CN1820015A - 环状有机氢硅氧烷的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种制备环状有机氢硅氧烷的方法,包括:(A)使式RHSiCl2的硅烷与水接触,形成包括环状有机氢硅氧烷和线性有机氢硅氧烷的水解物,其中R选自具有1-12个碳原子的烷基和芳基,和(B)在惰性液体稀释剂的存在下使该水解物与酸性重排催化剂接触,以增加水解物中环状有机氢硅氧烷与线性有机氢硅氧烷的比率。酸性重排催化剂是溶解在存在的惰性稀释剂中的含有强酸基团例如磺酸的有机化合物。
Description
背景技术
本发明涉及一种环状有机氢硅氧烷的制备方法。
环状有机氢硅氧烷例如环状甲基氢硅氧烷可用作硅酮涂层中的交联剂和用于电子工业和隔离纸涂层中的包封材料,并且可以用作中间物以形成SiH官能的硅氧烷。在有机氢硅氧烷的典型制备方法中,第一步包括将有机氢二氯硅烷水解形成含有环状有机氢硅氧烷和短链线性有机氢硅氧烷的平衡混合物。通常,平衡混合物中的环状有机氢硅氧烷的重量百分比相对存在的线性有机氢硅氧烷的重量百分比较小。因此当需要高的环状有机氢硅氧烷时,可能产生过量的线性有机氢硅氧烷。
US-A-5395956描述了一种方法,包括使有机氢二氯硅烷与约化学计量当量的水接触形成水解物,将该水解物稀释于惰性溶剂中并将其与酸性重排催化剂接触形成环状有机氢硅氧烷。该催化剂通常是用作固定床或搅拌床的非均相催化剂。US-A-5395956描述该酸性重排催化剂可以是均相催化剂例如氯化氢、硫酸或氯磺酸,但是这些均相酸由于接下来必需中和因此通常不是优选的。
US-A-5247116描述了一种环状硅氧烷的制备方法,包括在没有添加溶剂的情况下使硅氧烷与强酸催化剂接触。
发明内容
本发明的环状有机氢硅氧烷的制备方法包括:(A)使式RHSiCl2的硅烷与水接触,形成包括环状有机氢硅氧烷和线性有机氢硅氧烷的水解物,其中R选自具有1-12个碳原子的烷基和芳基,和(B)在惰性液体稀释剂的存在下使该水解物与酸性重排催化剂接触,以增加水解物中环状有机氢硅氧烷与线性有机氢硅氧烷的比率,特征在于酸性重排催化剂是溶解在存在的惰性稀释剂中的含有强酸基团的有机化合物。
本发明的方法优选以包括如下步骤的连续方法进行:
(C)通过与线性甲基氢硅氧烷和稀释剂分离来回收环状甲基氢硅氧烷,和
(D将得自步骤(C)的含有溶解的酸性重排催化剂的线性甲基氢硅氧烷和稀释剂再循环至步骤(B)中。
因此有机酸性重排催化剂与惰性稀释剂一起连续再循环经过重排(B)和分离(C)步骤。
我们已发现,当使用其中所述的固定床固体催化剂操作US-A-5395956的方法时,最初在水解物中发生平衡化从而增加其中环状有机氢硅氧烷与线性有机氢硅氧烷的比率,但是长时间后用于该重排的催化剂的活性大大降低。在本发明的方法中,溶解在惰性稀释剂中的有机酸催化剂比固定床固体催化剂能够在更长时间内保持其催化活性,从而增加水解物中环状有机氢硅氧烷与线性有机氢硅氧烷的比率。
发明详述
用式(1)描述本方法中可以水解的硅烷。该硅烷可以是如式(1)所述的单一硅烷物质,也可以是这些硅烷的混合物。硅烷含有取代基R,其中R选自包括1-12个碳原子的饱和一价烃基和芳基。R例如可以是甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、叔丁基、仲丁基、己基、环己基、十二烷基、苯基、甲苯基和萘基。优选R选自甲基和苯基。最优选R是甲基,即甲基二氯硅烷。
将硅烷与约化学计量当量的水接触,其中“化学计量当量的水”定义为0.5mol水/mol由硅烷提供给该方法的氯。使用的术语“约”是指水与硅烷的摩尔比在±20%的化学计量当量的范围内。优选水与硅烷的摩尔比在-5%至+15%的范围内,更优选化学计量当量到过量5或10%水。
步骤(A)中硅烷与水的接触可以在用于水解氯硅烷的标准反应器中进行。尽管进行该过程的压力不是关键性的,但是优选该过程在硅烷以液相存在的压力下进行。这种压力将取决于特定氯硅烷和进行该过程的温度。水解过程优选在-15℃至120℃,更优选0℃-50℃,最优选20℃-40℃的范围内的温度下进行。
将该水解过程中形成的水解物稀释于惰性液体稀释剂中,该稀释剂可以与水解物混溶或者不与水解物混溶。术语“惰性”是指在该过程中没有另外显著反应的稀释剂。优选的液体稀释剂是链烷,包括链烷的混合物。这些链烷可以是直链或支链链烷或其混合物。液体稀释剂优选具有高于有机氢硅氧烷的环状六聚物的沸点的沸点。例如当环状六聚物是甲基氢硅氧烷时,合适的稀释剂是那些具有大于约9个碳原子的链烷。一种优选的稀释剂是以商标′Isopar P′销售的沸点在243℃-285℃的范围内的石蜡混合物。也可以使用沸点低于有机氢硅氧烷的环状六聚物沸点的惰性液体稀释剂,但是可能使稀释剂与环状有机氢硅氧烷的分离更困难。
水解物与稀释剂的最佳重量比将取决于诸如硅原子上取代的有机取代基和平衡时重排水解物中环状有机氢硅氧烷与线性有机氢硅氧烷的所需比率等因素。高达某一最大值,水解物的稀释越大,则重排水解物中环状有机氢硅氧烷与线性有机氢硅氧烷的比率越大。稀释剂优选形成约50-95%重量的水解物和稀释剂的液体混合物,更优选60-90%,最优选70-85%。
使稀释的水解物与有机酸重排催化剂接触。通常优选在稀释之前不使水解物与酸性重排催化剂接触。当本发明的方法以包括将含有溶解的酸性重排催化剂的线性甲基氢硅氧烷和稀释剂再循环的连续方法进行时,接触水解物的稀释剂将含有催化剂。
酸性重排催化剂是溶解在存在的惰性液体稀释剂中的含有强酸基团的有机化合物。强酸基团是指有机酸具有低于3并优选低于1.5的pK。该酸优选是磺酸,但另外可以是膦酸或酸性硫酸酯。优选的磺酸是芳基磺酸,特别是式R′-Ar-SO3H的烷基芳基磺酸,其中Ar是芳香环例如苯或萘环,并且R′是可以具有1-30个碳原子但是优选具有8-20个碳原子的烷基,例如十二烷基苯磺酸。其它适宜的磺酸包括烷基磺酸和卤代芳基或烷基磺酸,例如三氟甲磺酸。
惰性液体稀释剂中酸性重排催化剂的浓度优选在0.05-5%重量,更优选0.07-0.2%重量的范围内。在连续方法中,该浓度可以在含有溶解的酸性重排催化剂的线性甲基氢硅氧烷和稀释剂从分离步骤(C)再循环到重排步骤(B)时监控,并且可以根据需要通过加入更多催化剂或者稀释剂来调节。
重排反应进行时的温度并不重要,并且通常可以在大于约惰性稀释剂的冰点至约150℃的范围内。优选温度在约0℃-40℃的范围内,例如室温。进行排列过程时的压力并不重要并且可以是环境压力。
进行重排反应的容器可以是任意类型的罐或反应器,例如任选搅拌的单个罐或者管反应器。反应时间可以是从1分钟到24小时或者更长;重排反应是平衡反应并且平衡通常是在催化剂与硅氧烷和溶剂接触时进行。在催化剂与惰性稀释剂一起连续再循环经过重排和分离步骤的连续方法中催化剂、硅氧烷和溶剂的典型的停留时间是0.5-10小时,特别是1-5小时。由于重排反应是平衡反应,因此延长接触时间没有害处。
用式(RHSiO)n描述可以通过本发明方法回收的环状有机氢硅氧烷,其中R如前所述,n是3-约12的整数。从本发明方法回收的优选有机氢硅氧烷是R为甲基并且n是4、5或6的那些。从本发明方法中回收环状有机氢硅氧烷的方法并不重要,并且可以是从混合物中分离环状硅氧烷的本领域已知的标准方法。例如,重排的水解物可以经闪蒸将环状有机氢硅氧烷与较高沸点的线性有机氢硅氧烷和大量惰性液体稀释剂分离。回收的较高沸点的线性有机氢硅氧烷和稀释剂以及其中溶解的催化剂可以再循环到重排反应器中。如果需要的话,回收的含有环状有机氢硅氧烷的较低沸点馏分可以用另外的水处理以进行低沸点线性物质向较高沸点线性物质的聚合并便于其与环状有机氢硅氧烷分离。所得水相可以通过标准方法例如重量分离或膜分离除去。含有环状有机氢硅氧烷的馏分然后可以经蒸馏以将环状有机氢硅氧烷与较高沸点的线性物质分离。该较高沸点的线性物质然后可以再循环到重排反应器中以进一步加工。
提供下面的实施例描述本发明,其中百分比以重量计。该实施例包括附图,它是显示从实施例1的重排反应器中排出的混合物中的环状有机氢硅氧烷的浓度相对时间以及实施例1中环状有机氢硅氧烷的产率相对时间的图表,所述产率是以氯硅烷进料为基础的理论产率%。
实施例1
将甲基二氯硅烷CH3SiCl2与化学计量当量的水(即0.5mol水/mol与硅键合的氯)在蒸汽加热的连续水解反应器中混合。将水解反应器保持在60psig并且控制反应器的温度使排出反应器的水解物在约33℃的温度下。通过气相色谱法(GC)使用火焰离子检测器(FID)对排出反应器的水解物进行分析,发现包括约95重量%的线性氯封端的甲基氢硅氧烷物质和约5重量%的环状甲基氢硅氧烷物质。在含有0.1%十二烷基苯磺酸催化剂的′Isopar P′烃溶剂中将该水解物稀释至约20%。收集得自水解反应的过量HCl气体供重新使用。
在环境温度和压力下将含有催化剂的稀释的水解物加入到单个重排反应器罐中。稀释的水解物在反应器中的停留时间是约3小时。排出重排反应器中的产物的GC-FID分析显示,硅氧烷组分由约70重量%的线性氯封端的甲基氢硅氧烷物质和约30重量%的环状甲基氢硅氧烷物质组成。
将得自重排反应器的产物加热以驱除含水HCl,在闪蒸滚筒中于真空下汽提,然后真空蒸馏并使环状物质和低沸点线性物质从塔顶馏出。将底部馏分冷却并再循环到重排反应器中。
使得自闪蒸的塔顶馏分(粗产物)中的残余氯与碳酸钙氯化钙水体系接触从而将其除去。最终在氧化镁床中干燥产物。将回收的环状甲基氢硅氧烷馏分通过GC-FID分析和发现包括99.7重量%的四聚物、五聚物和六聚物的环状甲基氢硅氧烷。将该过程连续进行约20天。
结果示于图1。排出重排反应器的混合物中的%环状物恒定地是大于4%,和平均大于5%。以氯硅烷进料为基础,环状甲基氢硅氧烷的产率恒定地是理论产率的大于80%,并且平均为理论产率的约100%。理论平衡数据的%是得自使用“标准”固体催化剂Amberlyst(商标)磺化二乙烯基苯苯乙烯共聚物的实验室试验的硅氧烷和环状物平衡浓度之间的经验关系的比较。
当在重排反应器中使用固体催化剂的固定床进行实施例1的方法时,如US-A-5395956所述,代替向溶剂中加入十二烷基苯磺酸催化剂,排出重排反应器的混合物中的%环状物可变,但通常在1%-3%的范围内。
Claims (6)
1、一种制备环状有机氢硅氧烷的方法,包括:(A)使式RHSiCl2的硅烷与水接触,形成包括环状有机氢硅氧烷和线性有机氢硅氧烷的水解物,其中R选自具有1-12个碳原子的烷基和芳基,和(B)在惰性液体稀释剂的存在下使该水解物与酸性重排催化剂接触,以增加水解物中环状有机氢硅氧烷与线性有机氢硅氧烷的比率,特征在于酸性重排催化剂是溶解在存在的惰性稀释剂中的含有强酸基团的有机化合物。
2、权利要求1的方法,特征在于酸性重排催化剂是磺酸。
3、权利要求2的方法,特征在于磺酸是烷基芳基磺酸。
4、权利要求3的方法,特征在于磺酸是十二烷基苯磺酸。
5、权利要求1-4任一项的方法,特征在于该方法是包括如下步骤的连续方法:(C)通过使环状甲基氢硅氧烷与线性甲基氢硅氧烷和稀释剂分离来回收环状甲基氢硅氧烷,和(D将得自步骤(C)的含有溶解的酸性重排催化剂的线性甲基氢硅氧烷和稀释剂再循环至步骤(B)中。
6、权利要求1-5任一项的方法,特征在于稀释剂中酸性重排催化剂的浓度在0.05-5%重量的范围内。
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CN109233285A (zh) * | 2018-08-27 | 2019-01-18 | 扬中市惠丰包装有限公司 | 一种硅橡胶废料裂解回收再利用方法 |
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CN109233285A (zh) * | 2018-08-27 | 2019-01-18 | 扬中市惠丰包装有限公司 | 一种硅橡胶废料裂解回收再利用方法 |
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