CN1841814A - 非水电解质电池 - Google Patents
非水电解质电池 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
提供一种轻量并且封口性能优越的非水电解质电池。其特征在于,在将由正极、负极和隔离两电极的隔膜构成的电极体和非水电解质收容在有底圆筒形外装罐内,所述有底圆筒形外装罐的开口侧端部通过垫圈被实施了夹紧封口,并且具有一端与所述正负电极的任意一方连接而另一端从所述有底圆筒外装罐的开口向电池外突出的电流输出端子的非水电解质电池中,所述电流输出端子具有凸缘部和在所述凸缘部的下侧的面上形成的楔状拐角部,在所述凸缘部的两面与所述垫圈接触,并且所述凸缘部的下侧被夹紧。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种以提高电池的轻量化和封口性能为目的的非水电解质电池的改良。
背景技术
近年来,随着携带电话、笔记本电脑、PDA等移动信息终端的小型-轻量化的急速发展,作为其驱动电源的电池也被进一步要求高容量化。由于锂离子二次电池所代表的非水电解质电池具有高能量密度,且容量高,所以被作为上述移动信息终端的驱动源而被广泛使用。
特别是在有底圆筒形的外装罐中插入了卷绕型电极体的电池,由于其正极和负极相对面积变大,容易释放出大的电流,所以在上述用途中被广泛使用。
这种圆筒形外装罐采用了被称为夹紧封口的方法,即将高分子制的垫圈扣合在外装罐开口侧端部,对该外装罐施加机械变形来从外部压缩垫圈,从而通过垫圈的斥力来将外装罐开口部进行封口。
而且,为了获得高的封口性能,通过进行加强压缩的开槽加工来从外装罐的外部紧固垫圈。通过该开槽加工对外装罐施加了压力来使其变形,从而形成环状槽。由于对位于该位置的垫圈施加了很强的压缩力,所以,作为其反作用会作用很强的斥力,通过该斥力来对外装罐开口部进行严密的封口。
然而,本发明的发明者们提出了专利文献1来作为进一步提高封口性能的技术。
(专利文献1)特愿2003-314703
如图4所示,该技术是在集电棒4与垫圈5接触的位置形成凸缘部4c的技术,由于根据该技术,凸缘部会抑制垫圈的斥力作用在无助于封口的方向上,所以,可以提高垫圈的斥力,从而飞跃提高封口性能。但是,对封口性能来说还有很大的改善余地。
本发明的发明者们为了进一步提高封口性能进行了锐意的研究。其结果可知,即使在形成了凸缘部的情况下,也会发生垫圈斥力的逃逸,从而无法获得足够的封口性能。
发明内容
本发明是基于以上的见解而完成的发明,其目的在于提供一种具有优越封口性能的非水电解质电池。
为了解决上述课题,在将由正极、负极和隔离两电极的隔膜构成的电极体和非水电解质收容在有底圆筒形外装罐内,所述有底圆筒形外装罐的开口侧端部通过垫圈被实施了夹紧封口,并且具有一端与所述正负电极的任意一方连接而另一端从所述有底圆筒外装罐的开口向电池外突出的电流输出端子的非水电解质电池中,所述电流输出端子具有柱部和从所述柱部向外方突出的凸缘部,所述凸缘部的上面和下面都与所述垫圈接触,并在与所述柱部和所述凸缘部交叉的下面形成有楔状拐角部,所述凸缘部下侧的柱部被夹紧。
专利文献1中提出的电池,如图4所示,由于凸缘部4c承受垫圈5的斥力,使电流输出端子4与垫圈5的密封性得到提高,所以,提高了其封口性能。但是,由于在夹紧封口之际进行开槽处理的时候,压力作用在凸缘部的下面和柱部的凸缘根基4b附近的垫圈上,会产生间隙7,所以无法获得足够的封口性能。
对此,本发明中,如图2所示,由于在专利文献1的技术中能够产生间隙的位置处,预先设置有楔状拐角部4d,所以不会产生间隙。因此,提高了封口性能。
在上述结构中,当将图2所示的楔状拐角部的长度设定为C1,楔状拐角部的高度设定为C2,凸缘部的长度设定为L,则可以形成下述构造,即C1≥0.2L且C2≥0.2L。
由于如果楔状拐角部的长度C1、高度C2过小,则很难充分获得上述效果,所以,优选通过上述方法进行限制。而且,如果楔状拐角部的长度C1在凸缘部长度L以下、楔状拐角部的高度C2是从凸缘部的下面到垫圈下面之间的直线距离以下,则可以获得足够的效果。但是,由于如果增大C1和C2,则会导致加工成本增高的问题,所以优选C1和C2都在0.7L以下,最好在0.5L以下。
(发明效果)
根据本发明的上述构成,可以在垫圈和电流输出端子之间不形成间隙,从而实现具有优越封口性能的非水电解质电池。
附图说明
图1(a)是实施例1的非水电解电池的外观图,图1(b)是图1(a)的局部剖视图。
图2是实施例1的电池的封口部分放大剖视图。
图3是实施例2的电池的封口部分放大剖视图。
图4是比较例1的电池的封口部分放大剖视图。
图中:1-正极,2-负极,3-隔膜,4-负极集电棒,5-垫圈,6-外装罐,7-间隙。
具体实施方式
基于附图,来说明用于实施本发明的最佳方式。图1(a)是本发明的实施方式的非水电解质二次电池的外观图,图1(b)是图1(a)的局部剖视图,图2是负极集电棒的局部剖视图。另外,本发明在不改变其主旨的范围内可以进行适当的变更。
(实施方式)
如图1所示,本发明的非水电解质二次电池具有电极体,该电极体配置在外装罐6内。上述电极体是通过将正极1、负极2和隔离这两个电极的隔膜3卷绕成蜗旋状而制造的。而且,上述正极与上述外装罐6电连接,上述负极如图2所示,与和垫圈5一体成型并具有凸缘部4c的负极集电棒(电流输出端子)4电连接,来将电池内的化学能转换成电能向外部供应。
而且,负极集电棒的柱部如图2所示,由兼作卷绕中心的卷轴体4a和形成有凸缘部并承受垫圈斥力的凸缘根基4b构成,为了高效率地缠绕电极,卷轴体比凸缘根基细。而且,外装罐3的开口部扣合有比凸缘部靠向下侧的垫圈,通过夹紧封口从外部来压缩垫圈,从而利用垫圈的斥力来实现密封。另外,在凸缘部4c的罐体侧的面上形成有楔形拐角部4d。
(实施例1)
(正极的制作)
将碳酸锂和四氧化三钴混合并在900℃下烧成的钴酸锂(LiCoO2)92重量部、由乙炔黑构成的导电剂3质量部、由聚偏氟乙烯(PVdF)构成的粘结剂5质量部、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)混合,来形成活性物质浆料。
通过刮刀法,将该活性物质浆料均匀地涂抹在由厚度20μm的铝箔构成的正极芯体的两面后,使其从加热的干燥机中通过,来进行干燥,由此来除去浆料制作时所必须的有机溶剂。接着,通过滚压机将该极板压成厚度为0.17mm来制作正极。之后,以宽度36×长度70mm的标准进行切断,来获得正极板。
(负极的制作)
将由石墨构成的负极活性物质98质量部、由苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶(SBR)构成的粘结剂1质量部、由羧甲基纤维素(CMC)构成的增粘剂1质量部和水混合,来形成活性物质浆料。通过刮刀法,将该活性物质浆料均匀地涂抹在作为负极芯体的铜箔(厚度10μm)的两面后,使其从干燥机中通过来对其进行干燥,由此,除去浆料制作时所必须的水。接着,通过滚压机将该极板压延成厚度为0.15mm来制作负极。之后,以宽度40×长度75mm的标准进行切断,来获得负极板。
(电解液的调制)
在碳酸乙烯酯(EC)和碳酸二甲酯(DMC)以质量比3∶7混合的混合溶剂中,溶解作为电解质盐的LiPF6来制作浓度为1M(mol/l)的电解液。
(隔膜的准备)
将聚乙烯制的多孔性膜(厚度0.025mm)按宽度44×长度170mm来进行切断,并进行干燥作为隔膜。
(电极体的制作)
在通过上述方法制成的负极板上安装不锈钢制负极集电棒4,所述不锈钢制负极集电棒4如图2所示,具有:由圆筒形的卷轴体4a和凸缘根基4b构成的柱部,和剖面为圆形的凸缘部4c,并且在凸缘部的下面形成有楔状拐角部4d,而且镶嵌成型有四氟乙烯-全氟烷氧基乙烯基共聚物(旭硝子制:62XP)制的垫圈5。然后,将隔膜3设置在正极板1和负极板2之间,并且使各极板的宽度方向的中心线相一致地重叠正极板1和负极板2。然后,利用卷绕机以兼作卷轴的负极集电棒4为中心进行卷绕,并通过用胶带固定最外周来制成卷绕电极体。
另外,凸缘部的长度L为1.5mm,楔状拐角部的长度C1和楔状拐角部的高度C2都为0.3mm。而且,楔状拐角部的剖面呈直线状。另外,如图2所示,为了提高集电棒4的体积能量密度,其卷轴体4a的直径形成得比凸缘根基4b的直径小。
将该电极体1进行干燥之后,在厚度为0.30mm的铝制外装罐6内注入500mm电解液,然后插入电极体。之后,将高分子制垫圈5扣合,并通过夹紧封口来制作实施例1的非水电解质二次电池,该非水电解质二次电池的标准为:总高度55mm×直径6mm,公称容量120mAh。
(实施例2)
如图3所示,制作了实施例2的非水电解质二次电池,其与上述实施例1不同之处在于,凸缘部的长度L为1.5mm,楔状拐角部的长度C1和楔状拐角部的高度C2都为0.7mm。
(比较例1)
制作了比较例1的非水电解质二次电池,其与上述实施例1不同之处在于,凸缘部的长度L为1.5mm,且没有形成楔状拐角部。
(热冲击试验)
将上述各电池以恒定电流1It(120mA)充电至4.2V,之后以恒定电压4.2V充电至0.02It(2.4mA)。然后,实施120次、240次的热冲击循环,所述热冲击循环是在70℃下保存30分钟之后,在-30℃下保持30分钟的循环,并测定实验前后的质量变化,来数出质量减少了的电池个数。其结果如下述表1所示。其中,用于检测的各电池俱为10个。
表1
楔状拐角部 | 120次质量减少的个数 | 240次质量减少的个数 | |
实施例1 | 0.3mm | 0 | 0 |
实施例2 | 0.7mm | 0 | 0 |
比较例1 | 无 | 2 | 3 |
根据表1可知,使用了在凸缘部4c的下面形成有楔状拐角部4d的负极集电棒的电池,即使进行了240次热冲击循环,也没有质量减少的。另一方面,使用了如图4所示,没有在凸缘部4c的下面设置楔状拐角部的负极集电棒的电池,在120次的热冲击循环之后,10个电池中有两个质量减少,而在240次热冲击循化之后,10个中有3个发生质量减少。
其原因可以认为如下所述。如图4所示,当在凸缘部的下面没有形成楔状拐角部的情况下,由于夹紧封口的开槽处理对垫圈5施加压力,会在垫圈和凸缘部4c之间形成间隙7,所以电池的封口性能降低。因此,如果进行热冲击循环,则由于斥力逃逸而使密封性下降,从而导致电解液渗漏,使得质量减少。
另一方面,如图2、图3所示,如果在凸缘部4c的下面形成有楔状拐角部4d,则由于该楔状拐角部填补了间隙,所以电解液不会渗漏,从而可以得到具有优越封口性能的电池。
(其他事项)
为了实现电池的轻量化,优选使用铝或铝合金来作为外装体材料。
而且,优选使用具有适当的斥力,并且不会被有机溶剂腐蚀的高分子作为垫圈材料。该材料可列举有:四氟乙烯-全氟烷氧基乙烯基共聚物(PFA)、丙烯(PP)、橡胶(EPDM)。
而且,在上述实施例中,将楔状拐角部的长度C1和楔状拐角部的高度C2设定相同,但也可以不同。并且,楔状拐角部的剖面也可以不是图2所示的直线状。
另外,也可以将负极集电棒的卷轴体和凸缘根基的直径设置为相同。
工业利用性
如上述说明所述,根据本发明,可以提供轻量并且封口性能优越的非水电解质电池。
Claims (2)
1.一种非水电解质电池,在将由正极、负极和隔离两电极的隔膜构成的电极体和非水电解质收容在有底圆筒形外装罐内,所述有底圆筒形外装罐的开口侧端部通过垫圈被实施了夹紧封口,并且具有一端与所述正负电极的任意一方连接而另一端从所述有底圆筒外装罐的开口向电池外突出的电流输出端子,
所述电流输出端子具有柱部和从所述柱部向外方突出的凸缘部,
所述凸缘部的上面和下面都与所述垫圈接触,
并在所述柱部和所述凸缘部交叉的下面形成有楔状拐角部,
所述凸缘部下侧的柱部被夹紧。
2.根据权利要求1所述的非水电解质电池,其特征在于,当所述楔状拐角部的长度设定为C1,所述楔状拐角部的高度设定为C2,所述凸缘部的长度设定为L时,C1≥0.2L且C2≥0.2L。
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US7833647B2 (en) | 2004-04-28 | 2010-11-16 | Eveready Battery Company, Inc. | Closure vent seal and assembly |
US7687189B2 (en) | 2004-04-28 | 2010-03-30 | Eveready Battery Company, Inc. | Housing for a sealed electrochemical battery cell |
US8147999B2 (en) | 2008-06-11 | 2012-04-03 | Eveready Battery Company, Inc. | Closure assembly with low vapor transmission for electrochemical cell |
KR102235281B1 (ko) * | 2014-09-12 | 2021-04-02 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 이차 전지 |
CN109742467A (zh) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-05-10 | 李晓亮 | 速充电池 |
JP7497970B2 (ja) | 2019-11-22 | 2024-06-11 | マクセル株式会社 | 全固体電池 |
CN115699384A (zh) | 2020-05-22 | 2023-02-03 | 杜拉塞尔美国经营公司 | 用于电池单元的密封组件 |
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JP3016065B2 (ja) * | 1995-11-10 | 2000-03-06 | 古河電池株式会社 | 円筒形ニッケル・水素二次電池の製造方法 |
JP3403090B2 (ja) * | 1998-09-18 | 2003-05-06 | キヤノン株式会社 | 多孔質構造の金属酸化物、電極構造体、二次電池及びこれらの製造方法 |
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CN106471651B (zh) * | 2014-07-11 | 2019-08-06 | 株式会社Lg 化学 | 二次电池的正极材料及其制备方法 |
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