CN1819800B - 夹紧装置 - Google Patents

夹紧装置 Download PDF

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CN1819800B
CN1819800B CN038268957A CN03826895A CN1819800B CN 1819800 B CN1819800 B CN 1819800B CN 038268957 A CN038268957 A CN 038268957A CN 03826895 A CN03826895 A CN 03826895A CN 1819800 B CN1819800 B CN 1819800B
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screw
hole
clamping device
longitudinal cut
length
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CN1819800A (zh
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A·尼德贝格尔
C·施莱夫利
P·吉凯尔
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AO Technology AG
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Synthes AG Chur
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/60—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like for external osteosynthesis, e.g. distractors, contractors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/80—Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates
    • A61B17/8033—Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates having indirect contact with screw heads, or having contact with screw heads maintained with the aid of additional components, e.g. nuts, wedges or head covers
    • A61B17/8047—Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates having indirect contact with screw heads, or having contact with screw heads maintained with the aid of additional components, e.g. nuts, wedges or head covers wherein the additional element surrounds the screw head in the plate hole
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B9/00—Connections of rods or tubular parts to flat surfaces at an angle
    • F16B9/05—Connections of rods or tubular parts to flat surfaces at an angle by way of an intermediate member
    • F16B9/054—Connections of rods or tubular parts to flat surfaces at an angle by way of an intermediate member the intermediate member being threaded
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B9/00—Connections of rods or tubular parts to flat surfaces at an angle
    • F16B9/05—Connections of rods or tubular parts to flat surfaces at an angle by way of an intermediate member
    • F16B9/056—Connections of rods or tubular parts to flat surfaces at an angle by way of an intermediate member the intermediate member extending through the flat surface; the rod or tubular part extending through the flat surface
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/8625—Shanks, i.e. parts contacting bone tissue
    • A61B17/863—Shanks, i.e. parts contacting bone tissue with thread interrupted or changing its form along shank, other than constant taper
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/864—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor hollow, e.g. with socket or cannulated
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/8665—Nuts
    • A61B2017/867—Nuts with integral locking or clamping means
    • A61B2017/8675—Nuts with integral locking or clamping means clamping effect due to tapering, e.g. conical thread
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B2/00—Friction-grip releasable fastenings
    • F16B2/02—Clamps, i.e. with gripping action effected by positive means other than the inherent resistance to deformation of the material of the fastening
    • F16B2/06—Clamps, i.e. with gripping action effected by positive means other than the inherent resistance to deformation of the material of the fastening external, i.e. with contracting action
    • F16B2/065—Clamps, i.e. with gripping action effected by positive means other than the inherent resistance to deformation of the material of the fastening external, i.e. with contracting action using screw-thread elements
    • F16B9/026—

Abstract

夹紧装置用于夹紧一纵向的固定元件(2)。该装置包括一至少部分截锥形构成的结构高度为H的螺钉(3)，该螺钉具有一圆锥轴线(4)和一带有螺纹(6)的圆锥形外表面(5)，还包括一同轴于圆锥轴线(4)延伸的通孔(7)用以容纳纵向的固定元件(2)、一具有用于拧入螺钉(3)的装置(9)的后端(8)和一前端(1)。螺钉(3)的前端(1)设有至少一个长度为L的纵向切口(10)，其径向延伸直到通孔(7)，从而可至少部分地径向压缩螺钉(3)。夹紧装置包括一具有多个板孔的骨板，其中至少一个板孔具有一圆锥形孔，该圆锥形孔适合安装螺钉并且至少在前端的区域内径向压缩该螺钉，并且螺钉的通孔的内壁被糙化或构造成宏观的。

Description

夹紧装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种夹紧装置。
背景技术
在儿科中有需要接近生长接缝地处理骨折，而同时不损伤生长接缝，因为否则骨不再可能继续生长。因此代替在骨缝合术中通常的骨螺钉，人们为此采用通常所谓的基尔希纳钢丝(Kirschner钢丝)。其具有很小的直径，并因此如果一般而论发生生长接缝的损伤的话也只是造成边缘的损害。但该手术技术的缺点在于，只利用一基尔希纳钢丝不可能压缩骨折。因此将植入物构造成可借助于一无头螺钉将一小球横向于基尔希纳钢丝固定在植入的基尔希纳钢丝上，从而固定基尔希纳钢丝的最终位置。借助于一经由一预定断裂点固定连接于无头螺钉的工具拧紧位于球内的无头螺钉，在完成固定以后按规定截掉该工具，从而已实施的球的固定和定位不再能退回。
发明内容
在这里本发明将消除弊端。本发明的目的在于，提供一种夹紧装置用以可逆地夹紧一纵向的固定元件，特别是一基尔希纳钢丝。
本发明提出一种用于夹紧一纵向的固定元件的夹紧装置，它包括一至少部分截锥形地构成的结构高度为H的螺钉，该螺钉具有一圆锥轴线和一带有螺纹的圆锥形外表面，还具有一同轴于圆锥轴线延伸的用于容纳纵向的固定元件的通孔、一具有用于拧入螺钉的装置的后端和一前端，其中，螺钉的前端设有至少一个长度为L的纵向切口，所述纵向切口径向延伸直到通孔，从而可至少部分地径向压缩螺钉；其特征在于，夹紧装置包括一具有多个板孔的骨板，其中至少一个板孔具有一圆锥形孔，该圆锥形孔适合安装螺钉并且至少在前端的区域内径向压缩该螺钉，并且螺钉的通孔的内壁被糙化或构造成宏观的。
通过本发明达到的优点在于，夹紧装置与夹紧环一起能够将一基尔希纳钢丝可轴向移动地安装于其通孔中。然后可以将基尔希纳钢丝定位在要求的位置，并且通过拧入在其前部区域可压缩构成的夹紧装置将其固定于夹紧环中。如果仍不满意基尔希纳钢丝的位置，这还可以多次重复进行，而不同于按现有技术的装置。因此该优点在于，没有用一单独的很小的无头螺钉实现横向的夹紧，而是实现一直接的轴向夹紧而不要附加的构件，并且夹紧是可逆的。
与现有技术相比的另一优点是，可以沿基尔希纳钢丝的轴线实现夹紧。在现有技术中需要横向于基尔希纳钢丝拧入无头螺钉，这使手术技术和操作变得复杂。
但该夹紧装置的应用方面并不限于儿科，而是通用的，例如也可用于近侧的肱骨。
在一特别的实施形式中螺钉的螺纹构成为双头的，这便于螺钉的拧入，因为它比用单头的螺纹可更快速地嵌入圆锥形孔和其互补的内螺纹中。
在另一实施形式中螺钉的前端设有三个或四个纵向切口，其优选以均匀的间距设置。
在另一实施形式中夹紧装置包括一夹紧环，其包括一中心轴线和一同轴于该中心轴线延伸的圆锥形孔，它适合安装螺钉并且至少在前端的区域内径向压缩该螺钉。
在一特别的实施形式中，纵向切口的长度L小于螺钉的结构高度H并且优选L＜0.8H。
按本发明，螺钉的通孔的内壁被糙化或具有宏观的构造。借此达到改进的夹紧效果。
夹紧装置也可以与一骨板一起应用，该骨板具有多个板孔，其中至少一个板孔具有一圆锥形孔，其适合安装夹紧装置的螺钉并且至少在前端的区域内径向压缩该螺钉。因此代替骨螺钉，一基尔希纳钢丝也可穿过板孔并固定于其中。
附图说明
以下借助多个实施例的部分的示意图还要更详细地说明本发明和本发明的进一步构成。其中：
图1夹紧装置包括一夹紧环在夹紧以前的透视图；
图2按图1的夹紧装置包括一夹紧环的纵剖面图；
图3夹紧装置与一插入其中的基尔希纳钢丝在夹紧环中夹紧以后的纵剖面图；以及
图4夹紧装置包括一骨板和一基尔希纳钢丝的纵剖面图。
具体实施方式
图1和2示出夹紧装置的一个实施形式，其包括一具有圆锥轴线4的部分截锥形的螺钉3和一具有中心轴线12的夹紧环11。螺钉3在外表面5上设有圆锥形螺纹6，并由一通孔7同轴于圆锥轴线4穿过并且借助于四个基本上平行于圆锥轴线4延伸的纵向切口10在长度L的前段上构成为径向弹性的。各纵向切口10从螺钉的前端1测量具有一长度L，在螺钉3的前端1是敞开的并且从外表面5径向一直穿到通孔7。在一垂直于圆锥轴线4的横截面内观察，各纵向切口10对称分布在螺钉3的圆环形壁上。
螺钉3还在后端8包括一圆柱形部分，在那里设置用于拧入螺钉3的装置(Mittel)9，其同轴于圆锥轴线4从螺钉3的后端8穿进。用于拧入螺钉3的装置9在这里构成为内六角孔，但可以具有任何任意的适用的形式。
如图1中所示，待与螺钉3一起应用的夹紧环11在外面同轴于其中心轴线12构成为圆柱形的并且包括一圆锥形孔13，其具有互补于螺钉3的螺纹6的内螺纹16。在将螺钉3拧入夹紧环11中时，通过螺钉3的圆锥形的构造和与其互补构成的圆锥形孔13使螺钉3在其长度L的径向弹性部分上被径向压缩，同时也缩小通孔7的垂直于圆锥轴线4的横截面，从而将一在通孔7中夹紧的固定元件2(图3)、例如一基尔希纳钢丝固定于螺钉3中。
图4中示出一截锥形螺钉3连同一骨板14和一固定元件2、例如一基尔希纳钢丝。螺钉3与图1至3中所示的实施形式没有区别。代替夹紧环11(图1-3)，按该实施形式的夹紧装置包括一骨板14，其包括多个具有圆锥形内螺纹20的圆锥形板孔15。圆锥形内螺纹20构成为互补于螺钉3的外表面5上的螺纹6，从而各一个螺钉可拧入一个板孔15中。正如在图1-3中所示的实施形式，当将一螺钉3拧入一板孔15中时，夹紧装置通过螺钉3的截锥形构造与同其互补构成的圆锥形板孔15将螺钉3在其长度L的径向弹性的部分径向压缩。
螺钉3和夹紧环11或骨板14上的与其互补的结构的尺寸的适用范围对于不同的实施形式列举如下：
螺钉3的高度H：3mm-7mm；
纵向切口的长度：2.5mm-4.5mm；
纵向切口的宽度：0.3mm-1.2mm；
螺钉外壳的厚度：呈圆锥形从0.8mm渐增至4.0mm；
通孔的直径：1.0mm-3.0mm；
通孔与基尔希纳钢丝间的间隙：0到0.1mm；
锥度：15°-25°；
一双头螺纹的螺距：0.6-1.1mm，典型地0.8mm。

Claims (5)

1.用于夹紧一纵向的固定元件(2)的夹紧装置，它包括一至少部分截锥形地构成的结构高度为H的螺钉(3)，该螺钉(3)具有一圆锥轴线(4)和一带有螺纹(6)的圆锥形外表面(5)，还具有一同轴于圆锥轴线(4)延伸的用于容纳纵向的固定元件(2)的通孔(7)、一具有用于拧入螺钉(3)的装置(9)的后端(8)和一前端(1)，其中，螺钉(3)的前端(1)设有至少一个长度为L的纵向切口(10)，所述纵向切口径向延伸直到通孔(7)，从而可至少部分地径向压缩螺钉(3)；其特征在于，夹紧装置包括一具有多个板孔(15)的骨板(14)，其中至少一个板孔(15)具有一圆锥形孔(13)，该圆锥形孔适合安装螺钉(3)并且至少在前端(1)的区域内径向压缩该螺钉，并且螺钉(3)的通孔(7)的内壁被糙化或构造成宏观的。
2.按照权利要求1所述的夹紧装置，其特征在于，螺纹(6)构成为双头的。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的夹紧装置，其特征在于，螺钉(3)的前端(1)设有三个或四个纵向切口(10)。
4.按照权利要求1或2所述的夹紧装置，其特征在于，纵向切口(10)的长度L小于螺钉(3)的结构高度H。
5.按照权利要求3所述的夹紧装置，其特征在于，纵向切口(10)的长度L小于螺钉(3)的结构高度H。
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ATE494846T1 (de) 2011-01-15
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AR045199A1 (es) 2005-10-19
KR101193368B1 (ko) 2012-10-19
US20060195104A1 (en) 2006-08-31
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NZ545077A (en) 2008-11-28
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