CN1854475A - 内燃机的排气装置和内燃机的控制方法 - Google Patents

内燃机的排气装置和内燃机的控制方法 Download PDF

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CN1854475A
CN1854475A CNA2006100754292A CN200610075429A CN1854475A CN 1854475 A CN1854475 A CN 1854475A CN A2006100754292 A CNA2006100754292 A CN A2006100754292A CN 200610075429 A CN200610075429 A CN 200610075429A CN 1854475 A CN1854475 A CN 1854475A
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combustion engine
internal
switching valve
flow channel
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CN1854475B (zh
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李先基
井上尊雄
森浩一
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0093—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2053—By-passing catalytic reactors, e.g. to prevent overheating
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
    • F02D35/025—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions by determining temperatures inside the cylinder, e.g. combustion temperatures
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    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P5/00—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor
    • F02P5/04—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions
    • F02P5/145—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions using electrical means
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    • F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
    • F01N2410/06—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device at cold starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F01N2430/08—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by modifying ignition or injection timing
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    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D41/0047—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
    • F02D41/0065—Specific aspects of external EGR control
    • F02D2041/0067—Determining the EGR temperature
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    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明提供内燃机的排气装置和内燃机的控制方法，在该排气装置中，与在下游侧设有主催化剂转化器的主通路的上游侧部分并列地设置有旁通路，并且在该旁通路上设置有旁通催化剂转化器，且在所述主通路的所述上游侧部分设置有用以关闭所述主通路的流路切换阀，其特征在于，设置有当所述流路切换阀从关闭状态向打开状态切换时将点火时间向滞后角侧修正的点火时间修正机构。

Description

内燃机的排气装置和内燃机的控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及在冷起动之后利用流路切换阀将排气导向在排气系统的较上游具备催化剂转化器的旁通流路侧的排气装置，具体是涉及该流路切换阀切换时的修正控制。
背景技术
如以往所知，在将主催化剂转化器配置在车辆的底板下等的排气系统的较下游侧的结构中，在内燃机的冷起动后到催化剂转化器的温度上升而活性化的期间，不能期望充分的排气净化作用。另一方面，存在使催化剂转化器越靠近排气系统的上游侧即内燃机侧催化剂越因热劣化而导致耐久性降低的问题。
因此，如专利文献1中所公开的那样，在以往提出了这样的排气装置，即，与具备主催化剂转化器的主流路的上游侧部分并列地设置旁通流路，并且，在该旁通流路上插装另外的旁通催化剂转化器，并利用切换两者的切换阀，在冷起动之后将排气导向旁通流路侧。在这种结构中，旁通催化剂转换器在排气系统中与主催化剂转化器相比位于相对的上游侧，由于相对地提前活性化，所以能够从更提前的阶段开始进行排气净化。
专利文献1：特开平5-321644号公报
发明内容
为解决所述问题，本发明提供内燃机的排气装置，在该排气装置中，与在下游侧设有主催化剂转化器的主通路的上游侧部分并列地设置有旁通路，并且在该旁通路上设置有旁通催化剂转化器，且在所述主通路的所述上游侧部分设置有用以关闭所述主通路的流路切换阀，其特征在于，设置有当所述流路切换阀从关闭状态向打开状态切换时将点火时间向滞后角侧修正的点火时间修正机构。
本发明还提供内燃机的控制方法，该内燃机具有排气装置，在该排气装置中，与在下游侧设置有主催化剂转化器的主通路的上游侧部分并列地设置有旁通路，并且在该旁通路上设置有旁通催化剂转化器，且在所述主通路的所述上游侧部分设置有关闭所述主通路的流路切换阀，其特征在于，当所述流路切换阀从关闭状态向打开状态切换时，将点火时间向滞后角侧修正。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的排气装置整体的配管布局的结构说明图；
图2(a)～(i)是表示常态运转中流路切换阀打开时的本发明的控制的一例的时间图；
图3(a)～(i)是表示在缓加速过程中流路切换阀打开时的本发明的控制的一例的时间图；
图4(a)～(g)是说明由于负载上升而流路切换阀打开的时间图。
标记说明
3主通路
4主催化剂转化器
5流路切换阀
6分支点
7旁通路
8旁通催化剂转化器
12汇流点
13汽缸体
14活塞
15控制器
16节流阀
17燃料喷射阀
18火花塞
19EGR阀
20EGR通路
21温度传感器
22燃烧室
23吸气通路
具体实施方式
下面，根据附图详细说明将本发明作为串联四汽缸内燃机的排气装置适用的一个实施例。
图1是模式地表示该排气装置的配管布局的说明图，首先，根据该图1说明排气装置整体的结构。
燃烧室22构成为，在形成有汽缸筒的汽缸体13上结合有汽缸盖，并且在汽缸筒中收纳活塞14。对燃烧室，从吸气通路23供给由节流阀16调节的空气，并且供给从燃料喷射阀17喷射的燃料。进而，由EGR阀19调节的排气通过EGR通路20回流到吸气通路23中。被供给到燃烧室22的空气和燃料混合后的混合气体由火花塞18点火。在汽缸体13上安装有检测内燃机温度(冷却水温)的温度传感器21。燃烧后的排气通过排气口2从燃烧室被排出。
在汽缸盖1上形成有串联配置的一号汽缸～四号汽缸的各汽筒的排气口2，它们分别朝向侧面开口，该各排气口2与主通路3连接。一号汽缸～四号汽缸的四条主通路3合流成一条流路，在其下游侧配置有主催化剂转化器4。该主催化剂转化器4配置在车辆的底板下且容量大，作为催化剂例如含有三元催化剂和HC捕捉催化剂。由所述主通路3和主催化剂转化器4构成通常运转时排气通过的主流路。此外，在来自各汽筒的四条主通路3的汇流点，作为流路切换机构设有将各主通路3一同开闭的流路切换阀5。
另一方面，作为旁通流路，从各汽筒的各主通路3分别分支出通路截面积比该主通路3小的旁通路7。成为各旁通路7的上游端的分支点6尽量设定在主通路3的上游侧的位置。四条旁通路7在下游侧合流成一条流路，在其汇流点之后插装有使用三元催化剂的旁通催化剂转化器8。该旁通催化剂转化器8是比主催化剂转化器4容量小的小型转化器，其优选地使用低温活性优良的催化剂。从旁通催化剂转化器8的出口侧延伸的旁通路7的下游端与主通路3的主催化剂转化器4上游侧在汇流点12连接(使流路切换阀5位于汇流点12的上游侧)。
另外，在主催化剂转化器4的入口部和旁通催化剂转化器8的入口部分别配置有空燃比传感器10、11。
流路切换阀5、空燃比传感器10和11、节流阀16、燃料喷射阀17、火花塞18、EGR阀19及温度传感器21分别与控制器15连接。控制器基于检测出的内燃机温度、排气空燃比等来控制流路切换阀的开度、吸入空气量、燃料喷射量、点火时间以及EGR量等。
在这样的结构中，在冷起动后的内燃机温度乃至排气温度低的阶段，经由适当的促动器关闭流路切换阀5而阻断主通路3。因此，从各汽筒喷出的排气，其全部量从分支点6通过旁通路7流向旁通催化剂转化器8。由于旁通催化剂转化器8位于排气系统的上游侧即靠近排气口2的位置，而且是小型的部件，所以能够迅速活性化而提前开始排气净化。
另一方面，进行内燃机的预热，当内燃机温度乃至排气温度充分高后，则流路切换阀5开放。由此，从各汽筒喷出的排气主要从主通路3通过主催化剂转化器4。此时虽然旁通路7侧没有被阻断，但由于旁通路7侧一方的通路截面积比主通路3侧小且介在设有旁通催化剂转化器8，所以由于两者的通路阻力之差，使排气流的大部分通过主通路3侧，而几乎不流到旁通路7侧。因此，旁通催化剂转化器8的热劣化被充分抑制。
在此，如所述那样，当流路切换阀5开放主通路3时，由于主通路3的通路阻力小，所以排压急剧降低，在这样的状态下将产生转矩台阶差即转矩增大。另外，当流路切换阀5打开主通路3时，在从主通路3的分支点6到汇流点12之间滞留的接近空气的稀薄的排放气体流入下游的主催化剂转化器4中，所以主催化剂转化器4的排气空燃比暂时变稀，使三元催化剂的排气净化性能暂时降低。
因此，在本发明中，当流路切换阀5打开时，利用点火时间的滞后角等缓和转矩台阶差，并且利用燃料喷射流的增量来抑制排气空燃比的稀化。
图2是用于说明这样的各种动作的时间图，在该例中，表示常态运转过程中流路切换阀5打开的例子。另外，图中虚线是没有进行本发明的控制时的特性，实线是进行了本发明的控制时的特性。如图2(a)所示，在预热结束的阶段流路切换阀5打开，如图2(b)所示，排压减小。由此，如图2(c)所示，主催化剂转化器4入口的气体流量增加。其中，具体是由图2(c)的斜线表示的部分是从主通路3的分支点6到汇流点12之间滞留的气体引起的增加量。针对这样的变化，在本实施例中，如图2(e)的实线所示，点火时间暂时被滞后角修正，同时，吸气通路的未图示的电子控制型节流阀的开度暂时被减小修正。由此，如图2(d)的实线所示，进入吸气量减小。同时，如图2(f)的实线所示，未图示的排气回流装置中的排气回流率被增加修正。通过这样的修正，如图2(g)的实线所示，使内燃机的发生转矩变为没有转矩台阶差的平坦的特性。
进而，如图2(i)的实线所示，燃料喷射量暂时被增量修正，结果，如图2(h)的实线所示，使主催化剂转化器4入口的排气空燃比变为平坦的特性。即，内燃机的燃烧室的空燃比暂时变得比理论空燃比浓，从而抵消滞留的接近空气的气体的影响。由此，由主催化剂转化器4的三元催化剂获得良好的排气净化性能。
接着，图3是与图2相同的时间图，具体是表示内燃机的缓加速过程中流路切换阀5打开时的例子。该情况也与所述的图2的例子同样，利用点火时间的滞后角、进入吸气量的抑制、排气回流率的上升来缓和转矩台阶差，如图3(g)的实线所示，按驾驶员的要求使转矩缓慢上升。另外，利用燃料喷射流的增量来抑制主催化剂转化器4入口的排气空燃比的稀化。
另一方面，如上所述，虽然所述流路切换阀5基本上响应主催化剂转化器4预热即活性化而从关闭状态切换到打开状态，但即使在主催化剂转化器4活性化之前，当要求负载超过规定水平时，为了避免通气阻力导致转矩降低而切换到开状态。图4是表示其一例的时间图，分别对比来表示如下各项，即，图4(a)表示发动机转速，图4(b)表示车速，图4(c)表示踏板开度，图4(d)表示节流阀开度，图4(e)表示主催化剂转化器4的催化剂活性判定标记，图4(f)表示流路切换阀5的打开许可标记的状态，图4(g)表示流路切换阀5的开度。如图所示，当节流阀开度(或踏板开度)大于或等于某一开度后，则即使在催化剂活性之前，打开许可标记也变为1，而流路切换阀5打开。因此，排压降低，从而确保了要求转矩。此外，在没有检测出这样的高负载状态的情况下，在表示催化剂活性后的催化剂活性判定标记成为1的时刻，如虚线所示，流路切换阀5打开。
因此，本发明中，作为排气装置采用如下结构，即，与在下游侧设有主催化剂转化器的主通路的上游侧部分并列地设置旁通路，并且，在该旁通路上设有旁通催化剂转化器且在所述主通路的所述上游侧部分设有关闭该主通路的流路切换阀，在该结构中，当所述流路切换阀从关闭状态向打开状态切换时将点火时间向滞后角侧修正。
由此，内燃机的转矩暂时降低，从而缓和转矩台阶差。
例如，所述流路切换阀处于开状态时的主通路的通路阻力比旁通路的通路阻力小。在这样的情况下，虽然流路切换阀从关闭状态向打开状态切换时的排压变化大，但通过点火时间的滞后角修正而能够响应性良好地抑制转矩台阶差。
为了缓和转矩台阶差，进而也可以对节流阀开度暂时地进行减小修正。
或者，也可以对排气回流量暂时地进行增加修正。
另外，为避免在主通路滞留的接近空气的稀薄的排放气体流入主催化剂转化器而导致排气净化性能降低，进而还可以对燃料供给量暂时地进行增加修正。
例如，以抵消流路切换阀打开时的主催化剂转化器入口的排气空燃比的稀化的方式，根据吸入空气量将内燃机空燃比向浓侧修正。
由此，避免流路切换阀打开主通路时的排气空燃比的稀化，将排气空燃比维持为相当于理论空燃比，从而能够得到良好的排气净化性能。
在本发明的一种方式中，各个修正量与流路切换阀的开度的增加对应地变大。并且，当流路切换阀完全切换到开状态后，修正量再次减小。
按照本发明，在为了进行主通路和旁通路的流路切换而使开闭主通路侧的流路切换阀从关闭状态切换到打开状态时，不会产生由于排压变化而导致的大的转矩台阶差，此外，能够避免主催化剂转化器的排气净化性能的暂时降低。即，不会对驾驶性能和预热后的排气净化性能造成影响，从而能够谋求冷起动之后的排气净化性能的提高。

Claims (14)

1.一种内燃机的排气装置，在该排气装置中，与在下游侧设有主催化剂转化器的主通路的上游侧部分并列地设置有旁通路，并且在该旁通路上设置有旁通催化剂转化器，且在所述主通路的所述上游侧部分设置有用以关闭所述主通路的流路切换阀，其特征在于，设置有当所述流路切换阀从关闭状态向打开状态切换时将点火时间向滞后角侧修正的点火时间修正机构。
2.如权利要求1所述的内燃机的排气装置，其特征在于，所述流路切换阀处于打开状态时，所述主通路的通路阻力比所述旁通路的通路阻力小。
3.如权利要求2所述的内燃机的排气装置，其特征在于，对节流阀开度进行减小修正。
4.如权利要求2所述的内燃机的排气装置，其特征在于，对排气回流量进行增加修正。
5.如权利要求1～4的任一项所述的内燃机的排气装置，其特征在于，对燃料供给量进行增加修正。
6.如权利要求5所述的内燃机的排气装置，其中，以抵消所述流路切换阀打开时的所述主催化剂转化器入口的排气空燃比的稀化的方式，根据吸入空气量将内燃机空燃比向浓侧修正。
7.如权利要求6的任一项所述的内燃机的排气装置，其特征在于，各个修正量相应于所述流路切换阀开度的增加对应地变大。
8.一种内燃机的控制方法，该内燃机具有排气装置，在该排气装置中，与在下游侧设有主催化剂转化器的主通路的上游侧部分并列地设置有旁通路，并且在该旁通路上设置有旁通催化剂转化器，且在所述主通路的所述上游侧部分设置有关闭所述主通路的流路切换阀，其特征在于，当所述流路切换阀从关闭状态向打开状态切换时，将点火时间向滞后角侧修正。
9.如权利要求8所述的内燃机的控制方法，其特征在于，所述流路切换阀处于打开状态时，所述主通路的通路阻力比所述旁通路的通路阻力小。
10.如权利要求9所述的内燃机的控制方法，其特征在于，对节流阀开度进行减小修正。
11.如权利要求9的任一项所述的内燃机的控制方法，其特征在于，对排气回流量进行增加修正。
12.如权利要求8～11的任一项所述的内燃机的控制方法，其特征在于，对燃料供给量进行增加修正。
13.如权利要求12所述的内燃机的控制方法，其中，以抵消所述流路切换阀打开时的所述主催化剂转化器入口的排气空燃比的稀化的方式，根据吸入空气量将内燃机空燃比向浓侧修正。
14.如权利要求13的任一项所述的内燃机的控制方法，其特征在于，各个修正量相应于所述流路切换阀的开度的增加对应地变大。
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