CN1821578B - 压缩机诊断系统 - Google Patents
压缩机诊断系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1821578B CN1821578B CN2006100596458A CN200610059645A CN1821578B CN 1821578 B CN1821578 B CN 1821578B CN 2006100596458 A CN2006100596458 A CN 2006100596458A CN 200610059645 A CN200610059645 A CN 200610059645A CN 1821578 B CN1821578 B CN 1821578B
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Abstract
一个制冷/空调系统包括一个压缩机,压缩机有一个电机保护器,当检测到一个超出规定的运行状态时,保护器就关断压缩机电机。一个制冷/空调系统的诊断系统监视电机保护器的状态。诊断系统包括逻辑电路,它根据与跳闸电机保护器的时间和状态相连系的电机运行时间和状态诊断压缩机或系统的问题的类型。诊断系统还包括一个排放压力检测器或冷凝器温度检测器,环境温度检测器和电压检测器。各个检测器把信息提供给诊断系统,使它能确定系统发生的故障。
Description
本申请是申请日为2002年3月27日的中国专利申请No.02121539.1的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一个制冷器或空调器的诊断系统。尤其是,本发明涉及这样一个制冷器或空调器的诊断系统,它使用不同的操作特征和压缩机的“跳闸”信息去诊断制冷器或空调器有关的问题。
背景技术
有一种机器属于一般公知的卷轴机技术,卷轴机被用于各种型式的流体位移。这些卷轴机可被做成膨胀器,位移器,泵,压缩机等等。本发明的特点可适用于任何一种这类机器。不过,为了说明方便,这里所公开的实施例,仅是制冷器或空调器中的密封制冷卷轴压缩机。
卷轴压缩机越来越普遍地被用于制冷或空调中的压缩机,主要是因为它们的极有效的操作性能。通常,这些机器包括一对内部啮合的螺旋形套,其中一个绕另一个旋转,从而形成一个或多个移动小室,这些小室随着从外部吸入口到中心排出口的移动在尺寸上逐渐变小。一个电机,通过加接到电机转子上的合适的驱动轴,驱动旋转卷轴部件。在密封压缩机中,密封外壳的底部通常有一个贮油槽供润滑和冷却之用。本发明的诊断器是和卷轴压缩机一起被描述的,可以理解,本发明的诊断器也可用于其它型式的压缩机。
按照惯例,当一个空调机或制冷器不按设计要求运行的时候,一个技术员就被叫到现场去排除故障。技术员进行一系列的检查,有助于查出设备的故障。设备出问题的原因之一可能是设备中用的压缩机出了问题。一个故障压缩机表现出某种运行方式,这种运行方式可被用于检测,以判断压缩机是出故障的。不幸的是,许多设备出问题的其它原因起因于设备中的其它部件,这些其它原因也能影响压缩机的性能和它的运行方式。当事实上问题出在别处而压缩机没有问题的时候,却可能分析设备的问题和运行方式并确定压缩机出了故障。这种原因的混淆经常导致替换一个好的压缩机。这种误诊断代价是很高的,因为压缩机通常是设备中价格最高的部件。更严重的是设备出问题的根本原因没有被解决,问题迟早会再发生。如上所述,任何有助于避免设备问题的误诊断的工具都证明是有用的并具有好的成本效果比。本发明公开了一种系统,它增加了对空调机或制冷器的问题诊断的精确性。
在空调机和制冷器中使用的大部分压缩机都内装有保护器,称做“内部线断路保护器”。这些保护器是热敏感元件,它们用导线与电动机串联。保护器热反应于电动机引起的线电流并且也反应于压缩机内的其它温度,包括但不局限于排出气体温度,吸入气体温度或压缩机内特殊部件的温度。当这些温度之一超过一个设定门限值,保护器将断开与电机的电连接。这样关闭了操作压缩机的电动机,然后又关闭压缩机,从而防止压缩机工作在引起它出故障的区域。一般时间以后,当温度下降到安全值以下,保护器自动复原,压缩机再次运行。保护器做出反应的温度是压缩机和整个制冷器或空调机运行的结果。或者压缩机运行或者整个设备运行都会影响保护器检测的温度。保护系统的重要方向是,某种故障频繁使保护器跳闸,压缩机运行时间很短,另一类故障使保护器跳闸频率较低,从而使压缩机接通时间较长。例如,一种具有卡住支架的压缩机是在压缩机接通约20秒或更少的时间内使保护器跳闸,而另一方面,一个具有很低的制冷注液的设备将在大于压缩机接通90分钟以后使保护器跳闸。分折跳闸频率、跳闸复原时间和压缩机接通时间将提供辨别设备出问题的原因的有用线索。
发明内容
本发明是根据这一原理提供一种系统。本发明的系统连续记录作为时间函数的保护器的状态(打开或关闭),然后分析这个状态信息以确定故障的部位。该系统进一步查出故障是在压缩机上或在设备的其它部件上。一旦故障被查出,该系统将启动一个视觉指示器(灯)并发送一个电信号到任何一个智能设备(控制器,计算机等等),报告故障情况。技术员赶到出事现场,然后他有一个清楚的指示,问题最可能出在设备的某些部件而不是压缩机,或者问题最可能出在压缩机。然后,他可以集中对已识别的区域进行故障检修。设备因此避免了上述混淆诊断的情况,避免了错误替换一个好的压缩机的可能性。
除了保护器的状态,传感器也收集附加信息,以监测制冷器的其它运行特性,例如电源电压和室外环境温度。这个附加信息可被用于进一步诊断制冷器和空调器有关的问题。
从下面详细描述可以看到本发明的适用性领域将是明显的。应该理解,这些详细描述和特例,当指出本发明最佳实施例时,仅是为说明方便而采用,这些特例不限制本发明的保护范围。
附图说明
通过下面的详细描述和附图本发明将可被更充分地理解。
图1是密封卷轴压缩机的纵截面图,它包括本发明有关的独特的压缩机诊断系统;
图2是用于本发明压缩机的一个单相电机的诊断系统的原理图;
图3本发明另一实施例的压缩机的一个三相电机的诊断系统的原理图;
图4是本发明压缩机的单相电机的诊断系统的流程图;
图5是本发明压缩机的三相电机和诊断系统的流程图;
图6是诊断一个压缩机时的流程图;
图7是本发明的典型使用压缩机的制冷系统和诊断系统的一个原理图;
图8是本发明另一实施例中和诊断系统电路结合成一体的接触器的透视图;
图9是解释图8的接触器电路的一个原理图;
图10是本发明另一个实施例中解释诊断系统电路的一个压缩机插头的原理图;
图11是本发明另一实施例的压缩机的诊断系统的流程图;
图12是一个图表,它根据跳闸以前的接通时间指示可能的设备故障;
图13是曲线图,它表示电流和致冷器温度的关系曲线。
图14是曲线图,它表示百分比运行时间和户外环境温度的关系曲线。
图15是本发明的诊断系统的原理图解。
具体实施方式
下面描述的最佳实施例实质上只是一些例子,并不限制本发明,不限制本发明的应用或使用。
现在参考附图,其中,在所有视图中相同的参考数字标明相同或对应的部分,图1表示一个卷轴压缩机,它包括本发明独特的压缩机诊断系统,它用参考数字10标明。虽然压缩机10被解释成和制冷器或空调机连在一起的卷轴压缩机,也在本发明的范围内的是,使用制冷器或空调机中其它形式的压缩机,和任何一种和其它形式的设备连在一起的压缩机设计。
卷轴压缩机10包括一个圆筒形密封外壳12它有一个焊在其上端的盖14,在其下端有基座16,它具有多个安装腿(未示出)形成一体。盖14有一个制冷排放配件18,它通常有排放阀安排在其中。一个横向延伸的隔板20通过绕周边焊接而被固定到外壳12上,在同一处盖14被焊接到外壳12上。压缩机安装支架22被压配在外壳12中,它被基座16的端部支撑。基座16的直径略小于外壳12,从而基座16可以被接收在外壳12之中并被焊接在其圆周边上,如图1所示。
固定到支架22上的压缩机10的主要元件包括两片主要支承罩组件24,一个低支承罩26和一个电机定子28。一个驱动轴或曲柄轴30,在其上端具有一个偏心的曲柄销32,轴颈可旋转地安排在一个支架34中,支架34被固定在主支承罩组件24内和一个第二支架36中,它固定在下支架罩26中。曲柄轴30的下端有一个比较大直径的同心孔38,它和一个径向向外安排的小直径孔40相连通,孔40向上延伸到曲柄轴30的顶部。外壳12内部的较低部分形成一个贮油槽44,它装满润滑油到稍高于轴子下端的一个水平上,孔38起一个泵的作用,抽润滑油液体向上到曲柄轴30,进入孔40,最后泵送润滑油到压缩机10所需要润滑的各个部分。
曲柄轴30被一个电机旋转驱动,电机包括定子28,穿过定子的绕组46,和一个被压装在曲柄轴30中的转子48。一个上配重50固定在曲柄轴30上,一个下配重52被固定在转子48上。一个温度保护器54是普通型的,它被安排在极接近电机绕组46的地方。如果温度保护器54超过它的正常温度范围,温度保护器54将使电机断电。温度保护器54可以被电机绕组46加热,被在吸收室56中的吸气加热,和/或被在排气室58中的排气加热,排出的气被释放进入吸气室56。吸收室56和排放室58两者都由外壳12,盖14,基座16和隔板22限定,如图1所示。
两片主要支承罩组件24的上表面具有一个平的推力支撑表面,其上安排一个旋转卷轴元件60,它具有通常螺旋形叶片或套62,套62从端板64向上延伸。从旋转卷轴元件60的端板64的下表面向下凸出的是一个圆筒形轮轴66,它有一个枢轴支承,被可旋转地设置,一个驱动套管68,套管68有一个内孔,孔中曲柄销32被传动地配置。曲柄销32一个表面是平的,它驱动地与驱动套管68的内孔的一个部分中形成的一个平面接合,以提供一个径向依从的驱动系统如美国专利文献4,877,382中所示,这是把它的公开引入作为参考,一个Oldham联接器70被安排旋转卷轴元件60和两片支承罩组件24之间。Oldham联接器被用键固定到旋转卷轴元件60上和一个非旋转卷轴元件72上,以防止旋转卷轴元件60的旋转运动。
不旋转卷轴元件72也具一个套74,它从端板76向下延伸,端板76安排与旋转卷轴元件60的套62接合。不旋转卷轴元件72有一个中心安排的排放孔78,它与一个向上开口凹槽80连接,凹槽80又与排放室58连接。一个环状凹槽82也形成在不旋转卷轴元件72中,在其中安排了一个浮动密封组件84。
凹槽80和82和浮动密封组件84共同形成轴向压缩偏移室,它接收被套62和74压缩的压缩液体,从而施加一个轴向偏置力到不旋转卷轴元件72上,以分别推动套62和74的端部,去和端板76和64的相对端表面密封接合。美国专利5,156,639中较详细描述的是较好类型的浮动密封组件,这里把它的公开引入作为参考。不旋转卷轴元件72被设计安装,以便以合适的方式相对于两片主要支承罩组件24作有限的轴向运动,如前述美国专利4,877,382,或美国专利5,102,316中所公开的那样,这里引入这两个公开文件作为参考。
压缩机10被供电,电通过一个模制的电插头90被供到外壳12中的电机中。
参考图1-3,本发明针对的是一个独特的压缩机诊断系统100,诊断系统100包括1个或多个电流检测元件102和有关的逻辑电路104。电流检测元件102被安装在罩106中,罩106安装在外壳12外面。逻辑电路104可被安装在罩106内,它可以位于一个相对压缩机10方便的位置如图2剖视图所示。任意选择的是,检测元件和电路被集成到一个专门的接触器中,一个专门的线系统中或一个用于某种压缩机的模制插头中。
电流检测器102检测供给压缩机10功率电源线中的电流。图2解释结合一个单相电机的两个电流检测元件102。电流检测元件102之一与压缩机电机的主绕组关联,另一个电流检测元件102与压缩机电机的副绕组关联。图3还解释与一个三相电机相关连的两个电流检测元件102。每个电流检测元件102都和三相电源各相之一有关。虽然图3解释检测三相电源的两相中的电流的两个电流检测元件,但是如图3剖视图所示检测三相电源的第三相中电流的一个第三电流检测器102也包括在本发明的范围之中。这些电流信号指示保护器的状态(开或关)。虽然电流检测元件102使用电源线中电流来检测保护器54的工作状态,它还能够通过检测保护器电机侧中的电压有或无来检测保护器54的状态。本发明的发明人认为这样做是不称心的,但在某些情况下又是有效途径,因为它需要一个附加的密封馈通锁延伸通过外壳12。从电流检测器102接收的信号在逻辑电路104中与压缩机10的要求信号结合。压缩机10的要求信号(demand signal)通过检测电源电压存在而获得,或者通过一个系统控制器提供一个表示要求的独立信号来获得。要求信号和逻辑电路104所收到的信号被逻辑电路104处理,而获得保护器54跳闸频率和压缩机10接通和断开时间平均值的信息。逻辑电路104分析电流信号,要求信号和获得的保护器跳闸频率的组合以确定是否有一个故障存在。逻辑电路还有独特能力辨认某些故障产生的特殊原因。这些信息用绿LED灯110和黄色LED灯112提供给工作人员。绿LED灯110用来显示目前没有故障,设备工作正常。
黄LED灯112用来表示有一个故障存在。当黄灯LED 112被接通时,绿LED灯110就被关断。这样黄LED灯112被用于可见传达,有一个故障存在和显示存在故障的类型。这种传达是在一个特定时间和次序中通过接通黄灯LED 112然后把它关断而实行的,以便指示有一个故障存在和辨别故障的类型。例如,在1秒中内接通灯112并在19秒钟内把它关断,每20秒重复这样一个次序将产生闪烁灯光的效果,每20秒闪烁接通一次。这个次序对应于一个故障类型,它的编码为1型故障。如果在20秒窗期间内灯112每秒闪烁接通2次,则它指示有一个编码是2型的故障存在。这个次序继续指示3型,4型故障等等,它们是通过灯112闪烁次数指示的故障类型。灯112以特定次数闪烁的设计被用于可见传达给技术人员使其了解逻辑电路104检测的各种故障的类型。虽然本发明使用闪烁灯112传送故障编码,使用多个灯以增加传送大量故障编码的效果也属于本发明的范围之内。再者,提供故障编码的其它方法,包括提供一个编码电压输出,它可能和其它电子设备连系,也可能被使用。
除了用灯112可见传送特定的故障编码,逻辑电路104还输出一个电脉冲的编码序列到系统中的其它智能控制器。这些编码脉冲表示被诊断系统100检测到的故障类型。可以被逻辑电路104检测到的故障类型包括但不限于下列各种:
1、保护器已经跳闸
2、单相电机的副绕组没有电或被断开或有一个故障运行电容器。
3、单相电机主绕组没有电或绕组被断开。
4、主断路器有触点被熔焊关闭。
5、三相电路中有一相缺相。
6、三相设备中相序反了。
7、电源电压很低。
8、压缩机内部的转子被卡住。
9、保护器跳闸是由于系统高压侧制冷电路出问题。
10、保护器跳闸是由于系统低压侧制冷电路出问题。
11、电机绕组断开或内部线断路保护器出故障。
12、压缩机的电源电压低。
作为对上述的一个变化,如图3所示,诊断器100仅发送一个保护器54的状态到智能元件116。在这种选择下,跳闸频率的参数,接通时间和关断时间与诊断器信息可以产生在智能系统116中。智能系统116可以是与压缩机有关的压缩机控制器,可以是监测多个压缩机10的系统控制器,也可能是遥控设备或者是任一种被选择来监视一个或多个压缩机的诊断系统100的其它系统。
图4表示和一个单相压缩机相连系的诊断器100的流程图。从一个元件或接触器120(图2和图3)来的要求信号和从检测元件102来的电流信号一起被提供给逻辑电路104。当系统被初始驱动,一个初始过程的执行在122所示,如果成功,该系统如箭头124所示进入正常关断状态如126所示。当处于正常关断off状态126,如果一个要求信号被提供给系统,如箭头128所示,系统进入一个正常运行状态如130所示。一旦要求被满足,系统返回正常关断状态126如箭头132所示。
当处在正常关断off状态126,如果主绕组中的电流或副绕组中的电流被检测,并且没有要求信号,系统如箭头134所示进入一个短路接触器状态136。当指示短路接触器状态136,如果有信号要求,系统如箭头138所示进入正常运行状态130。正常运行状态130继续直到要求满足,系统如箭头132所示返回到正常关闭off状态126,它可以再次进入短路接触器状态136,这取决于在主绕组或副绕组中是否有电流被检测出来。
当在正常运行状态130工作时,除了返回正常关闭off状态126,下述三种途径之一可以被选择。第一,如果系统检测的是要求和主绕组电流而不是副绕组中的电流,系统如箭头140所示进入关断副电路状态142。由此,当主绕组电流和副绕组电流都没有被检测的时候,系统进入保护器跳闸状态144如箭头146所示,第二,如果系统检测的是要求和副绕组电流而不是检测主绕组电流,系统如箭头148所示进入打开主电路状态150,由此,当主绕组电流和副绕组电流都没有检测的时候,系统进入保护器跳闸状态144如箭头152所示。第三,如果系统检测到要求且不是副绕组电流和主绕组电流,系统如箭头154所示进入保护跳闸状态144。
当在保护器跳闸状态144工作时,下述4条途径之一可以被选择。第一,如果主绕组电流或副绕组电流被检测,且要求被满足,系统如箭头160所示进入正常运行状态130。第二,保护器跳闸,系统接通时间的移动窗平均值小于20秒,系统如箭头162所示转入多个短运行状态164。从多个短运行状态,系统返回到保护器跳闸状态144如箭头166所示。第三,保护器跳闸,系统接通时间的移动窗平均值大于15分钟,系统如箭头168所示移动到多个长运行状态170。系统返回保护器跳闸状态144,如箭头172所示。第4,保护器跳闸,如果跳闸时间超过4小时,系统如箭头174所示进入功率损失或保护器故障状态176。如果,系统是在功率损失或保护器出故障状态176,主绕组电流或副绕组电流被检测,系统返回保护器跳闸状态144如箭头178所示。
当系统进入图4所示的各种位置,灯112的闪烁就由被检测的故障状态决定。在最佳实施例中,如果在154检测保护器跳闸状态因为有要求而无电流,灯112闪烁一次。如果压缩机10卡住或者因为在最近5次跳闸期间的平均接通ON时间小于12秒而出现低电源电压问题如箭头162所示,灯112闪烁二次。如果因为关断时间大于4小时,电机绕组打开,保护器故障或接触器故障如箭头174所示,灯112闪烁三次。如果副绕组打开,有一个故障运行电容器如箭头140所示,灯112闪烁4次。如果主绕组打开如箭头148所示,灯112闪烁5次。如果接触器熔焊如箭头134所示是因为电流被检测而没有要求,灯112闪烁六次。最后,如果保护器重复跳闸是因为最近5次跳闸期间平均接通ON时间小于15分钟引起的系统其它问题如箭头168所示,灯112闪烁7次。
图5是与三相压缩机相连系的诊断系统100的一个流程图。从接触器120(图2和图3)来的要求信号和从检测元件102来的电流信号一起被送到逻辑电路104。当系统被初始驱动的时候,初始过程在122执行,如果成功,系统如箭头124所示,进入126所示的正常关闭状态,当在正常关闭状态126,如果一个要求信号被提供给系统,系统如箭头128所示进入正常运行状态如130所示。一旦要求已经满足,系统返回正常关闭状态126如箭头132所示。
当处于正常关断状态126,如果三相电流之一或三相中第二相的电流被检测,并且没有要求信号,箭头234所示的系统就进入短路接触器状态136。当指示被短路的接触器状态136,如果有要求信号,箭头238所示的系统就进入正常运行状态130。正常运行状态130继续直到要求被满足,箭头132所示的系统返回到正常关断状态126,它可能再次进入被短路接触器的状态136,这取决于在主绕组或副绕组中是否有电流被检测出来。
当在正常运行状态130工作时,除了返回正常关闭OFF状态126,下述三种途径之一可被选择。第一,如果系统检测要求并且11毫秒小于三相电源的第一和第二相之间的零交叉时间差,或这个时间差小于14毫秒,箭头240所示系统就进入相序相反状态242,由此,当第一相电流或第二相电流不被检测时,系统进入保护器跳闸状态144如箭头246所示。第二,如果系统检测到要求并且16毫秒小于第一和第二相之间零交叉时间差或这个时间差小于21毫秒,箭头248所示系统进入缺相状态250。由此,当第一相电流和第二相电流都不被检测的时候,系统进入保护器跳闸状态144如箭头252所示。第三,如果系统检测到要求并且不检测到第一相电流和第二相电流,箭头254所示系统就进入保护器跳闸状态144。
当在保护器跳闸状态144工作,下述4条路之一可供选择。第一,如果第一相电流或第二相电流被检测,要求即被满足,如260所指系统就进入正常运行状态130。第二,电保护器跳闸,系统接通时间的移动窗平均值小于12秒,箭头162所示系统进入多个短运行状态164。从多个短运动状态,系统返回保护器跳闸状态144,如箭头166所示。第三,当保护器跳闸,系统接通时间的移动窗平均值大于15分钟,箭头168所示的系统进入多个长运动状态170。系统返回到保护器跳闸状态144如箭头172所示。第四,当保护器跳闸,如果跳闸时间超过4小时,箭头174所示系统就进入一个功率损失或保护器故障状态176。如果系统是在功率损失或保护器故障状态176并且第一相电流或第二相电流被检测,系统就返回到保护器跳闸状态144如箭头278所示。
当系统进入不同位置如图5所示,灯112的闪烁由所检测的故障状态决定,在最佳实施例中,如果保护器跳闸状态因为要求存在但无电流而被检测,灯112闪烁一次。如果压缩机10被卡住或因为在最近5次跳闸期间平均接通ON时间小于20秒而出现低电源电压问题如箭头162所示,灯112闪烁二次。如果因为OFF时间大于4小时,电机绕组打开,保护器故障或电容器故障如箭头174所示,灯112闪烁三次。如果因为电流被检测而没有要求,接触器被熔焊如箭头234所示,灯112闪烁4次。如果因为最近5次跳闸的平均接通ON时间小于15分钟引起的其它问题,如168所示使保护器重复跳闸,灯112闪烁5次,如果因为零交叉时间差是在11毫秒和14毫秒之间而电源反相如箭头240所示,灯112闪烁6次。最后,如果因为零交叉时间差是在16和21毫秒之间,三相电源中缺一相如箭头248所示,灯112闪烁7次。
虽然上述技术被描述成监测压缩机10的移动窗的平均值,使逻辑电路104利用压缩机的实时或瞬时状态也属于本发明的范围。例如,参看箭头162或168,逻辑电路104可以注视压缩机10的前面的运行时间,而不注视移动窗平均值。
图6是诊断系统问题的一个流程图。在步骤300处,技术人员通过检查LEDs,302步骤,而确定是否有问题存在。如果绿LED110亮,在304指示压缩机工作正常,问题出在别的部件上。如果黄灯LED112闪烁,技术人员在306对闪烁次数进行计数。在308,根据灯112闪烁次数确定故障类型。在310,故障被排除,系统被重新利用并启动,系返回步骤300,它将再次指示压缩机10的故障。
诊断系统100提供给来到现场的技术人员以清楚的显示,告诉他系统最可能出问题的地点是在哪。然后技术人员就集中注意问题最可能产生的原因,从而有可能避免替换一个好的压缩机。
图7是一个典型制冷系统320,制冷系统320包括压缩机10,它与一个冷凝器322相连,冷凝器322与一个膨胀器324相连,膨胀器324又与蒸发器326相连,蒸发器326又与压缩机10相连,制冷管道与各部件相连,如图7所示。
参看图8,解释接触器120,它包括电流检测器102形式的诊断系统100,逻辑电路104,绿LED灯110和黄灯112,接触器120用于接收各种系统控制器的信息,例如系统温度调节器(thermostat)350(图2和图3),系统保险系统群352(图2和3)和/或其它加入系统的传感器,并根据这三种输入提供给压缩机10电力。
接触器120包括一组电力进入连接器354,一组电力输出连接器356,一组接触器线圈连接器358,灯110和灯112。图9是接触器120的内部原理图。电源360接收来自连接器354的电力,把输入功率转化成所需要的,然后把所需要的功率供给输入电路362,处理电路364和输出电路366,它们共同形成逻辑电路104。
输入电路362接收来自电流检测器102的输入和要求信号以便诊断压缩机10的健康情况。输入电路362所接收的信息被导向处理电路364,它分析所供给的信息,然后提供信息到输出电路366以操作压缩机10和/或启动LED灯110和112。逻辑电路104并入接触器就简化了系统,因为事实上线电力和要求信号两者都已提供给接触器120了。被并入接触器120的诊断系统100的功能和操作也起如上所述对于外壳106相同作用。
参看图10,解释模制插头90,它包括电流检测器102形成的诊断系统100,逻辑电路104,灯110和灯112。在某些应用中,诊断系统100并入模制插头90提供了明显优点。当诊断系统100被并入模制插头90的时候,电力就通过连接器354提供,并且还必须从输入功率提供给诊断器系统,或者它可以通过连接器370单独提供。再者,要求信号还必须提供给插头90,这可以通过连接器372来做,并入模制插头90的诊断系统100的功能和操作起着如上所述对于罩106相同作用。从插头90向各处的连通是通过连接器374完成的。
图4和5是解释诊断系统100的流程图。当在保护器跳闸状态144工作的时候,根据ON时间的移动窗平均值或以前周期ON时间提出不同的遵循途径。这些不同的途径有助于确定故障的类型。
通过基于过载跳闸之间压缩机接通ON时间而做出附加假定,可以扩展这一概念。在过载跳闸以前压缩机接通持续时间可以被扩展对于诊断是有用的,诊断故障可能出现在制冷器的高一侧(冷凝器)或低一侧(蒸发器)或是出在空调系统。这个附加信息可以帮助技术员迅速寻找故障。图11解释诊断系统100的流程图。虽然图11解释的是一个单相电机的诊断系统,下面将会看到,图11解释的诊断系统也可以用于三相电机。
使用这种方法,如图12所示的4种主要系统故障可以通过接通时间ON和/或关断时间OFF分辨。第一,“堵转转子”(LR跳闸)状态,一般是由压缩机机械闭销或硬启动造成的。这就引起最短的跳闸时间,通常在20秒或更少时间内跳闸。这点在图11中用箭头162′作解释,它导致堵转转子状态164:从堵转转子状态164;系统返回保护器跳闸状态144如箭头166’所示。第二,“短周期”状态,它通常是由于接通和断开高侧或低侧安全压力开关造成的。在短周期内接通时间ON和关断时间OFF一般大约是两分钟或更少。在图11中通过箭头162”解释这一点,它导致一个短周期运行状态164”。从短周期运行状态164”,系统返回到保护器跳闸状态144,如箭头166”所示。第三,“正常过负荷跳闸”(保护跳闸)状态,它是予期最经常发生的给予压缩机最大负荷状态,是由于系统故障例如冷凝器风扇堵塞或失效引起的。跳闸之间的接通时间可以从4-90分钟之间任何时间,这取决于故障的严重性。图11箭头168’解释这一点,它导致一个正常过负荷跳闸状态170’。从正常过负荷跳闸状态170’,系统返回保护器跳闸状态144,如箭头172’所示。如图12所示,正常过负荷跳闸可以被分解成两个不同的温度区,如果了解冷凝器322(Tc)的话。第四,“高运行时间”故障状态一般引起大于90分钟的长运行时间。根据每小时3周的速率一个正常50%运行时间的温度调节器循环可以产生10分钟的接通时间ON。因此,运行时间大于90分钟一般就是故障。图11箭头174’解释这一点,它导致加注损失故障176’。从加注损失故障176’,系统返回保护器跳闸状态144如箭头178’所示。诊断器100’可以代替图4和5中所示的诊断器100,或者诊断器101’可以同时和这两个诊断器一起运行。
使用附加的检测器可以获得附加的信息。通过增加关键检测器,上述诊断器就可扩展主要性能,能够在任何系统或状态下,清楚区别压缩机故障和系统故障。
特别是,对于一个给定电压和电源类型,压缩机10的运行电流主要是其排放压力和吸取压力的规定的函数,它用通常公开的性能表或方程式表示。一般,对于大多数卷轴压缩机,压缩机电流主要随排放压力变化,它对吸取压力反应很不敏感。当一个机械故障发生在卷轴压缩机内部,在相同的排放压力下,它的电流拉取将显著增加。因此,通过电流检测元件102检测电流和用检测器330如图7所示检测排放压力,压缩机10内部的大多数故障都可被检测出来。对于一个给定的电源,电压的变化可以影响它的电流。不过,这些电压变化通常是间歇的而不是永久的,而故障一般是永久的,不变的,这个差别可以通过,用电流检测元件102检测电流和用传感器330检查排放压力,在几个重复周期内区分出来。
一般,排放压力检测器330是相当贵的元件,特别对居住用的设备安装而言就更不合算了。一个低成本的替换物是使用温度检测器CR热敏电阻332如图7所示,它安装在冷凝器322的中间点,安排在管子拐弯处或返回弯管之一上。这种温度检测器相当公知,它和要求型除霜控制器一起用于住宅热泵。图13是压缩机电流和冷凝器温度之间的典型关系曲线。这个关系曲线的等式或表格可被预先编程到诊断系统100或100’中去。然后,在第一次对系统清除安装之后在初始操作24小时内测量两个或三个座标点,曲线就可以导出和校准以用作一个无故障参考。
除了电流检测器102,压力检测器330或温度检测器332,还增加了一个户外环境温度检测器334如图2和3所示。附加检测器334主要是通过平均来自检测器102和330或332数据和来自检测器334的数据去检测压缩器的故障。由于温度检测器332和温度检测器334一般和要求型除霜控制器一起用在住宅热泵中,这个概念就相当有吸引力,因为技术人员已经很熟悉这些检测器,附加成本只是个增值而已。
冷凝温度和冷凝器ΔT(冷凝温度减环境温度)的组合提供了对系统故障更强的诊断能力,如下所述包括在加热方式的热泵,因为ΔT变成蒸发温度减环境温度。在下面图表中,在冷却方式中,ΔT表示冷凝器ΔT,并且在加热方式中,ΔT表示蒸发器ΔT。
制冷方式 加热方式
户外风扇堵塞/失效 过载跳闸
或过载(高侧) 高ΔT 低ΔT
高温条件
高电流
户内风机堵塞/失效 低ΔT 过载跳闸
或负载损耗(低侧) 低ΔT 低ΔT
长运行时间 长运行时间
除霜开始 ... 高ΔT
压缩机故障 电流VS温度条件 ...
容量损失 %运行时间 %运行时间
最后借助增加的户外环境检测器334,使用百分比运行时间,如图14所示,就有可能诊断容量损失。现在也能够预测压缩机能量使用,因为电流,电压和运行时间都已知。能量随时间的利用也可以被监视和报告。
总的来说,电子诊断器的实现如图15解释,具有电流检测器102,冷凝器温度检测器332和户外环境温度检测器334。由于这些检测器提供了对系统的连续监测而不是监测单独开关,现在就有可能集中安全保护能力于这个控制系统并排除对高和低的压力安全开关的需要。
附加的诊断器能力可以通过检测为压缩机10供电的电源线中的电压达到。为此目的,如图2和3解释加入电压检测器402。具有象温度检测器54的内部线路断路保护器的压缩机,当压缩机电源电压低于某个特定值的时候,就会“跳闸”。这个值一般是低于正常电压10%。在这个电压降低条件下,电机电流将增到一个值,以产生足够的热量去使保护器54“跳闸”。因此,如果保护器54跳闸的电压是已知的,这个低电压条件就可以作为一个特定故障的标志。然后技术人员就可以集中寻找低电压状态的原因。这个电压可以通过几种办法被检测。可以用检测器402在压缩机端子上直接进行检测或在馈送压缩机的电路中的其它点上进行检测。也可以通过用一个检测器404监视系统控制电压进行间接检测,如图2和3所示。控制电压一般是一个低电压(24VAC),它可以用一个降压变压器获得(未示出)。这个控制电压也可正比于线电压的变化。因此,监视控制电压可以提供对线电压的了解。
本发明的描述实际上只是一些实施例,各种不脱离发明要点的变型也属于本发明的范围之内,这些变型不被认为脱离本发明的精神和范围。
Claims (21)
1.一种制冷系统(320),包括:
压缩机(10);
连接于所述压缩机(10)的电机(28,46,48),给所述压缩机(10)提供功率;
连通于膨胀器(324)和所述压缩机(10)的冷凝器(322);
连通于所述膨胀器(324)和所述压缩机(10)的蒸发器(326),所述压缩机(10)、所述冷凝器(322)、所述膨胀器(324)和所述蒸发器(326)流体连通;
与所述电机(28,46,48)关联的电机保护器(54);
诊断系统(100),包括与所述电机保护器(54)关联的逻辑电路(104),用于确定诊断器信息;和
连通于所述诊断系统(100)以及可用于指示所述诊断器信息的智能装置(116)。
2.根据权利要求1的制冷系统(320),其中所述逻辑电路(104)确定电机保护器(54)的跳闸频率。
3.根据权利要求1的制冷系统(320),进一步包括插头(90),所述诊断系统(100)被集成进所述插头(90)中。
4.根据权利要求1的制冷系统(320),进一步包括接触器(120),所述逻辑电路(104)被集成进所述接触器(120)中。
5.根据权利要求1的制冷系统(320),其中所述智能装置(116)接收来自所述逻辑电路(104)的所述诊断器信息。
6.根据权利要求1的制冷系统(320),进一步包括:
电流检测器(102),与所述逻辑电路(104)连通,可用于监测供应到所述电机(28,46,48)的电流,其中所述逻辑电路(104)接收来自所述电流检测器(102)的电流数据,并且可基于所述电流数据使所述电机保护器(54)跳闸。
7.根据权利要求1的制冷系统(320),进一步包括:
压力传感器(330),与所述逻辑电路(104)连通,可用于监测从所述压缩机排出的流体的压力,其中所述逻辑电路(104)接收来自所述压力传感器(330)的压力数据,并且可基于所述压力数据使所述电机保护器(54)跳闸。
8.根据权利要求1的制冷系统(320),进一步包括:
温度传感器(332,334),与所述逻辑电路(104)连通,可用于监测循环通过所述系统(320)的流体的温度,其中所述逻辑电路(104)接收来自所述温度传感器(332,334)的温度数据,并且可基于所述温度数据使所述电机保护器(54)跳闸。
9.根据权利要求1的制冷系统(320),进一步包括:
电压检测器(402),与所述逻辑电路(104)连通,可用于监测供应到所述电机(28,46,48)的电压,其中所述逻辑电路(104)接收来自所述电压检测器(402)的电压数据,并且可基于所述电压数据使所述电机保护器(54)跳闸。
10.根据权利要求6的制冷系统(320),进一步包括要求信号,所述要求信号连同来自所述电流检测器(102)的电流信号被所述逻辑电路(104)使用,用于确定是否有一个故障存在。
11.根据权利要求6的制冷系统(320),其中所述逻辑电路(104)基于来自所述电流检测器(102)的输入确定所述电机保护器(54)的所述状态。
12.根据权利要求11的制冷系统(320),进一步包括要求信号,该要求信号连同所述电机保护器(54)的所述状态用于确定是否有一个故障存在。
13.根据权利要求12的制冷系统(320),进一步包括主绕组电流检测器和副绕组电流检测器,所述逻辑电路(104)基于所述要求信号、来自所述主绕组电流检测器的信息和来自所述副绕组电流检测器的信息来确定所述故障。
14.根据权利要求1的制冷系统(320),其中所述逻辑电路(104)分析所述状况,所述智能装置(116)指示特定的故障原因。
15.根据权利要求1的制冷系统(320),其中所述逻辑电路(104)确定电机保护器(54)的跳闸频率。
16.根据权利要求1的制冷系统(320),其中所述逻辑电路(104)确定压缩机(10)的平均接通时间。
17.根据权利要求1的制冷系统(320),其中所述逻辑电路(104)被设置为向所述智能装置(116)输出电脉冲编码序列以识别特定的故障原因。
18.根据权利要求13的制冷系统(320),其中所述逻辑电路(104)可工作于正常运行条件,如果所述要求信号被检测到并且当不存在来自所述主绕组电流检测器和所述副绕组电流检测器两者的信号时,所述逻辑电路(104)启动跳闸状态。
19.根据权利要求13的制冷系统(320),其中所述逻辑电路(104)可工作于保护器跳闸状态,当接收来自所述主绕组电流检测器和所述副绕组电流检测器中至少一个的输出和所述要求信号是可接受的时,所述逻辑电路输出一个正常运行条件信号。
20.根据权利要求13的制冷系统(320),其中所述逻辑电路(104)基于存在相应的故障状态的判断识别特定的原因。
21.根据权利要求13的制冷系统(320),其中所述诊断系统(100)向所述智能装置(116)发送电机保护器(54)的状态。
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CNB02108047XA Expired - Fee Related CN100492798C (zh) | 2001-03-27 | 2002-03-26 | 压缩机组件和冷却系统 |
CN2006100596458A Expired - Lifetime CN1821578B (zh) | 2001-03-27 | 2002-03-27 | 压缩机诊断系统 |
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