CN1863852B - 涂覆中空体 - Google Patents

涂覆中空体 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1863852B
CN1863852B CN03826854XA CN03826854A CN1863852B CN 1863852 B CN1863852 B CN 1863852B CN 03826854X A CN03826854X A CN 03826854XA CN 03826854 A CN03826854 A CN 03826854A CN 1863852 B CN1863852 B CN 1863852B
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China
Prior art keywords
deck
layer
ducted body
base layer
nano
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN03826854XA
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CN1863852A (zh
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H·胡梅勒
V·克龙泽德尔
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Krones AG
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Krones AG
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    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/02Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/22Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor using multilayered preforms or parisons
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/58Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising fillers only, e.g. particles, powder, beads, flakes, spheres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B65D23/00Details of bottles or jars not otherwise provided for
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    • B65D23/0807Coatings
    • B65D23/0814Coatings characterised by the composition of the material
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种耐擦伤覆层的中空体、该中空体的制造方法以及含有纳米级颗粒的组合物在提高配有阻挡层的中空体的耐擦伤性方面的应用。

Description

涂覆中空体
本发明涉及一种涂覆中空体、该中空体的制造方法,以及含有纳米级颗粒的组合物在提高配有阻挡层的中空体的耐擦伤性方面的应用。
食品和饮料常装在预制的中空体中准备出售和保存。在此情况下,中空体的种类取决于物品种类和拟定的保质期来选择。因此,就对氧敏感性较高的物品如婴儿食品、啤酒和果汁而言,以及就碳酸饮料而言,常选择玻璃瓶和罐头。然而,玻璃由于自身重量和冲击敏感性,而具有不足之处。基于有关回收的严厉立法,罐头也有问题。因此,人们试图用塑料中空体或复合材料中空体来替代玻璃中空体或罐头。但是,这里也出现一些问题:许多商用塑料或复合材料体系不仅对氧,而且对二氧化碳,都具有很高的透气性。物品对抗氧气所起氧化作用的稳定性,或者不使二氧化碳损失的稳定性,往往都不能得到保证。
因此,适用于塑料或复合材料体系所制中空体的气体阻挡层,尤其是适用于PET所制中空体的气体阻挡层得以研发。这些气体阻挡层能使保存体系的透气性达到令人满意的数值,因而应用塑料或复合材料体系的有益效果可得以确保。
如果只是将这些气体阻挡层施加在中空体的外表面侧,往往就不能保证气体阻挡层具有必需的耐久性。许多气体阻挡材料或者是溶于水的,或者不具有特别机械抵抗力,以至气体阻挡层会发生无法修复的损伤,尤其是在具有很高生产量的饮料灌装机中,降低了期望对产品质量的保障。
因此,本发明提出的任务是,提供一种透气性降低的中空体,同时确保使气体阻挡层获得足够的保护。本发明中空体能够优选适用于具有很高生产量的灌装机。本发明中空体的制造也同样应当有可能在多于每小时20000个瓶子的高生产量设备中进行,其中优选的是,首先应当有可能制造涂覆的预制坯件,接着吹制瓶子。
发明概述
本发明提供的中空体解决了上述任务,即一种中空体,该中空体包括至少一层基体层以及该基体层外表面上的至少一层阻挡层和至少一层包含填料的保护层,所述填料是尺寸为0.5~100nm的纳米级颗粒。进一步优选的实施方式提供在下面的描述中。
此外,本发明还提供本发明中空体的制造方法,其中包括:提供一种包括至少一层基体层的中空体,在中空体的外表面上施加至少一层阻挡层和至少一层含有填料的保护层,其中所述填料是尺寸为0.5~100nm的纳米级颗粒。由下面的描述可悉知该方法的各种优选实施方式。
除此而外,本发明还提供一种含有纳米级颗粒和一种无机粘结剂或有机粘结剂的组合物在提高中空体耐擦伤性方面的应用。下面的说明书中阐述了该应用的优选实施方式。
发明详述
I.中空体
本发明中空体可取任何形状,但优选为瓶子、瓶子预制坯件、杯子或圆柱状旋盖容器。
本发明的中空体包括至少一层基体层.该基体层决定着中空体的形状.基体层优选包括现已用于制造中空体的常用材料.本发明中优选的塑料如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚乙烯(PE)、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)、乙烯-偏二氯乙烯共聚物、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA/PE)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)、聚酰胺(PA)、生物可降解的聚合物、纤维素和纤维素衍生物以及天然聚合物如赛璐玢及含蛋白质的聚合物与含淀粉的聚合物,以及这些塑料的共聚物或混合物.特别优选的是PET及填充了氧清除剂的PET.
基体层也可用纸、厚纸、厚纸板以及该等材料与上述塑料的层状复合体系或者上述塑料的层状复合体系制成。也可以是与铝箔层压的涂覆和层压的材料,例如纸或厚纸。
基体层的厚度并不苛求,它根据所希冀的中空体机械强度来选择。
在本发明范围内,特别优选的是,中空体为PET瓶,或者为PET瓶的预制坯件,也即一种可以经过使用热和/或压力,例如加热后经延伸吹制操作而成形为瓶子的中空体。
所述的至少一层基体层的外表面上配有至少一层阻挡层(气体阻挡层)。该阻挡层包括那些能将基体层透气性调节到实际可接受值的材料。对于专业技术人员来说,这类材料都是已知的。在本发明范围内,任何用来制备阻挡层的材料都可采用,但优选的是以聚乙烯醇为基料的各种阻挡层。
本发明中所用的聚乙烯醇可以是常用的聚乙烯醇,但优选的是具有大于60mol%的高水解度的聚乙烯醇。聚乙烯醇共聚物也可采用,例如与乙烯的聚乙烯醇共聚物。但优选聚乙烯醇。
原则上已知用于产生阻挡层的这些材料,可以用专业技术人员熟知的方式施加到基体层上,例如用喷涂或浸涂的方式。本发明中,该阻挡层优选在基体层的整个外表面上延展。但是,为使制造方法简化起见,这一层也只设置于刚刚形成的基体层部位上,例如瓶子的圆筒部分,只要透气性实现所希望的降低。
气体阻挡层的厚度并不苛刻要求,但通常仅为数微米,优选为0.5~5微米,特别优选为1~3微米。
优选将阻挡层直接施加在基体层上,该阻挡层优选为PET层。但是,也可设置中间层,例如粘结改进层。也可以对基体层进行表面处理,以便譬如增强阻挡层的黏着力。这种可能性、为此使用的材料和方法对于专业技术人员来说,都是已知的。
按照本发明,配有阻挡层的基体层还带有保护层,即耐擦伤面层。按照本发明,对于表层,使用一种含有填料的组合物,优选为含有纳米级颗粒或者产生纳米级颗粒的组合物,从而可以制得具有必要机械保护作用的耐擦伤保护层。在本发明中,下面详述的保护层材料要选择得一方面获得所希冀的保护作用,另一方面确保该保护层同位于其底下的气体阻挡层具有必需的相容性。
耐擦伤保护层的厚度并不苛刻要求,但从商业上考虑,往往要选择尽可能最薄的结构。通常保护层厚度仅为数微米,优选为0.5~5μm,特别优选为1~3μm。
本发明可用的填料可以是任何填料,即是在用于中空体的阻挡层组合物中使用的那些填料,例如WO 98/56861和WO 00/49072中所公开者,这些文献中关于可用填料的公开内容在此一并包括在内。本发明在保护层中使用填料保证了保护层所希望的机械强度,致使位于其下的气体阻挡层在饮料灌装机中,特别是高生产量(每小时20000瓶和以上)的饮料灌装机中处理瓶子时不再受到不可修复的损伤。
然而,保护层中含有粒度约0.5~100nm的颗粒是优选的。这种所谓的纳米级颗粒,一方面提供所希冀的机械保护作用,另一方面则由于添加这种非常细小、人眼再也觉察不到的颗粒而不影响瓶子的外观,因为这种纳米级颗粒不会使瓶子变阴暗。因此,在起到保护作用的同时,还能保持玻璃般透明的印象,尤其对于PET瓶子。
为了达到所希冀的耐擦伤效果,优选的是,保护层中含有3~30%(重量),优选5~25%(重量)的填料和优选为纳米级颗粒。如上所述,填料的种类在此并不苛刻要求,这也适合于纳米级颗粒,以玻璃材料、陶瓷材料、塑料材料或者金属为基料的填料或纳米级颗粒都可使用。
除了在此优选为纳米级颗粒的填料之外,保护层还含有一种无机或有机的粘结剂或者粘结剂混合物。
作为无机粘结剂,可以使用具有硅酸盐性质的粘结剂,例如水玻璃,或者以硅酸乙酯为基的材料。
在纯无机粘结剂和纯有机粘结剂之间形成键连的所谓有机-无机杂化聚合物也可使用。基本化学历程以例如已知用于制备硅酸乙酯的反应为基础,由此形成了相似于无机硅酸盐的结构。从烷氧基硅烷出发,经水解作用,部分形成其中硅原子上醇基被羟基取代的硅烷醇。这种反应性化合物能够同其他硅烷进行反应,形成聚硅氧烷结构。在该反应中,也可使硅烷化合物上的有机侧链发生反应,从而产生有机链。因此,形成无机-有机网络的结构。
此外,有机体系也可用作粘结剂,例如聚酯树脂、醇酸树脂和可交联聚合物体系以及其他聚合物材料如聚氨酯、苯乙烯丙烯酸酯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物以及聚乙烯醇缩醛如聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。
对于耐擦伤保护层优选的是含有硅酸酯基纳米级颗粒的硅酸酯保护层,举例来说,这种保护层可通过使含烷氧基硅烷和硅酸烷基酯的混合物固化而制得。固化时进行的化学反应,一方面产生纳米级颗粒,而且进而产生一种耐久、耐擦伤、水不溶的网络。优选的保护层用混合物制得,这些混合物包括在醇溶液中的含环氧基的烷氧基硅烷及其水解产物与缩合物、硅酸四烷基酯及其水解产物与缩合物(其中优选硅酸四乙基酯)以及戊二酮(优选2,4-戊二酮)。在此,醇溶剂优选为乙醇、丙醇(优选2-丙醇)以及丁醇(优选2-丁醇)。
本发明的优选实施方式,即用PET、按需要填充氧清除剂而制得的基体层,以聚乙烯醇为基的气体阻挡层,以及以上述烷氧基硅烷和硅酸烷基酯为基的保护层,使制造涂覆预制坯件成为可能,接着可将预制坯件吹制成瓶子。对气体阻挡层和保护层进行特定的材料选择,就能实现吹制操作,以此确保施加于预制坯件上的各层覆盖整个表面,而不会受到损伤。
下面参照本发明的方法来进一步阐述本发明。与此相关联要提出的是,上面与本发明中空体有关的、被称为优选的那些改进技术方案对本发明方法来说也是优选的。因此,为避免对制造方法进行不必要的重复叙述起见,仅涉及方法的优选技术方案。
II.中空体的制造方法
在本发明方法中,给包括至少一层基体层的中空体配备至少一层阻挡层(气体阻挡层)和至少一层保护层。上面所阐明的中空体材料都适用于基体层、阻挡层和保护层。
阻挡层和保护层可用适宜的而且专业技术人员已知的方法直接施加到基体层上或者阻挡层上。
为此,举例来说,可以对优选用PET制成、尤其填充了氧清除剂的基体层先配以阻挡层,例如用喷涂法或者用浸涂法。接着,把保护层施加到阻挡层上,产生总共至少三层的结构。如上所详述,可用已知的方法步骤,在本发明中空体的各主要层之间设置中间层;作为选择,譬如为了提高后续各层的粘结力,可以在表面上施加后续层之前,对该表面进行处理。处理所必需用的方法和装置,对专业技术人员说来都是已知的。
按照本发明,为了施加阻挡层,特别优选的是,制备一种5~10%(重量)的水溶液形式的以聚乙烯醇为基的涂料,视需要情况,还可添加乙醇。这样一种方法步骤可以例如用单独一台旋转式喷雾器,就能在2~3秒钟内施加1~5μm的均匀涂层,生产能力约达每小时20000瓶。
在例如上面已施加的阻挡层充分干燥,以便进行后续加工之后,才可以施加本发明的保护层。
为此,按照本发明,制备了一种足够稀的液状混合物,该混合物优选包括纳米级颗粒和至少一种上述如上所定义的粘结剂。然后,以喷涂法或浸涂法,将该混合物施加到已配有阻挡层的基体层上。
施加了保护层的涂层组合物以后,视保护层涂层组合物的组成而异可通过干燥、水解或者紫外线固化,来使保护层干燥/固化。
在本发明的制造方法中,优选先施加以聚乙烯醇为基的气体阻挡层。接着,使这一层经过稍微干燥,以使涂覆过的中空体可被继续操作,而不至使施加的涂层因轻微接触而受损伤。当然,在此时刻,彻底干燥既无必要,也不希望。由于这个专门的改进技术方案,使得所施加的气体阻挡层在同时具有足以进行后续加工的强度情况下,具有足够的柔韧性,当气体阻挡层涂到PET瓶子预制坯件上,该预制坯件又在涂覆操作以后应当再吹制成瓶子的时候,尤具优越性。
施加气体阻挡层以后,再应用产生耐擦伤保护层的混合物。该混合物优选施加到刚干燥还未完全固化的气体阻挡层上。保护层所用的混合物优选含有烷氧基硅烷和硅酸烷基酯,它们在涂覆以后经干燥操作产生一种含有纳米级颗粒的保护层。特别优选的保护层涂层溶液(1)组成如下:
约16%(重量)含环氧基的烷氧基硅烷及其水解产物与缩合物、
约5.5%(重量)硅酸四乙基酯及其水解产物与缩合物、
约0.5%(重量)2,4-戊二酮、
约15%(重量)2-丁醇、
约63%(重量)比例约为1∶2.5的乙醇和2-丙醇。
在此,优选地使本发明方法改进到只要先将保护层干燥到可以对涂覆过的中空体进行下一步操作而不致损伤保护层的程度即可,不需实现完全固化。特别在涂覆PET瓶子预制坯件时,确保接下来吹制PET瓶子不会损伤保护层。要在由预制坯件使瓶子成形之后,才因各层的材料而异,经干燥和/或紫外线固化对保护层进行最终干燥/固化。
通过这个特别优选的方法实施方案,可以安全涂覆大量的中空体,而不必担心所施加的各层在接着的各个灌装操作及其他操作中受损伤。
III.应用
除此之外,本发明还提供一种如权利要求15中所定义的组合物用于提高中空体耐擦伤性能的用途。该应用的优选改进技术方案,可由上面对在此通过参考并包括的本发明中空体和制造方法所作的阐述得到。
如前所述,使用这种组合物能够在中空体上产生耐擦伤并能防止位于其下的气体阻挡层受损伤的保护层。通过本发明的应用,可以如此意外地获得足以保护气体阻挡层的效果,以致可以在20000瓶/小时的大生产量灌装机中使用这样保护的中空体如PET瓶子。同时,也实现了与气体阻挡层的良好相容性,而且还为例如涂覆PET瓶子预制坯件及将坯件吹制成瓶的制造方法确保了良好的生产能力。
耐擦伤性可以用已知的方法来测定,例如ISO 1518(1992)、锥形磨料试验(Taper Abraser Test)以及使用BAQ股份有限公司使用的所谓“卡罗试验机(Calo Tester)”的方法。其中一个直径为3cm的球形体在待试表面上旋转;3分钟后用显微镜量出磨凹的(eingeschmirgelte)球截形,此即磨损值,并以此得出耐擦伤性的量度。
通过本发明的应用,可以获得涂覆中空体的高耐擦伤性,所以在灌装机中以高生产通过量(20000瓶/小时以上)灌装涂覆中空体,不会损伤保护层及位于其底下的气体阻挡层。
下列实施例进而阐明本发明。
IV.实施例
先将带有已成形螺纹和支撑环的PET瓶子的常见注塑预制坯件,在稍后成形为瓶体的支撑环下部喷以聚乙烯醇涂层溶液,以产生气体阻挡层(施加量以瓶子上能得到约2μm层厚为度)。接着,将气体阻挡层干燥到能继续操作涂覆的预制坯件而不损伤所施加的聚乙烯醇层的程度。随后,施加组成如上所述的保护层涂覆溶液(参见涂覆溶液(1))。该涂覆溶液的施加量仍以瓶子上能够得到约2μm层厚为度。同样将该涂层干燥,以便可以继续操作预制坯件、将预制坯件输送到制瓶机、对预制坯件进行工序间停放等,而不致损伤施加的各涂层。但不进行完全干燥/固化,特别在此刻仍不进行紫外线诱导固化。随即以常规方法拉伸吹制瓶子。接着,使已涂覆的涂层干燥,并用紫外线使保护层固化。结果制得涂有气体阻挡层及含纳米级颗粒的保护层的PET瓶子。瓶子吹毕后,这两层都未受损伤,表明这些涂层具有良好的延展性。这种瓶子外观明净不朦胧,而且耐擦伤,所以,在通过高生产量的灌装机中使用这种瓶子,不致使瓶子受损伤。聚乙烯醇涂层的气体阻挡性能不受影响。
在将一种含有一定份额常见氧清除剂的材料用于基体层时,能够进一步延长中空体内所包装产品的货架保存期。在此情况下,含有填料的保护层既不使阻挡层受损伤也不使基体层或基体层中填充的氧清除剂受损伤,所以氧清除剂能够最好地发挥作用。相应结构的PET瓶子理想地适用于啤酒和类似的氧敏感饮料,而且能使保质期近似于玻璃瓶。
在将聚酯材料用于基体层时,例如一定份额的聚烯烃低聚物链段适于作氧清除剂,如US6,083,585中所述。优选的是选自聚丙烯、聚戊烯、聚丁二烯及其混合物之类的聚烯烃低聚物。所有其他氧清除剂也可根据因基体层材料来使用。

Claims (19)

1.中空体,该中空体包括至少一层基体层以及该基体层外表面上的至少一层阻挡层和至少一层包含填料的保护层,其中所述保护层包含具有硅酸盐性质的无机粘结剂,或包含有机-无机杂化聚合物作为粘合剂,所述填料是尺寸为0.5~100nm的纳米级颗粒,所述纳米级颗粒分散于所述粘结剂中。
2.权利要求1所述的中空体,其中,所述至少一层基体层的材料选自塑料、纸、纸板以及这些材料的层状复合体系。
3.权利要求1或2所述的中空体,其中,所述至少一层基体层的材料选自塑料。
4.权利要求1或2所述的中空体,其中,所述至少一层基体层的材料中含有氧清除剂。
5.权利要求1或2所述的中空体,其中,所述的至少一层阻挡层含有聚乙烯醇。
6.权利要求3所述的中空体,其中,所述塑料为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
7.权利要求1或2所述的中空体,其中,所述中空体为瓶子或预制坯件,而且所述基体层由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯构成。
8.权利要求7所述的中空体,其中,所述基体层含有氧清除剂。
9.中空体的制造方法,其中包括:
提供一种包括至少一层基体层的中空体,
在中空体的外表面上施加至少一层阻挡层和至少一层如权利要求1中所定义的含有填料的保护层。
10.权利要求9所述的方法,其中,所述至少一层基体层的材料选自塑料、纸、纸板以及这些材料的层状复合体系。
11.权利要求10所述的方法,其中,所述至少一层基体层的材料选自塑料。
12.权利要求11所述的方法,其中,所述至少一层基体层的材料中含有氧清除剂。
13.权利要求9至12中任何一项所述的方法,其中,所述的至少一层阻挡层含有聚乙烯醇。
14.权利要求11所述的方法,其中,所述塑料为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
15.权利要求9至12中任何一项所述的方法,其中,所述中空体为瓶子或预制坯件,而且所述基体层由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯构成。
16.权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,向预制坯件上施加一层含有聚乙烯醇的阻挡层并使之干燥,再向阻挡层上施加一层含有纳米级颗粒的如权利要求1中所定义的保护层并使之干燥,然后将涂覆后的预制坯件加热,经拉伸吹制使之成型为瓶子,再后经紫外光照射使保护层固化。
17.一种含有尺寸为0.5~100nm的纳米级颗粒和一种如权利要求1中所定义的无机粘结剂的组合物在提高配有阻挡层的中空体的耐擦伤性方面的应用。
18.权利要求17所述的应用,其中,所述纳米级颗粒的尺寸为10~100nm。
19.权利要求17或18所述的应用,其中,所述组合物中纳米级颗粒的含量为5~25重量%。
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