CN1849149A - 用于去除支气管肺部分泌物的吸入阶段自动触发的吹入－呼出系统 - Google Patents

用于去除支气管肺部分泌物的吸入阶段自动触发的吹入－呼出系统 Download PDF

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CN1849149A
CN1849149A CNA200480025702XA CN200480025702A CN1849149A CN 1849149 A CN1849149 A CN 1849149A CN A200480025702X A CNA200480025702X A CN A200480025702XA CN 200480025702 A CN200480025702 A CN 200480025702A CN 1849149 A CN1849149 A CN 1849149A
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G·P·埃默森
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Abstract

一种用于去除支气管肺部分泌物的吸入阶段自动触发的改进吹入－呼出系统，其包括用于连接到患者气道的导管；带有正压端口和负压端口的压力源；选择性地将所述的导管连接到所述正压端口、负压端口和停顿端口的切换装置；用于检测患者的吸气的传感器系统；以及控制器系统，其用于驱动所述的切换装置依次将所述的导管连接到正压端口、负压端口和停顿端口并且当所述导管连接到所述的停顿端口时响应所述传感器系统检测到患者的吸气而再次返回到所述的正压端口。

Description

用于去除支气管肺部分泌 物的吸入阶段自动触发的吹入-呼出系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种改善的吸入阶段自动触发的吹入-呼出系统。
背景技术
使用带有负压的机械吹入和呼出(MI-E)系统来帮助患有无效咳嗽的患者将分泌物从呼吸道中去除是已知技术。可以从该技术获益的患者包括：小儿麻痹症后患者、肌营养不良患者、脊髓性肌萎缩症(SMA)患者、心脏手术后患者、肌萎缩性(脊髓)侧索硬化(ALS)患者、机械通风的患者，或者任何没有足够的肌力来产生使分泌物向气管支气管树上方移动所必需的高速呼出气流的人。该技术包括使用鼓风机和阀，其通过面罩、接口管(mouthpiece)或者气管适配器，交替地进行首先施加正压来使肺膨胀，然后快速地改变成负压来产生高速呼出气流。
在该装置自动运行期间，内阀执行施加到患者气道的一系列压力：首先用正压来膨胀肺，然后转换为负压来产生高速呼出气流。对于一次治疗，典型的是将该系列连续地重复多次(可以是2-6次)。每个阶段的时间安排可由用户进行调整。另外，该系列的开始通过用户启动开关来开始。供选择地，当处于手动模式时用户也可通过启动开关来开始每个阶段。
当前的MI-E装置的一个缺点是吸入阶段(提供正压来首先膨胀肺)的开始通过患者或者患者的护理人员启动开关来触发以开始循环。如果当患者呼气时该序列开始，或者患者未准备好从该装置吸入，该患者可能会感到首次吸入不舒服，并且甚至可能无意中妨碍气流进入肺中。这可能限制治疗的效果，因为充分地深吸气呼吸对于获得足够的呼出气流是必要的。典型的是，在治疗中护理人员必须“训练”患者，解释什么时候吸气，以避免发生该问题。供选择的是，为了在患者开始吸气时打开循环，护理人员观察患者的呼吸。当前装置的另一个缺点是其在非常小的小儿科患者、以及无意识或者不合作的患者身上难于使用，在这种情况下难以对这些患者解释什么时候开始吸气。
在正压呼吸器上已经使用了辅助模式，其通常借助于气管内管或者气管造口术管通过向气道施加正压来使患者“呼吸”。这种辅助模式还探测患者的吸气努力以触发呼吸器的呼吸输送。最近，用于对患有呼吸不足的患者提供支持的双水平持续气道正压(CPAP)装置的使用已经导致使用一些装置来探测患者什么时候开始吸气，从而确定什么时候来增加施加到气道的压力。
尽管使用正压呼吸器的自动辅助模式运转良好，但不容易将它们应用到吹入-呼出系统。在正压呼吸器中，用由患者吸气产生的轻微的负压或者气流来触发提供给患者的正压、呼吸或者吸气的输送。然后当患者向环境或者轻微的正压呼气时所述的正压停止。在此之后当患者再次吸气时检测到的下一次负压或者气流可以用于触发下一次正压的输送。与此相反，在吹入-呼出系统中，在吸气/正压之后出现的是呼出负压。在为负压所设的时间之后，该系统将返回正压，但是是在负压存在的基础上，这可能不是患者吸气产生的负压，从而与患者的正常呼吸不同步。
本发明的简要概述
因此本发明的一个目的是提供一种用于去除支气管肺部分泌物的改进的吹入-呼出系统。
本发明的另一个目的是提供这样一种改进的吹入-呼出系统，其可靠地自动触发吸入阶段。
本发明的另一个目的是提供这样一种吹入-呼出系统，其更易于与患者的自发性呼吸同步。
本发明的另一个目的是提供这样一种吹入-呼出系统，其为包括无意识的、不合作的、以及儿科患者在内的患者增加吸入量。
本发明的另一个目的是提供这样一种改进的吹入-呼出系统，其对于患者来说更舒适。
本发明源于意识到用于除去支气管肺部分泌物的吸入阶段自动触发的改进吹入-呼出系统可以通过仅仅在导管与停顿端口相连时当检测到患者的吸气之后，选择性地将患者呼吸导管连接到正压端口、负压端口和停顿端口来实现。
本发明的特征为一种用于除去支气管肺部分泌物的吸入阶段自动触发的改进的吹入-呼出系统。有一个连接到患者气道的导管，以及一个具有正压端口和负压端口的压力源。切换装置有选择地将所述的导管与正压端口、负压端口和停顿端口连接。传感器系统检测患者的吸气。控制器系统驱动所述切换装置依次将所述的导管连接到正压端口、负压端口和停顿端口并且当所述导管连接到所述的停顿端口时响应所述传感器系统检测到患者的吸气而再次返回到所述的正压端口。
在一个优选实施例中，所述的切换装置可以包括一个或多个选择器阀和启动器装置。所述的传感器系统可以包括位于所述导管中的压力传感器或气流探测器。所述的控制器系统包括程序计时器。
附图简要说明
通过下面对优选实施例和附图的描述，本领域技术人员将得到其他的目的、特征和优点，其中
图1是依据本发明的一种吹入-呼出系统的示意性框图。
图2和3是示出了该系统与患者气道的选择性连接的示意图。
图4示出了采用气流传感器的传感器系统的供选择实施例。
图5是图1中正/负压源的更详细的示意图；以及
图6是更详细地示出图5中程序计时器的示意图。
优选实施例的公开
除了下面公开的优选实方施例，本发明可以有其他实施例并且可以以不同的方式实施或执行。因此，应当理解本发明在其应用中不限于在下面说明书提出的或附图中示出的构造细节和部件设置。
在图1中示出了依据本发明的改进的吹入-呼出系统10，包括正/负压源12和导管14，通过该导管，其例如经过面罩18向患者16提供正压和负压。供选择的是，图2中导管14可以直接连接到气管造口术管20或者如图3所示，连接到气管内管22上。可以在导管14的不同位置采用细菌过滤器24。可以采用压力变换器或者压力开关26来检测导管14内的压力。当其检测到指示吸气的轻微负压时，其向压力源12提供信号以便提供正压气流来帮助患者16吸气并且经由线路28提供信号。供选择地，压力变换器或者压力开关26可以由图4中的气流传感器26a，或者其它可以检测患者16开始吸气的任何合适装置替代，如，电极、应变仪，或者可将胸带装置穿戴在或者环绕在患者的身体或者胸腔上以独立于患者气道内的实际气流特征而检测吸气开始。
图5中的压力源12可以包括传统的鼓风机30，其在吸入循环期间在管路32内正压端口34处提供正压并且在呼出期间在管路36内负压端口38处提供负压。配置停顿端口40来与环境或大气压力相连接，并且还可以包括流量限制器41来使传感器26在为诸如压力传感器或者压力开关时更灵敏。程序计时器42(见图5)驱动启动器装置或者启动器电机44，该启动器装置或者启动器电机44通过偏心驱动器46将滑动器阀50的摆动件48从正压端口34移动到负压端口38，然后移向停顿端口40。摆动件48在此处停留直到传感器26检测到患者吸气已经开始，此时该传感器26通过线路28向程序计时器42发送信号来再次操作启动器电机44移动滑动器开关50完成正压端口34、负压端口38和停顿端口40的循环。
程序计时器42可以包括计时器60(如图6所示)，其操作驱动器电路62，该驱动电路使启动器电机44步进通过摆动件48的三个位置：正压端口34、负压端口38和停顿端口40。计时器60(或驱动器62)的交替输出59指示何时驱动器62将摆动件48保持在停顿端口40处，并向与门66提供一个输入。当压力传感器26检测到患者吸气开始时，其也向与门66提供输入。当这两个输入都在与门66出现时，其通过线路28向计时器60提供输出以在将摆动件48连接到正压端口34的情况下再次使循环开始。
尽管本发明的具体特征在一些附图中示出而没有在其他附图中示出，这仅仅是为了方便，因为依据本发明每一特征可以与任何或者全部其他特征结合。在此使用的词“包括”、“包含”“具有”和“带有”应该广义地解释和理解并且不限于任何物理关联。而且，公开在主题申请中的任何实施例都不作为唯一的可能实施例。
本领域技术人员能够想到其他实施例并且这包含在下面的权利要求中：

Claims (7)

1.一种用于去除支气管肺部分泌物的改进的吹入-呼出系统，其吸入阶段自动触发，其包括：
用于连接到患者气道的导管；
带有正压端口和负压端口的压力源；
用于检测患者吸气的传感器系统；以及
控制器系统，其用于驱动所述的切换装置将所述导管依次连接到所述正压端口、所述负压端口和所述停顿端口并且当所述导管连接到所述的停顿端口时响应所述传感器系统检测到患者的吸气而再次返回到所述的正压端口。
2.如权利要求1所述的改进的吹入-呼出系统，其中所述的切换装置包括选择器阀和启动器装置。
3.如权利要求1所述的改进的吹入-呼出系统，其中所述的传感器系统包括位于所述导管中的压力传感器。
4.如权利要求1所述的改进的吹入-呼出系统，其中所述的传感器系统包括位于所述导管内的气流探测器。
5.如权利要求1所述的改进的吹入-呼出系统，其中所述的控制器系统包括程序计时器。
6.如权利要求1所述的改进的吹入-呼出系统，其中所述的停顿端口与大气压力相连。
7.如权利要求1所述的改进的吹入-呼出系统，其中所述的停顿端口包括限流器部分来增加灵敏性。
CNB200480025702XA 2003-09-08 2004-09-02 用于去除支气管肺部分泌物的吸入阶段自动触发的吹入-呼出系统 Expired - Fee Related CN100512899C (zh)

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US10/657,405 2003-09-08
US10/657,405 US6860265B1 (en) 2003-09-08 2003-09-08 Insufflation-exsufflation system for removal of broncho-pulmonary secretions with automatic triggering of inhalation phase

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CN100512899C CN100512899C (zh) 2009-07-15

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CN102573973A (zh) * 2009-10-16 2012-07-11 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 用于抽吸以从机械通气对象的气道去除分泌物的系统和方法
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CN104039378A (zh) * 2011-11-07 2014-09-10 皇家飞利浦有限公司 用于集成在通气机中的肺内叩击通气的系统与方法
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CN108273165A (zh) * 2017-12-27 2018-07-13 北京雅果科技有限公司 一种呼吸设备
CN109248349A (zh) * 2018-10-26 2019-01-22 济南普若培森智能科技有限公司 一种自启动式智能咳痰辅助装置及方法
CN111529867A (zh) * 2020-06-04 2020-08-14 濡新（北京）科技发展有限公司 一种咳嗽负压和咳嗽气流成比例的机械辅助咳痰方法及系统
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CN117167516B (zh) * 2023-11-02 2024-04-12 北京犀燃科技有限公司 一种旋转式高速气动阀

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US20050039749A1 (en) 2005-02-24
WO2005025477A3 (en) 2005-10-06
CA2537353A1 (en) 2005-03-24
JP2007504859A (ja) 2007-03-08
US6860265B1 (en) 2005-03-01
WO2005025477A2 (en) 2005-03-24
EP1663361B1 (en) 2012-01-04
CA2537353C (en) 2010-11-23
IL174058A (en) 2010-03-28
EP1663361A2 (en) 2006-06-07
IL174058A0 (en) 2006-08-01
ATE539787T1 (de) 2012-01-15
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