CN1833126A - 用于控制汽车自动变速器的起动离合器的操作致动器的方法 - Google Patents

用于控制汽车自动变速器的起动离合器的操作致动器的方法 Download PDF

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CN1833126A
CN1833126A CNA2004800223273A CN200480022327A CN1833126A CN 1833126 A CN1833126 A CN 1833126A CN A2004800223273 A CNA2004800223273 A CN A2004800223273A CN 200480022327 A CN200480022327 A CN 200480022327A CN 1833126 A CN1833126 A CN 1833126A
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actuator
clutch
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starting
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CN100458234C (zh
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威廉·哈德特尔
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/18009Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18036Reversing
    • B60W30/18045Rocking, i.e. fast change between forward and reverse
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D48/00External control of clutches
    • F16D48/06Control by electric or electronic means, e.g. of fluid pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D48/00External control of clutches
    • F16D48/06Control by electric or electronic means, e.g. of fluid pressure
    • F16D48/066Control of fluid pressure, e.g. using an accumulator
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2520/00Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
    • B60W2520/06Direction of travel
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2520/00Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
    • B60W2520/10Longitudinal speed
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2520/00Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16D2500/10406Clutch position
    • F16D2500/10412Transmission line of a vehicle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16D2500/30Signal inputs
    • F16D2500/308Signal inputs from the transmission
    • F16D2500/30806Engaged transmission ratio
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16D2500/3107Vehicle weight
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16D2500/00External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
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    • F16D2500/3108Vehicle speed
    • F16D2500/3111Standing still, i.e. signal detecting when the vehicle is standing still or bellow a certain limit speed
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16D2500/3114Vehicle wheels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16D2500/312External to the vehicle
    • F16D2500/3125Driving resistance, i.e. external factors having an influence in the traction force, e.g. road friction, air resistance, road slope
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16D2500/3128Distance from the vehicle to an external element, e.g. to an obstacle, to an other vehicle or a target
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16D2500/3144Accelerator pedal position
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16D2500/00External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16D2500/70258Throttle
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16D2500/00External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/70Details about the implementation of the control system
    • F16D2500/704Output parameters from the control unit; Target parameters to be controlled
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    • F16D2500/70438From the output shaft
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H2312/00Driving activities
    • F16H2312/08Rocking
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/68Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for stepped gearings
    • F16H61/682Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for stepped gearings with interruption of drive

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  • Hydraulic Clutches, Magnetic Clutches, Fluid Clutches, And Fluid Joints (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及控制汽车自动变速器的起动离合器的操作致动器的方法,其中由控制器控制致动器,使得在存在起动愿望以及在挂入变速器传动比的情况下使起动离合器闭合,并且打开起动离合器以结束起动过程。为通过汽车的自由摇晃过程使汽车脱离车道障碍物,在起动过程中,通过控制操作致动器来全自动操作起动离合器,使由其传递的扭矩(MK)周期性波动。

Description

用于控制汽车自动变速器的起动离合器的操作致动器的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及根据专利根据权利要求1前序部分的、用于控制汽车自动变速器的起动离合器的操作致动器的方法。
背景技术
至少对汽车驾驶员来说,通常公知的是,在操作这种汽车时会出现汽车由于车道状况差而不能移动的运行情况。在这方面可以设想例如陷在深雪里、松的沙子里或者较短且深的车道漏洞里。
有经验的带可手动操作的变速器的常规汽车驾驶员通常可通过所谓的“自由摇晃”摆脱这种困境。
在此在汽车不动且汽车发动机运转的情况下,首先踩下离合器踏板,挂入一个变速器档位并随后松开离合器踏板。这样汽车就会移动,直到作用在汽车上的与行驶方向相反的力大到驾驶员必须重新踩下离合器踏板,以防止汽车发动机熄火为止。然后汽车往回运动经过其原始位置,直到其在反方向上被车道障碍物减速到停止不动为止。此刻驾驶员在挂档情况下重新松开离合器踏板,从而汽车在其下一次起动尝试时以更大的加速和更高的速度尝试通过车道障碍物。一直重复该自由摇晃过程,直到汽车脱离困境或者放弃该方法为止。
通过交替地和与汽车的“前-后摇晃”同步地挂上前进档和倒档,熟练的驾驶员还可以加强这种做法的效果。
在带有自动变速器的汽车的情况下,但特别在使用带有可自动操作的起动离合器的有级离合器情况下,克服这种车道障碍物就会稍难一些,因为现在驾驶员不能直接影响起动离合器和换档离合器的操作。
因此,从DE 101 28 853 A1中已知一种带有自动双离合器变速器的汽车,在上述自动摇晃阶段借助特别的装置使用所述离合器,并且所述离合器在所述阶段是可以手动控制的。
为此,根据现有技术,在双离合器变速器情况下,为执行自由摇晃运行,既挂入变速器的前进档,也挂入变速器的倒档。因此,交替接合和脱开该动力换档变速器的两个离合器,使得汽车在车道障碍物上可被短暂地向前并然后短暂地向后驱动。为此,用操作装置帮助汽车驾驶员,使其能用操作装置手动且根据预设控制离合器操作并从而还可控制汽车的向前和向后行驶。
该操作装置可以是用于发出改变传动比愿望和/或行驶档位愿望的换档装置的组成部件,可以通过预先操作特别的开关将换档装置转换到“自由摇晃控制状态”。但最好使用一个换档装置,利用该换档装置可使变速器档位顺序向高或向低转换。
虽然该具有优点的已知装置可用于自动双离合器变速器,但其也有缺点,即不是自动执行自由摇晃运行,而是必须由汽车驾驶员手动熟练控制。特别对于不太熟练的汽车驾驶员来说,这会产生问题,即他们虽然有用于“自由摇晃”地装置可用,但却无法操作实现目的。
此外,在自动变速器情况不能使用该以常规变速器为基础的“自由摇晃装置”。
发明内容
在这种情况下,本发明给出带有自动变速器的汽车如何克服所述车道困境的方案。在此与现有技术不同,基本上放弃了手动影响自由摇晃过程,以使没有经验的汽车驾驶员也能使用这种方案。但尽管如此,还应该有手动操作方式。
独立权利要求的特征给出了该任务的解决方案,从属权利要求给出了本发明的有利设计方案和改进方案。
本发明的基础是,认识到通过熟练地、与汽车和车道障碍物的边界条件一致地向闭合和打开方向反复操作起动离合器,可以产生希望的汽车自由摇晃运动并用其实现目的。
相应地,建议了控制汽车自动变速器的起动离合器的操作致动器的方法,其中由控制器控制致动器,使得在存在起动愿望以及在挂入变速器传动比的情况下使起动离合器闭合,并且打开起动离合器以结束起动过程。此外,在起动过程中,为产生自由摇晃运动,通过控制操作致动器来操作起动离合器,使由其传递的扭矩M_K周期性波动。
在此,该周期性波动在计算上适应汽车和刚好当前的车道障碍物,使汽车能够自动克服该障碍物。特别地,在此作为参数,优选考虑车速,汽车质量,车轮半径,车轮的地面附着,和在该摇晃摆脱情况下与各个行驶方向相反地作用在汽车上且受车道障碍物影响的力。
此外有利的是,在操作致动器或者起动离合器的该周期性运行过程中,变速器传动比保持不变,从而这种自由摇晃过程不会明显增大自动变速器同步构件的磨损。
最好直到借助合适的传感器确定了行驶速度非常低或者为零并且至少汽车驱动轮之一的打滑超过预定阀值时,才开始离合器的周期性操作。该边界条件考虑了例如陷在深雪或者松沙里的汽车。
本发明的另一个方案是,当由控制器事先确定行驶速度非常低或者为零并且与车轮驱动力矩M_Z相反作用的力超过预定的阀值时,才执行周期性运行。通过该措施,例如考虑了汽车被卡在较深的车道凹陷内的运行情况。
在本发明的另一个实施形式中,当控制器事先确定汽车乘客操作用于启动周期性运行的操作元件时,才执行离合器致动器和从而执行起动离合器的周期性运行。由此与力求使汽车全自动地摇晃摆脱障碍物不同,驾驶员可通过单独施加影响来执行该周期性运行。
在选择了手动运行模式后,例如当驾驶员为调整汽车发动机功率而将加速踏板踩下超过预定的调整角度时,才解除该周期性运行。该调整角度值可以是技术人员公知的称为“强制降档位置”的调整角度。如果加速踏板返回到小于该强制降档偏转角,则控制器自动结束离合器致动器的周期性操作。
为进一步手动影响自由摇晃过程,可通过另外的、单独的操作元件上的或者加速踏板上的装置设置致动器或者起动离合器的周期性运行的操作频率。
优选地在控制器内另外存储算法,利用该算法,通过分析行驶速度、操作元件和/或加速踏板的调整方向、调整行程和/或调整速度,至少可计算致动器的操作频率。
最后应该说明,根据本发明的控制方法及其实施形式特别适用于控制自动变速器。
附图说明
说明书附图用于解释上下文。其中:
图1为简图,其中绘出了在加速踏板的调整行程S上的离合器力矩M_K,
图2为简图,其中绘出了在时间t上汽车或者车轮的牵引力矩M_Z。
具体实施方式
图1表明,起动离合器在较大的加速踏板偏转角S范围上,受通常的离合器控制功能控制,用于起动过程或操纵过程。
但在根据本发明的控制方法的手动操作方式情况下,一旦汽车驾驶员使加速踏板偏转到偏转角为最大调整行程的90%的“强制降档位置”时,通过相应地周期性操纵离合器致动器,使起动离合器交替地打开并重新闭合。如两个垂直方向箭头所示,只要加速踏板偏转超过“强制降档位置”并且尚未通过障碍物,就一直保持该该自由摇晃-控制运行。
图2表明,控制器可根据开始所述的汽车和车道特有的以及借助合适的传感器测得的边界条件,例如用操作频率F1控制离合器致动器。在此自由摇晃频率的幅值可以是通过车道障碍物必需的、由离合器最后传递到汽车驱动轮上的离合器力矩M_K,或者是汽车的牵引力矩M_Z。
但如果在自由摇晃过程中,要考虑的边界条件改变了,那么这可导致调整用于合理操纵起动离合器的频率F1。
在该操作方式情况下,驾驶员可以独立控制什么时间需要开始和结束自由摇晃运行。

Claims (12)

1.用于控制汽车自动变速器的起动离合器的操作致动器的方法,其中由控制器这样控制致动器,使得在存在起动愿望以及在挂入变速器传动比的情况下使起动离合器闭合,并且为了结束起动过程而打开起动离合器,其特征在于,在起动过程中,通过控制操作致动器来令起动离合器这样运行,使由其传递的扭矩(M_K)周期性波动。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,离合器致动器的周期性操作适应汽车和当前车道障碍物的特性,使汽车能够全自动地克服该障碍物。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中,为确定离合器致动器的周期性操作,考虑车速,汽车质量,车轮半径,车轮的地面附着,和/或在该摇晃摆脱情况下与各个行驶方向相反地作用在汽车上且受车道障碍物影响的力。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,在操作致动器或者起动离合器的周期性运行过程中,变速器传动比保持不变。
5.根据前述权利要求中至少一项的方法,其中,当控制器事先确定行驶速度非常低或者为零并且至少汽车驱动轮之一的打滑超过预定阀值时,周期性运行才进行。
6.根据前述权利要求中至少一项的方法,其中,当行驶速度非常低或者为零,并且控制器事先确定与车轮驱动力矩(M_Z)相反作用的力超过预定的阀值时,才执行周期性运行。
7.根据前述权利要求中至少一项的方法,其中,当控制器事先确定汽车乘客操作用于启动周期性运行的操作元件时,周期性运行才进行。
8.根据前述权利要求中至少一项的方法,其中,通过操作元件上的装置选择致动器或者离合器的周期性运行的操作频率。
9.根据前述权利要求中至少一项的方法,其中,通过分析行驶速度、操作元件的调整方向、调整行程和/或调整速度,计算操作频率。
10.根据前述权利要求中至少一项的方法,其中,把汽车发动机的加速踏板用作操作元件。
11.根据前述权利要求中至少一项的方法,其中,当为调整汽车发动机功率而使加速踏板偏转超过预定的调整角度(强制降档位置)时,才解除该周期性运行。
12.根据前述权利要求中至少一项的方法,其中,该方法用于控制自动变速器。
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