount of AOPDF are controlled the chirp value of incident pulse.Energy management system can adopt the incompatible realization incident laser pulse of continuous attenuator or half-wave plate and polarizer group energy adjustable continuously.
Be used for the broadening of laser spectroscopy or the medium of compression, be generally gas or lump-shaped media, also can be liquid.Gas normally inert gas is placed in the gas box.Lump-shaped media is generally glass.
Dispersion compensation part can for prism to or chirped mirror.
Test macro can be rebuild spectrum phase interference ultrashort pulse measuring instrument (spectralphase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction with direct electric field, be called for short SPIDER) or frequency resolution optical shutter measuring instrument (frequency resolved optical grating, be called for short FROG) Laser Measurement pulse shape and position mutually, usefulness grating spectrograph Laser Measurement spectrum.
The present invention regulates the chromatic dispersion control element and can realize broadening or compression pulse by the chirp value of control incident pulse.The present invention has following characteristics:
(1) device both can compression pulse also can stretched pulse.Chromatic dispersion compensation quantity by control incident pulse chirp value and adjusting chromatic dispersion control element can be regulated output pulse width.The output pulse does not have and warbles.Pulse duration, all can be regulated down to psec to the hundreds of femtosecond from tens femtoseconds.
(2) with respect to optical fiber, because the high damage threshold of glass material and gas.Device is applicable to the pulse of little joule of magnitude low-energy laser, also is applicable to the high-octane laser pulse incident of hundred millijoule magnitudes.
(3) the method both had been applicable to that linearly polarized light also was applicable to circularly polarized light incident, and installed simple to operation.And utilize the nonlinear crystal method to need phase matched, so only be applicable to polarised light incident.And because the phase matched requirement of nonlinear crystal, the incidence angle of incident laser has strict demand, thereby makes operating difficulties.
(4) with respect to the method for nonlinear crystal stretched pulse, almost not loss of laser energy in the method, thereby conversion efficiency height can be greater than 90%.
(5) with respect to nonlinear crystal stretched pulse method, the nonlinear interaction of the method makes that output laser spatial model is good.
(6) pulse laser can be divided into multi beam, and pass through different nonlinear dielectrics, thereby can export the laser pulse of different pulse durations synchronously.
(7) under incident pulse energy one stable condition, can also by little move slide rail come mobile bulk material in light path the position or change the air pressure of gas in the gas box, can change the broadening ratio or the compression ratio of output pulse, reach the purpose of fine setting outgoing pulse width.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is intense laser pulse broadening of the present invention and compression set structural representation.
Fig. 2 is among the embodiment, uses intense laser pulse broadening of the present invention and compression set, utilizes the argon gas box to do nonlinear dielectric broadening that obtains and the waveform that compresses laser spectroscopy and its corresponding compression and spread laser pulse.
Among the figure, 1-ultrashort pulse laser, 2-output laser beam, 3-the control system of warbling, 4-energy management system, 5-condenser lens, 6,7,12,15,18,19,20-speculum, 8-nonlinear dielectric, 9-concave mirror, 10-the first beam splitting chip, 11-spectrometer, 13-insertion speculum, 14-wedge of glass is right, 16,17-chirped mirror is right, 21-SPIDER, 22-the second beam splitting chip.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, but should not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.
See also Fig. 1 earlier, Fig. 1 is the structural representation of intense laser pulse broadening of the present invention and compression set embodiment.As seen from the figure, laser pulse stretching of the present invention and compression set, it is characterized in that it is by ultrashort pulse laser 1, the control system 3 of warbling, energy management system 4, the nonlinear interaction system, Dispersion Compensation Systems and test macro are formed, outbound course along the laser beam 2 of described ultrashort pulse laser 1 is the control system 3 of warbling successively, energy management system 4, by condenser lens 5, the nonlinear interaction system that nonlinear dielectric 8 and concave mirror 9 are formed, described Dispersion Compensation Systems comprises that one inserts speculum 13, wedge of glass to 14 and chirped mirror to 16,17, the reverberation direction of described insertion speculum 13 when described wedge of glass is positioned at insertion speculum 13 insertion light paths to 14; Described chirped mirror is arranged in light path to 16,17; The formation of described test macro is: in the output light path of described concave mirror 9 with light path first beam splitting chip 10 that is provided with at 45, reverberation direction at this first beam splitting chip 10 has a grating spectrograph 11, described wedge of glass to 14 and described chirped mirror the crosspoint of 16,17 output light path is provided with second beam splitting chip 22, at the non-laser pulse outbound course of this second beam splitting chip 22 laser pulse shape and phase measurement device 21 are arranged.
In the present embodiment: the model that incident laser pulse 2 is produced for spectrum physics company is ultrashort pulse laser 1 output of Spitfire.The about 50fs of laser pulse 2 width, centre wavelength 800nm, the about 21nm of spectrum full width at half maximum such as Fig. 2 (a), repetition rate 1kHz, the output laser single-pulse energy is about 0.7mJ.By energy management system 4, the incident laser pulse energy is 0.5mJ.The nonlinear interaction medium is filled with the glass tube 8 of argon gas for about 90cm.Laser focuses on the center of the glass tube 8 of applying argon gas through the thin condenser lens 5 of 1.5m focal length.When incident pulse was no chirped pulse, we can see the silk of about 7～8cm.Utilize grating spectrograph 11 to measure behind concave mirror 9 collimations of shoot laser spectrum through the 1m focal length, shown in Fig. 2 (c).The laser spectroscopy broadening is to the about 58nm of full width at half maximum.Laser beam behind the collimation can obtain the compression pulse that pulse duration is 15fs through a pair of chirped mirror 16,17 compensation of dispersion, shown in Fig. 2 (d).By regulating the air pressure height in the argon gas glass tube 8, can regulate compressed pulse widths, be about 1350mbar at air pressure, obtain optimal compression value 15fs.Experiment light path and process are the same.When incident laser pulse is born chirp spread to about 100fs, the laser spectroscopy that we obtain compressing, laser full width at half maximum degree is about 9nm, shown in Fig. 2 (e).At this moment, through wedge of glass 14 compensation of dispersion, we obtain the stretched pulse of about 110fs, shown in Fig. 2 (f).The output laser single-pulse energy is all greater than 0.35mJ, thus the conversion efficiency of acquisition＞70%.Wherein energy loss mainly be BK7 glass not Brewster angle place the direct reflection loss bring, the loss of nonlinear interaction process is very little.
The use of this device realizes by following step:
(1) light source: adopt ultra-short pulse laser systems 1 such as titanium jewel femto-second laser, it exports tens femtoseconds, and repetition rate can arrive a few KHz scalable pulse 2 for 1Hz.
(2) control system 3 of warbling: regulate the grating pair spacing, prism is controlled warbling of incident laser pulse and chirp value to spacing or AOPDF dispersion measure control option.The chirp value size of incident laser pulse is measured by SPIDER or FROG instrument 21, and judges the state of warbling of pulse from the phase place of output pulse.When the spectrum phase of laser is bent downwardly, be negative warbling, when the spectrum phase of laser is smoother, be not have and warble, when being bent upwards just to be, the spectrum phase of laser warbles.According to front formula principle expression formula as can be known: when needs stretched-out spectrum and compression pulse, it is not have to warble or just warble that our regulating system makes incident laser pulse; When needs compressed spectrum and stretched pulse, it is negative warbling that our regulating system makes incident laser pulse, and can regulate negative chirp value with the ratio of control spectrum compression with pulse stretching by the method for AOPDF system 2nd order chromatic dispersion value or increase grating pair spacing.What deserves to be explained is that sharp AOPDF system can be more accurate, the chirp value of convenient control system.
(3) energy management system 4: follow through forming energy management system by a half-wave plate and a polarizer through the laser pulse 2 of the control system 3 of warbling, can control the input pulsed laser energy by rotating half-wave plate.By the basic principle formula as can be seen, promptly change the size of E (t), thereby also can control the ratio of laser spectroscopy compression or broadening by changing energy.
(4) nonlinear interaction system: enter the nonlinear interaction system from energy management system 4 laser that comes out.In the nonlinear interaction system, laser spectroscopy will be broadened or be compressed.The nonlinear interaction system is made up of following parts: focus on thin lens 5; Lump-shaped media or gas box 8; The concave mirror 9 of collimation; Speculum 6,7,12.The laser beam 2 of certain energy of energy management system 4 output at first focuses on thin lens 5 through one, focuses on nonlinear dielectric 8---and be filled with in the gas box of argon gas and in gas box, become silk.Wherein gas box is inflated body more inside through vacuumizing earlier.The spectrum of laser in argon gas because nonlinear interaction and broadened or be compressed.If not linear medium is a lump-shaped media, we are fixed in nonlinear material on the optics slide rail, and material is put in after the geometrical focus of condenser lens 5, can move before and after being parallel on the direction of light path.Need to prove the energy that utilizes bulk material can improve incident laser pulse.Export through concave mirror 9 collimations again through the laser behind the nonlinear dielectric 8.Concave mirror 9 is about both focal length sums with the spacing that focuses on thin lens 5.Plane mirror 6,7,12 are used for changing optical path direction, make work top compacter.
(5) Dispersion Compensation Systems: the laser beam input chromatic dispersion control system compensation of dispersion behind the collimation.The chromatic dispersion control system can be right for prism, and chirped mirror is to (16,17) or wedge of glass 14.If incident pulse is not warbled or positive chirped pulse for having, laser spectroscopy because of in medium broadened, and introduce and just warbling from nonlinear interactions such as phase modulated, this moment, we need regulate the right spacing of prism or chirped mirror (16,17) order of reflection is just warbled with compensation.If incident pulse is negative chirped pulse, through behind the medium, warbling of laser pulse may be negative for just can be, and this moment is by inserting light path with sliding reflection eyeglass 13 or shifting out light path and select chromatic dispersion control system compensation of dispersion.If just warble, then the same, reflecting optics 13 is removed, allow laser by enter prism to or chirped mirror 16,17.If negative warbling inserted eyeglass 13 this moment, wedge of glass 14 is advanced in laser-bounce compensated negative warbling, regulate laser by the insertion depth that changes wedge of glass 14 and regulate compensation rate by medium length.We also can regulate the incident laser pulse control system of warbling and change the incident pulse chirp value and optimize output.15,18,19 and 20 plane mirrors of light path for a change.
(6) measuring system: obtain the good pulse of dispersion compensation, need come meticulous adjusting chromatic dispersion control system, to realize closely not having chirped pulse output in conjunction with measuring system.The shape that measuring system can be come the Laser Measurement pulse with SPIDER or FROG (21) and position are mutually.Come the personal monitoring and regulate the chromatic dispersion control system and optimize pulse output by measuring the output impulse phase.The spectrum of laser utilizes grating spectrograph 11 to measure.10 and 22 is beam splitting chip.
In sum, the present invention is by the chirp value of control incident pulse, and regulating chromatic dispersion control element can Wide or the compression pulse of the exhibition that realizes. The present invention has following Some features:
(1) device both can compress pulse and also can open up broad pulse. By control incident pulse chirp amount and The chromatic dispersion compensation quantity of regulating chromatic dispersion control element can the regulation output pulse width. The output pulse does not have and warbles. Pulse width is from tens femtoseconds to several hundred femtoseconds, so that psec all can be regulated.
(2) with respect to optical fiber, because the high damage threshold of glass material and gas. Device is applicable to little Jiao The pulse of ear magnitude low-energy laser also is applicable to the laser pulse incident of the high-energy of hundred millijoule magnitudes.
(3) the method both had been applicable to that linear polarization light also was applicable to the incident of circular polarization light, and device is simple and easy to behaviour Do. And utilize the nonlinear crystal method to need phase matched, so only be applicable to polarised light incident. And Because the phase matched requirement of nonlinear crystal, the incidence angle of incident laser has strict demand, thereby so that Operating difficulties.
(4) with respect to the method for nonlinear crystal exhibition broad pulse, the laser energy does not almost decrease in the method Lose, thereby conversion efficient height, can be greater than 90%.
(5) with respect to nonlinear crystal exhibition broad pulse method, the nonlinear interaction of the method is so that output is sharp The light spatial model is good.
(6) pulse laser can be divided into multi beam, and through different nonlinear dielectrics, thereby can be together The laser pulse of the different pulse widths of step output.
(7) under incident pulse energy one stable condition, can also come mobile bulk material by little slide rail that moves The air pressure of gas can change the wide ratio of exhibition of exporting pulse in position in light path or the change gas box Or compression ratio, reach the purpose of finely tuning the outgoing pulse width.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of laser pulse stretching and compression set, it is characterized in that it is by ultrashort pulse laser (1), the control system of warbling (3), energy management system (4), the nonlinear interaction system, Dispersion Compensation Systems and test macro are formed, outbound course along the laser beam (2) of described ultrashort pulse laser (1) is the control system (3) of warbling successively, energy management system (4), by condenser lens (5), the nonlinear interaction system that nonlinear dielectric (8) and concave mirror (9) are formed, described Dispersion Compensation Systems comprises that one inserts speculum (13), wedge of glass to (14) and chirped mirror to (16, the reverberation direction of described insertion speculum (13) when 17), described wedge of glass is positioned at insertion speculum (13) insertion light path to (14); Described chirped mirror is arranged in light path to (16,17); The formation of described test macro is: in the output light path of described concave mirror (9) with light path first beam splitting chip (10) that is provided with at 45, reverberation direction at this first beam splitting chip (10) has a grating spectrograph (11), in described wedge of glass (14) and described chirped mirror are provided with second beam splitting chip (22) to the crosspoint of the output light path of (16,17), laser pulse shape and phase measurement device (21) are arranged at the non-laser pulse outbound course of this second beam splitting chip (22).
2, laser pulse stretching according to claim 1 and compression set is characterized in that described ultrashort pulse laser (1) is a titanium jewel femto-second laser.
3, laser pulse stretching according to claim 1 and compression set it is characterized in that the described control system of warbling (3) is grating pair, or prism are right, or acousto-optic scattering filter able to programme.
4, laser pulse stretching according to claim 1 and compression set is characterized in that described energy management system (4) is continuous attenuator, or the combination of half-wave plate and polarizer.
5, laser pulse stretching according to claim 1 and compression set is characterized in that described nonlinear dielectric (8) is the inert gas in the gas box of packing into, or liquid, or lump-shaped media.
6, laser pulse stretching according to claim 1 and compression set is characterized in that the distance between described condenser lens (5) and the concave mirror (9) is this two focal length sum.
7, laser pulse stretching according to claim 1 and compression set is characterized in that described laser pulse shape and phase measurement device (21) are direct electric field reconstruction spectrum phase interference ultrashort pulse measuring instrument or frequency resolution optical switch testing instrument.
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| CN101615754B (en) * | 2009-07-22 | 2010-08-25 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Method and apparatus for dynamic compensation and pulse compression of higher harmonic inherent chirp |
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- 2006-04-12 CN CN 200610025641 patent/CN1870359A/en active Pending
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