CN1378320A - 压缩机诊断系统 - Google Patents

压缩机诊断系统 Download PDF

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CN1378320A
CN1378320A CN02108047A CN02108047A CN1378320A CN 1378320 A CN1378320 A CN 1378320A CN 02108047 A CN02108047 A CN 02108047A CN 02108047 A CN02108047 A CN 02108047A CN 1378320 A CN1378320 A CN 1378320A
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compressor
diagnostic system
assembling
motor protector
protector
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CN100492798C (zh
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那加拉杰·加延斯
汉克·E·米莱特
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Copeland LP
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C28/00—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C28/28—Safety arrangements; Monitoring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B51/00—Testing machines, pumps, or pumping installations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
    • B25J9/16—Programme controls
    • B25J9/1679—Programme controls characterised by the tasks executed
    • B25J9/1687—Assembly, peg and hole, palletising, straight line, weaving pattern movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/02—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents
    • F04C18/0207—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form
    • F04C18/0215—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form where only one member is moving
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C28/00—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C28/06—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids specially adapted for stopping, starting, idling or no-load operation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00—Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/0042—Driving elements, brakes, couplings, transmissions specially adapted for pumps
    • F04C29/0085—Prime movers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F25B49/025—Motor control arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2270/00—Control; Monitoring or safety arrangements
    • F04C2270/07—Electric current
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2270/00—Control; Monitoring or safety arrangements
    • F04C2270/78—Warnings
    • F04C2270/784—Light
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2270/00—Control; Monitoring or safety arrangements
    • F04C2270/80—Diagnostics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2270/00—Control; Monitoring or safety arrangements
    • F04C2270/86—Detection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2270/00—Control; Monitoring or safety arrangements
    • F04C2270/90—Remote control, e.g. wireless, via LAN, by radio, or by a wired connection from a central computer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C23/00—Combinations of two or more pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type, specially adapted for elastic fluids; Pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids; Multi-stage pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C23/008—Hermetic pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/15—Power, e.g. by voltage or current
    • F25B2700/151—Power, e.g. by voltage or current of the compressor motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19—Pressures
    • F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
    • F25B2700/1931—Discharge pressures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2106—Temperatures of fresh outdoor air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Protection Of Generators And Motors (AREA)

Abstract

一种压缩机包括当其检测出超出特定条件时停止压缩机电动机的电动机保护器。诊断系统监测电动机保护器的状态。诊断系统包括基于与电动机保护器的时间和状态相关的运行时间和电动机状态诊断压缩机的问题类型的逻辑电路。

Description

压缩机诊断系统
技术领域
本发明涉及用于压缩机的诊断系统。更具体地说，本发明涉及使用压缩机“跳闸(trip)”信息来诊断与系统相关问题的制冷或空调系统的诊断系统。
背景技术
现有技术中存在的一类机器通常称为涡形机(scroll machine)，被用于排放各种液体类型。这种涡形机能被构造成膨胀机，排放引擎，泵，压缩机等，本发明适用于这些机器中的任何之一。但是，为了描述，公布的实施方案为制冷或空调系统中使用的密封制冷涡形压缩机的形式。
主要由于其极有效的工作能力，涡形压缩机越来越多地在制冷和空调应用中用作压缩机。通常，这些机器采用一对互相交叉的螺旋缠绕体，当它们从外部吸入口向中心排放口移动时，其中之一相对另一个环绕来确定尺寸逐步减小的一个或多个移动腔。电动机被提供通过一适合的电动机转子附带的驱动杆来驱动环绕涡形件。在密封压缩机中，密封壳底通常包括用于润滑和冷却的油槽。当与涡形压缩机一道描述本发明的诊断系统时，应理解的是本发明也用于其它类型的压缩机。
常规地，当空调或制冷系统未如设计的那样工作时，技术人员被叫到问题出现地点解决问题。技术人员执行一系列有助于排查系统中问题的检查。系统问题的原因之一可能是用于系统中的压缩机。故障压缩机显示出一些能用于检测压缩机故障的工作模式。不幸的是，许多其它的系统问题原因可能归因于系统中的其它部件，这些其它原因也能影响压缩机的性能和它的工作模式，当分析系统问题和操作时可能确定压缩机为故障，而事实上问题在于其它地方，压缩机没有问题。原因的混淆通常导致更换好的压缩机。因为压缩机通常是系统中最贵的部件，所以诊断中的这一故障代价很高。另外，加重问题的是系统问题的根本原因没有被解决，问题时而再发生。如能有助于避免上述系统问题的误诊断的工具将是既有用又成本划算的。本发明公布了一种增强空调或制冷系统诊断准确度的设备。
空调和制冷系统中使用的压缩机的较大一部分具有内建的叫“内部线路中断保护器”的保护设备。这些保护是与电动机电串联连接的热敏感器件。保护器与电动机吸取的线电流以及压缩机内的其它温度热反应，包括但不限于排气温度，吸附气体温度或压缩机内的特别部件温度。当这些温度之一超过设计阈值时，保护器将断开与电动机的连接。这关掉工作于压缩机的电动机，接着关掉压缩机，防止它工作于将导致它损坏的范围。在一段时间后，当温度降到安全级时，保护器自动复位，压缩机重新工作。保护器响应的温度与压缩机和整个系统有关。压缩机或整个系统的操作能影响这些保护器检测到的温度。保护系统的重要方面是，某些类型的故障让保护器重复跳闸使压缩机的接通时间(ON time)很短，其它类型的故障影响保护器较少，而使压缩机接通时间相对更长。例如，卡住轴承的压缩机将约十秒内的接通时间跳闸保护器。另一方面，具有很低制冷剂注入的系统将在数十分钟后跳闸保护器。跳闸频率，跳闸复位次数和压缩机接通时间分析将为确定系统问题原因提供有用的线索。
发明内容
本发明提供基于这一原理的设备。本发明的设备连续记录了保护器状态(开或关)作为时间的函数，然后分析这种状态信息来确定故障状态。设备进一步分离出压缩机或系统其它部分的故障。一旦故障被排查，设备激活可视的指示(灯)，它也将给智能设备(控制器，计算机，等)发送电信号来建议状态。然后，到达现场的技术人员获得明确的指示，问题最可能出现在系统部件而非压缩机或问题最可能出现在压缩机。他能集中精力来解决被确定地点的问题。从而设备避免前述疑惑的诊断情形和故障更换好压缩机的可能。
根据其后提供的描述，本发明的其它应用领域将更为清楚。应被理解的是，当表明本发明的优选方案时，详细描述和特定例子被用于描述目的，而不是用于限制本发明的范畴。
附图说明
根据详细描述和附图，本发明将更全面的被理解，其中：
图1为包括根据本发明的独特的压缩机诊断系统的密封涡形压缩机的垂直截面图。
图2为用于与本发明相关的压缩机的单相电动机诊断系统的原理描述图。
图3为用于与本发明另一实施方案相关的压缩机的三相电动机诊断系统的原理描述图。
图4为与用于本发明相关的压缩机的单相电动机诊断系统的流程图。
图5为与用于本发明相关的压缩机的三相电动机诊断系统的流程图。
图6诊断压缩机系统遵循的流程图。
图7为利用根据本发明的压缩机和诊断系统的典型制冷系统的原理图。
图8为集成了与本发明另一实施方案相关的诊断系统电路的接触器的透视图。
图9为图8中描述的接触器电路的原理描述图。
图10是描述与本发明另一实施方案相关的诊断系统电路的压缩机插头的原理图。
具体实施方式
实际上下面描述优选实施方案仅是例子，没有限制本发明，其应用或使用。
现在参考附图，其中几个图示中相同标注号指明相同或相关部分，图1描述了采用与本发明相关的独特的压缩机诊断系统的涡形压缩机，它总体用标注号10标明。尽管压缩机10被描述为与制冷或空调系统相关的涡形压缩机时，如果需要在制冷或空调系统中采用其它类型的压缩机及与其它类型系统相关的任何压缩机设计也在本发明的范围之内。
通常涡形压缩机10包括在其上端焊接了盖14且在其下端焊接了具有一道集成形成的多个安装脚(未描绘出)的底16的圆柱型密封壳12。盖14被提供了其内可能具有普通排放阀的制冷剂排出管接头18。横向延伸的隔离部分20通过在与盖14被焊接至壳12相同点的周边焊接被固定至壳12上。压缩机安装框架22在壳12内被压入配合，并被底16的端部所支撑。底16在半径上比壳12稍小，以便底16在壳12内被容下，且被如图1在周边被焊接。
被固定至框架22的压缩机10的主要元件包括一个两件主轴承机架装配24，一个低轴承机架26和电动机定子28。在其上端具有偏心曲柄销32的驱动杆或机轴30在主轴承机架装配26保护的轴承34上和低轴承机架26保护的第二轴承36上旋转。机轴30在其下端具有相对大的半径的同心钻孔38，它与径向向外放置的，向机轴30顶上延伸的更小半径的钻孔40相连通。壳12内下部确定了一油箱44，它装满了润滑油至比转子下端稍高的水平，钻孔38用作抽取润滑液体上至机轴30和进入孔40的泵，最终至压缩机10需要润滑的所有各部分。
机轴30被包括定子28，穿过它的线圈46和被压配进机轴30的转子48的电动机所旋转驱动。上部平衡物50被固定至机轴30，下部平衡物52被固定至转子48。普通型温度保护器54，被提供与电动机线圈46紧密相邻。如果热保护器54超过它的正常温度范围，热保护器54将断开电动机。热保护器54能被电动机线圈46，吸入腔56内的吸气和/或排气腔58内被释放至吸入腔56的排出气体加热。如图1所示，吸入腔56和排气腔58为壳12，盖14，底16和隔离物22所确定。
两件主轴承机架装配24的上表面被提供了平推轴承表面，其上放置了具有从底板64向上延伸的普通螺旋叶片或叠片62的旋转涡形体60。从旋转涡形体60的底板64的下表面向下伸出的是其内具有轴颈轴承，且可旋转放置了具有曲柄销32被驱动的内孔的驱动轴衬68的圆柱形轮毂66。如受让人美国文本专利4,877,382中所描述，其公布这里被引入作参考，曲柄销32在一表面是平的，它驱动啮合了形成于驱动轴衬68内钻孔一部分的平坦表面来提供径向顺应驱动配置。十字联轴节70也被提供位于旋转涡形体60和两片轴承机架装配24之间。十字联轴节70被键入至旋转涡形体60和非旋转涡形体72中来防止旋转涡形体60的转动。
非旋转体72也被提供了从被放置与旋转涡形体60的叠片62啮合的底板76向下延伸的叠片74。非旋转涡形体72具有中心放置的排气通道78，它与向上开口，从而连接排气腔58的凹陷80相连。环形凹陷82也被形成于非旋转涡形体72内，其中放置了浮动密封装配84。
凹陷80和82及浮动密封装配84协作来确定轴压偏置腔，它接收被叠片62和74压迫的压缩液体，以便在非旋转涡形体72上施加轴偏置力从而驱动各叠片62和74顶端至与各底板76和64的反端面密封啮合。浮动密封装配优选用受让人美国文本专利5,156,639中更为详细描述的类型。非旋转涡形体72被设计为相对于两件主轴承机架装配24的受限轴运动的安装，其合适方式如上述美国文本专利4,877,382或受让人美国文本专利5,102,316中所公布，此公布这里被引入作参考。
压缩机10由通过模制电插头90提供至壳12内的电动机的电力供能。
现在参考图1至3，本发明针对一种独特的压缩机诊断系统100。诊断系统100包括一个或多个电流检测器件102和相关逻辑电路104。电流检测器件102被安装于外部安装至壳12的机架106。逻辑电路104能被安装至机架106中或它能被放于如图2阴影所示的相对压缩机10的方便位置上。选择地，检测器件和电路能被集成至特别的电流接触器，特别的线束中，或用于某些压缩机设计的模制插头中。
电路检测器件102检测给压缩机10供电的电源线中的电流。图2描述了与单相电动机相关的两电流检测器件102。电流检测器件102之一与压缩机电动机主线圈相关，而另一电流检测器件102与压缩机电动机的副线圈相关。图3也描述了与三相电动机相关的两电流检测器件。每一电流检测器件102与三相电源的一相相关。尽管图3描述检测三相电源中两相的电流的两电流检测器件，如果需要，包含第三个电流检测102来检测如图3阴影所示的三相电源中第三相电流是在本发明范围内的。这些电流信号代表保护器54(开或关)的指示状态。尽管电流检测器件102利用电源线中的电流检测保护器54的状态，也能通过检测保护器54的电动机侧电压存在与否来检测保护器54的状态。因为它需要附加延伸经过壳12的密封穿通端，所以本发明的发明者认为在某些情形这是不理想的但有效的方法。从电流检测器件102接收到的信号在逻辑电路104中与压缩机10的请求信号结合。压缩机10的请求信号通过检测电源电压的存在或通过使系统控制器(未示出)提供离散的信号代表请求来获得。请求信号和连接电路104接收的信号被逻辑电路104处理来获取保护器54跳闸频率信息和压缩机10的平均接通时间和关机时间。逻辑电路104分析结合的电流信号，请求信号和获取的保护器跳闸频率来决定故障条件是否存在。逻辑电路也具有独特的鉴定基于某些故障的特定原因的能力。使用绿色LED灯110和黄色LED灯112，这一信息被提供给服务人员。绿色LED灯110被用来指明目前没有故障条件和系统工作正常。
黄色LED灯112被用来指明存在故障。当黄色LED灯112被开启时，绿色LED110灯被关掉。由此，黄色LED灯112被用来可视的表明存在故障和存在的故障类型。这种表明通过开启黄色LED灯，然后关掉一定时间来实现，依次表明存在故障和表明故障是什么。例如，开启灯112一秒，关掉它十九秒，并每二十秒重复这一次序将产生每二十秒闪烁一次的闪烁灯效果。这一次序相应于编码为类型1故障的故障类型。如果灯112在二十秒间闪烁两次，它表明编码为类型二的故障存在。这一次序继续用灯112闪烁次数表征的故障类型表明类型3，类型4等等。闪烁灯的一定数目次数的方法被用来可视地告知技术人员由逻辑电路104检测到的各种类型故障。尽管本发明利用闪烁灯112来传达故障代码，如果需要，利用多个灯来增强传达大量的故障代码的效果是在本发明的范围之内的。另外，其它提供故障代码的方法也能被采用，包括提供被编码的电压输出，能提供与数字电压表的接口。
除了使用灯112可视传达特定故障编码，逻辑电路104也输出电脉冲的编码序列给其它的系统中存在的智能控制器。这些编码脉冲代表被诊断系统100检测到的故障类型。能被逻辑电路104检测的故障类型包括，但不限制于：
1.保护器“跳闸”。
2.单相电动机副线圈没电或开路或电容有故障。
3.单相电动机主线圈没电或线圈开路。
4.主电路断路器具有熔接闭合连接。
5.三相电路的一相不存在。
6.三相系统中的相位次序颠倒。
7.电源太低。
8.压缩机内转子被卡。
9.由于系统制冷电路问题保护器跳闸。
10.电动机线圈开路或内部线路断开保护器出故障。
如图3所示，作为对上面的修改，诊断系统可能仅发送保护器54的状态至智能设备116。在这一选择中，诊断信息中跳闸频率，接通时间，关机时间参数可以在智能设备116中产生。智能设备116可以为与压缩机10相关的压缩机控制器，它能为远端放置的设备或能为被选择来监视一个和多个压缩机的诊断系统100的任何其它设备。
图4描述与单相压缩机相关的诊断设备100的流程图。与来自检测器件102的电流信号一道，来自器件或接触器120的请求信号被提供给逻辑电路104(图2和3)。当系统初始被启动时，初始化过程在122中执行，且如果成功，如箭头124所示，系统进入如126处所示的正常关断状态。当位于正常关断状态126时，如果一个请求信号被提供给系统，如箭头128所示，系统进入130所示的正常运行状态。一旦请求被满足，如箭头132所示，系统回到正常关断状态126。
当位于正常关断状态126时，如果主线圈或副线圈中的电流被检测，且没有请求信号，如箭头134所示，系统进入短路接触器状态136。当表明短路接触器状态136时，如果发出信号请求，如箭头138所示，系统进入正常运行状态130。正常运行状态130继续直到请求被满足，如箭头132所示，系统回到正常关断状态126，依赖于主或副线圈中的电流是否被检测，它可以重新进入短路接触器状态136。
当工作在正常运行状态130时，除了回到正常关断状态126外的三种路径之一可能被跟随。首先，如果系统检测到请求和主线圈电流，但没检测到副线圈电流，如箭头140所示，系统进入断开副电路状态142。从这里，当主线圈电流和副线圈电流未被检测时，如箭头146所示，系统进入保护器跳闸状态144。第二，如果系统检测到请求和副线圈电流，但未检测主线圈电流，如箭头148所示，系统则进入断开主电路状态150。从这里，当主线圈电流和副线圈电流未被检测时，如箭头152所示，系统进入保护器跳闸状态144。第三，如果系统检测到请求，未检测到副线圈电流和主线圈电流，如箭头154所示，系统进入保护器跳闸状态144。
当工作在保护器跳闸状态144时，四种路径之一能被跟随。第一，主线圈电流或副线圈电流被检测到，请求被满足，如箭头160所示，系统进入正常运行状态130。第二，保护器跳闸，系统接通时间的移动窗平均值少于二十秒，如箭头162所示，系统进入多个短运行状态164。从多个短运行状态，如箭头166所示，系统回到保护器跳闸状态144。第三，保护器跳闸，系统接通时间的移动窗平均值大于十五分钟，如箭头168所示，系统进入多个长运行状态170。如箭头172所示，系统回到保护器跳闸状态144。第四，保护器跳闸，如果跳闸时间超过四小时，如箭头174所示，系统进入失电源或保护器缺陷状态176。如果，当系统在失电源或保护器缺陷状态176时，且主线圈电流或副线圈电流被检测到，如箭头178所示，系统回到保护器跳闸状态144。
当系统进入图4所示的各种位置时，灯112的闪烁由检测的故障状态指定。在优选实施方案中，如果因为请求出现但电流未出现，保护器跳闸状态在154被检测，灯112闪烁一次。如果因为最后五次跳闸时的平均接通时间小于十二秒，压缩机10被卡或存在低电源电压问题，如箭头162标出，灯112闪烁两次。如果电动机线圈开路，因为关机时间大于四小时，保护器出错或接触器故障，如箭头174标出，灯112闪烁三次。如果副线圈开路或运行电容故障，如箭头140标出，灯112闪烁四次。如果主线圈开路，如箭头148标出，灯112闪烁五次。如果因为电流被检测但无请求，接触器被熔接，如箭头134标出，灯112闪烁六次。最后，如果因为最后五次跳闸的平均接通时间少于十五分钟，由于其它系统原因保护器重复跳闸，如箭头168标出，灯112闪烁七次。
图5描述与三相压缩机相关的诊断系统100的流程图。与来自检测器件102的电流信号一道，请求信号从接触器120(图2和3)被提供给逻辑电路104。当系统初始被启动时，初始过程在122被执行，如果成功，如箭头124所示，系统进入126处所示的正常关断状态。当位于正常关断状态126时，如果一个请求信号被提供给系统，如箭头128所示，系统进入130处所示的正常运行状态。一旦请求被满足，如箭头132所示，系统回到正常关断状态126。
当位于正常关断状态126时，如果三相之一的电流或三相的第二相电流被检测，且没有请求信号，如箭头234所示，系统则进入短路接触器状态136。当表明短路接触器状态136时，如果发出信号请求，如箭头238所示，系统进入正常运行状态130。正常运行状态130继续直到请求被满足，如箭头132所示，系统回到正常关断状态126，依赖于主线圈或副线圈中的电流是否被检测到，它可能又进入短路接触器状态136。
当工作在正常运行状态130时，除了回到正常关断状态126的三种路径之一能被跟随。第一，如果系统检测到请求，且十一毫秒小于三相电源的第一和第二相间的零交点时间差或这一时间差小于十四毫秒，如箭头240所示，则系统进入相位次序颠倒状态242。从这里，当第一相位电流或第二相位电流都未被检测到时，如箭头246所示，系统进入保护器跳闸状态144。第二，如果系统检测到请求，且十六毫秒小于第一和第二相间的零交点时间差或这一时间差小于二十一毫秒，如箭头248所示，系统进入相位丢失状态250。从这里，当第一相电流和第二电流都未被检测到时，如箭头252所示，系统进入保护器跳闸状态144。第三，如果系统检测到请求，且没有检测到第一相电流和第二相电流，如箭头254所示，则系统进入保护器跳闸状态144。
当工作在保护器跳闸状态144时，四种路径之一能被跟随。第一，如果第一相电流或第二相电流被检测，并且请求被满足，如箭头260所示，则系统进入正常运行状态130。第二，保护器跳闸，且系统接通时间的移动窗平均值小于十二秒，如箭头162所示，系统进入多个短运行状态164。从多个短运行状态，如箭头166，系统回到保护器跳闸状态144。第三，保护器跳闸，系统接通时间的移动窗平均值大于十五分钟，如箭头168所示，系统进入多个长运行状态170。如箭头172所示，系统回到保护器跳闸状态144。第四，保护器跳闸，如果跳闸时间超过四小时，如箭头174所示，系统进入失电源或保护器缺陷状态176。如果，当系统处于失电源或保护器缺陷状态176时，且第一相电流或第二相电流被检测，如箭头278所示，系统回到保护器跳闸状态144。
当系统进入图5所示的各位置时，灯112的闪烁由检测的故障状态指定。在优选实施方案中，如果因为请求存在但没有电流，保护器跳闸状态在254被检测，灯112闪烁一次。如果因为最后五次跳闸中平均接通时间小于十二秒，压缩机10被卡或存在低电源电压问题，如箭头162所示，灯112闪烁两次。如果电动机线圈开路，因为关机时间大于四小时，保护器故障或接触器故障，如箭头174所示，灯112闪烁三次。如果因为电流被检测但无请求，接触器被熔接，如箭头234所示，灯112闪烁四次。如果因为最后五次的平均接通时间小于十五分钟，由于其它系统原因，保护器重复跳闸，如箭头168所示，灯112闪烁五次。如果因为零交点时间差在十一和十四毫秒之间，电源相位颠倒，如箭头240所示，灯112闪烁六次。最后，如果因为零交点时间差在十六和二十一毫秒之间，三相电源中有失相，如箭头248所示，灯112闪烁七次。
尽管上述技术被描述为监测压缩机10的移动窗平均值，让逻辑电路104利用压缩机10的实时或瞬时状态是在本发明的范围内的。例如，察看箭头162或168，而不察看移动窗平均值，逻辑电路104能察看压缩机10的以前运行时间。
图6描述当诊断系统问题时遵循的流程图。在步骤300，技术人员通过检测步骤302处的LED决定是否存在问题。如果绿色LED110亮，表明304处压缩机10工作正常，问题在于其它部件。如果绿色LED112闪烁，技术人员数306处闪烁的次数。根据灯112闪烁数，在308决定故障类型。故障被纠正，系统在310再循环和启动。系统回到步骤300，它又将指明压缩机10的任何故障。
由此，诊断系统100为到达现场的技术人员提供明确的系统问题最可能出现地方的指示。从而，技术人员能集中精力至最可能的问题原因上，可能避免替换好的压缩机。
图7描述典型的制冷系统320。制冷系统320包括与连接了膨胀设备(expansion device)324的压缩器322相连的压缩机10，膨胀设备324连接了与压缩机10相连的蒸发器326。制冷管328连接图7中所示的各种部件。
现在参考图8，接触器120被描述为结合由电流检测器102，逻辑电路104，绿色LED灯110，和黄色灯112组成的诊断系统100。接触器120被设计成从如系统恒温器350(图2和3)，一组系统安全设备352(图2和3)和/或被引入系统且基于为压缩机10提供电源的三个输入的其它检测器的各种系统控制器接收信息。
接触器120包括一套电源接入连接器354，一套电源输出连接器356，一套接触器线圈连接器358，灯110和灯112。接触器120的内部原理图如图9所示。电源360从连接器354接收电源，按需要转化输入电能，然后为共同形成逻辑电路104的输入电路362，处理电路364，输出电路366提供所需电能。
输入电路362接收来自电路检测器102的输入和请求信号来诊断压缩机10的正确状态。输入电路362接收到的信息被送至处理电路364，它分析所提供的信息，然后给输出电路366提供信息来使压缩机10工作和/或激活LED灯110和112。根据电源线和请求信号已被提供给接触器120的事实，接触器120中逻辑电路的引入简化了系统。诊断系统100被引入接触器120的功能和操作与上述机架106描述的相同。
现在参考图10，模制插头90被描述引入由电流检测器102，逻辑电路104，灯110和灯112组成的诊断系统100。在某些应用中，引入诊断系统100至模制插头90中提供某些明显的优点。当诊断系统100被引入模制插头90时，电源被提供通过连接器354，并必须从输入电源也被提供至诊断系统，或它能被单独通过连接器370提供。另外，请求信号必须也被提供至插头90，这能通过连接器372实现。被引入至模制插头90的诊断系统100的功能和操作与上述机架106相同。从插头90的连接通过连接器374完成。
实际上本发明的描述仅为举例说明，然而各种不偏离本发明要旨的修改是在本发明范围内的。这些修改不被认为偏离本发明的精髓和范围。

Claims (29)

1.一种压缩机装配，包括：
压缩机；
连接至所述压缩机，用于给所述压缩机供电的电动机；
与所述电动机相关的电动机保护器，所述电动机保护器在当所述电动机在特定工作参数内时的第一位置和所述电动机未在所述特定工作参数内时的第二位置之间可被激励；以及
与所述电动机保护器相关的诊断系统，所述诊断系统根据所述电动机保护器状态能诊断压缩机装配的问题。
2.根据权利要求1的压缩机装配，其中所述诊断系统包括指示所述电动机保护器状态的指示器。
3.根据权利要求2的压缩机装配，其中所述诊断系统包括识别特定问题的指示器。
4.根据权利要求1的压缩机装配，其中所述诊断系统包括显示系统问题的指示器。
5.根据权利要求1的压缩机装配，其中当所述压缩机工作时与当所述压缩机闲置时，所述诊断系统进行监视。
6.根据权利要求5的压缩机装配，其中所述诊断系统监视所述电动机保护器处于所述第二位置的时间长度。
7.根据权利要求1的压缩机装配，其中所述诊断系统监视所述电动机保护器处于所述第二位置的时间长度。
8.根据权利要求1的压缩机装配，还包括至少一个用于确定所述电动机保护器的所述状态的电流检测器。
9.根据权利要求8的压缩机装配，还包括请求信号，所述请求信号与被用于诊断所述压缩机问题的所述电动机保护器的所述状态相关。
10.根据权利要求1的压缩机装配，还包括请求信号，所述请求信号与被用于诊断所述压缩机问题的所述电动机保护器的所述状态相关。
11.根据权利要求1的压缩机装配，还包括电插头，所述诊断系统被集成于所述电插头。
12.根据权利要求1的压缩机装配，还包括接触器，所述诊断系统被集成于所述接触器。
13.一种冷却系统，包括：
压缩器；
与所述压缩器连通的膨胀设备；
与所述膨胀设备连通的蒸发器；
与所述蒸发器和所述压缩器连通的压缩机；
与所述压缩机连接，为所述压缩机提供电源的电动机；
与所述电动机相关的电动机保护器，所述电动机保护器在当所述电动机在特定工作参数内时的第一位置和所述电动机未在所述特定工作参数内时的第二位置之间可被激励；以及
与所述电动机保护器相关的诊断系统，所述诊断系统根据所述电动机保护器状态能诊断压缩机的问题。
14.根据权利要求13的冷却系统，其中所述诊断系统包括显示所述电动机保护器状态的指示器。
15.根据权利要求14的冷却系统，其中所述诊断系统包括识别特定问题的指示器。
16.根据权利要求13的冷却系统，其中所述诊断系统包括显示系统问题的指示器。
17.根据权利要求13的冷却系统，其中当所述压缩机工作时和当所述压缩机闲置时，所述诊断系统进行监视。
18.根据权利要求17的冷却系统，其中所述诊断系统监视所述电动机保护器处于所述第二位置的时间长度。
19.根据权利要求13的冷却系统，其中所述诊断系统监视所述电动机保护器处于所述第二位置的时间长度。
20.根据权利要求13的压缩机装配，还包括至少一个用于确定所述电动机保护器的所述状态的电流检测器。
21.根据权利要求20的压缩机装配，还包括请求信号，所述请求信号与被用于诊断所述压缩机问题的所述电动机保护器所述状态相关。
22.根据权利要求13的压缩机装配，还包括请求信号，所述请求信号与被用于诊断所述压缩机问题的所述电动机保护器的所述状态相关。
23.根据权利要求13的压缩机装配，还包括电插头，所述诊断系统被集成于所述电插头。
24.根据权利要求13的压缩机装配，还包括接触器，所述诊断系统被集成于所述接触器。
25.一种压缩机装配，包括：
压缩机；
连接至所述压缩机，用于给所述压缩机供电的电动机；
与所述电动机电连通的电插头；以及
集成于所述电插头的电子电路。
26.根据权利要求25的压缩机装配，还包括电动机保护器，所述电路能检测所述电动机保护器状态。
27.根据权利要求26的压缩机装配，其中所述电子电路包括至少一个电流检测器。
28.根据权利要求25的压缩机装配，其中所述电子电路包括至少一个电流检测器。
29.根据权利要求25的压缩机装配，其中所述电子电路包括能诊断所述压缩机装配问题的诊断系统。
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