CN1816440A - 局部加强的层板 - Google Patents

局部加强的层板 Download PDF

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CN1816440A
CN1816440A CNA2004800186804A CN200480018680A CN1816440A CN 1816440 A CN1816440 A CN 1816440A CN A2004800186804 A CNA2004800186804 A CN A2004800186804A CN 200480018680 A CN200480018680 A CN 200480018680A CN 1816440 A CN1816440 A CN 1816440A
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CN100522576C (zh
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阿卜杜勒·法兹尔·拉贾巴利
马克斯·阿尔然·马克施泰因
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GKN Fokker Aerospace BV
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Abstract

一种由金属层和位于所述各金属层之间的塑料粘合层构成的层板，其中所述层板包括至少两个大致连续延伸的外侧金属层和一个内侧金属层。至少一个所述内侧金属层具有至少一个开口，并且在所述开口的位置处，其他金属层和塑料粘合层被粘结在一起以形成厚度减小的堆叠部。所述层板的相对较薄的部分可用于力的转移。

Description

局部加强的层板
技术领域
本发明涉及由金属层与位于所述各金属层之间的塑料粘合层构成的层板(叠层体)，其中所述层板包括两个大致连续延伸的外侧金属层和至少一个内侧金属层。此种层板是公知的并且被使用在可用于各种不同目的的板材中。具体地讲，这些板材可以是使用在航空和太空航行工业中的高刚度和高强度、轻质的板材。此种板材还可使用在其他领域，例如船艇、公路车辆和集装箱等。
背景技术
由于层板的有利特性，板材可具有相当小的厚度，而仍旧满足关于刚度和强度的要求。这在航空和太空航行工业中尤其是一个主要优点。然而，恰恰由于这种小厚度，所以此种板材还具有缺陷。尤其在板材正被固定至诸如构架、加强板等的其他结构部分时，这些缺陷暴露出来。在实施所述固定操作的位置处出现了力的转移，并且这尤其在使用了铆钉和螺栓的固定方法的情况下可引起应力集中的危险。
发明内容
薄的层板仅仅在受限的程度上可以缓解这种应力集中。本发明的目的因而在于提供一种上述类型的层板，其在与构架等进行局部连接时表现出优异的性能，而同时其他的优点，例如相对轻的重量和良好的机械性能不会受到显著不利地影响。该目的通过以下方式实现，即至少一个所述内侧金属层具有至少一个开口，并且在所述开口的位置处，其他金属层和塑料粘合层被粘结在一起以形成厚度减小的堆叠部(packet)。
带有开口的金属层在层板内，并且优选在预想的结构内必须进行连接的确切点处，形成局部增厚。例如，如上所述，可以在构架或加强板必须被固定至板材的点处。层板的局部增加的厚度导致了在那里更大的应力集中，并且还导致了力从铆钉排等处逐渐转移到层板的其他较薄部分。
取决于最终的结构，所提及的金属层内的开口可包括许多不同的类型。具体地讲，所述开口可沿周边方向封闭。
所述各开口的总表面积可与设有开口的金属层的剩余部分的表面积具有相同的量级；此外，所述各开口的总表面积可大于设有开口的金属层的剩余部分的表面积。
根据本发明的层板可以各种不同的方式被构造；设有开口的金属层优选被安置于具有或者不具有纤维加强部的对应粘合层之间。根据第一可能性，设有开口的层可在每一侧粘结至纤维加强的塑料粘合层，在所述开口的位置处，各纤维加强的塑料粘合层无间断地连续，并且在该位置处被粘结在一起。
在另一实施方式中，设有开口的层可在一侧粘结至纤维加强的塑料粘合层，并且在另一侧借助于没有纤维加强的塑料粘合层被粘结至另一金属层。在所述开口的位置处，与所述设有开口的金属层粘结的纤维加强的塑料粘合层被粘结至所述另一金属层。
金属层的厚度优选小于1.5mm，并且优选介于0.1mm与0.8mm之间。塑料粘合层可包括碳纤维、芳纶纤维或玻璃纤维。金属层可以是Al、Cu、Mg、Ti、Sc和/或这些金属的合金。
附图说明
以下将参看附图中示出的多个示意性实施例更加详细说明本发明。
图1示出了根据层板的第一实施例的横断面；
图2示出了第二实施例的横断面；
图3示出了由根据本发明的层板构成的板材的透视图；
图4至12示出了层板的其他实施例；
图13至16示出了在层板中具有凹入和突起区域的各种不同的图案。
具体实施方式
由图1所示的层板包括多个连续的金属层1、2和3，以及多个连续的纤维加强的塑料粘合层4、5和6。在所示的示意性实施例中，纤维加强的塑料粘合层4、5和6分别包括两个具有期望纤维指向的纤维层7、8。
根据本发明，在金属层2与3之间设置另一金属层9，在所述金属层9内设有开口10。在所述开口10的位置处，纤维加强的塑料粘合层5和6被彼此相互粘结一起。剩余的开口区域用粘合剂11充满。
可从图1的横断面、和图3的透视图中看出来，在金属层9内的开口10的位置处，凹形部分12形成在板材内，并且被较厚的边缘区域13包围。这些边缘区域13适合于用作为固定区域，例如用于构架、加强板等。将这些构架、加强板等固定至层板的螺栓或铆钉以这样的方式被支承在所述相对较厚的边缘区域13内，即应力集中保持限制在可接受的级别上。凹形部分12形成了由所述层板制成的板材的剩余部分，并且所述凹形部分12被设计成可以吸纳在相关结构中出现的通常无扰动的剪切应力以及拉伸和弯曲应力。
在一方面，由于所述凹形部分12，这产生了具有相对小重量的板材的优点，而在另一方面，所述板材仍旧适合于在加厚的边缘区域13处固定至其他结构部分，如图3所示。
在图2的改型中，层板同样包括三个连续的金属层1、2和3。此外，存在两个连续的纤维加强的塑料粘合层4、6。在这种情况下，设有开口10的金属层9通过没有纤维加强的不连续的粘结层14被粘结至所述金属层2。纤维加强的塑料粘合层6在所述开口10的位置处被粘结至位于其下的金属层2。
在与图3所示基本上相同的图4的改型中，设有开口10的金属层9借助于没有纤维加强的连续的粘结层14被粘结至金属层2。在这种情况下，纤维加强的塑料粘合层15在所述开口10的位置处是不连续的。
通过图5至12所示的其他、非穷举的可能性，将清楚本发明并不受限于这些改型的事实。在这些附图中，与图1和2的实施例中的层相应的层由相同的附图标记表示。图5不仅示出了不连续的金属层9，还示出了另一不连续的金属层9′。在凹形部分12的位置处，金属层9′的各开口彼此相互逐阶地对正。除了所述附加的金属层9′和间断的纤维加强的塑料粘合层15以外，该改型与图2所示的相同。
图6所示的改型具有一个附加的间断的金属层9′和两个间断的纤维加强的塑料粘合层15、15′。
在图7所示的改型的情况中，不像图6所示的改型，纤维层15、15′并不分别延伸直至纤维层6和15。
在图8所示的改型的情况中，外侧金属层3在凹部12的高度位置处粘结至纤维加强的塑料层6，并且所述外侧金属层3沿着其一小部分粘结至纤维加强的粘合层15。在该外侧层3与第二间断的金属层9′之间的连接采用的是没有纤维加强的粘结层14的形式。
同样在图9所示的改型中，在两个间断的金属层9、9′之间同样设置一没有纤维加强的粘结层14。
在图10所示的改型中，借助于没有纤维加强的粘结层14、14′，连续的金属层2、间断的金属层9和间断的金属层9′全都被彼此相互固定在一起。
在图11中，连续的金属层2将间断的金属层9、9′之间分开。
图12基本上与图2所示的改型相同，在这种情况下的理解是，一纤维加强的塑料粘结层15设置在连续的金属层与间断的金属层9之间。
图13a至13f的俯视图中的改型示出了由突起区域13和凹形区域12构成的各种不同的图案。
图14示出了具有包围多个凹形方格12的框架13的层板的俯视图。
图15的改型示出了具有包围平行细长的凹形区域12的框架13的层板，这种包围例如在构架的位置处以壳体(fuselage)形式或者在肋部的位置处以翼部的形式。
图16所示的改型示出了，框架13可包括多个部分，即两个最外侧的框架部分21、22，它们在接缝23的位置处彼此相互紧密靠近安放，以及条带部24，每个所述条带部在接缝25、26的位置处分别靠近框架部分21、22安放。

Claims (16)

1.由金属层(1至3，9)和位于所述各金属层(1至3，9)之间的塑料粘合层(4至6)构成的层板，其中所述层板包括两个大致连续延伸的外侧金属层(1、3)和至少一个内侧金属层(2，9)，其特征在于，至少一个所述内侧金属层(9)具有至少一个开口(10)，并且在所述开口(10)的位置处，其他金属层(1至3)和塑料粘合层(4至6)被粘结在一起以形成厚度减小的堆叠部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的层板，其特征在于，至少一个所述开口(10)沿周边方向被封闭。
3.根据前述权利要求任一所述的层板，其特征在于，所述开口(10)的总表面积与设有开口的金属层(9)的剩余部分(13)的表面积具有相同的量级。
4.根据前述权利要求任一所述的层板，其特征在于，所述开口(10)的总表面积大于设有开口的金属层(9)的剩余部分(13)的表面积。
5.根据前述权利要求任一所述的层板，其特征在于，设有开口(10)的金属层(9)位于塑料粘合层之间。
6.根据权利要求5所述的层板，其特征在于，所述设有开口(10)的金属层(9)在每一侧粘结至塑料粘合层(5、6)，其中在所述开口(10)的位置处，塑料粘合层(5、6)无间断地连续，并且在该位置处粘结在一起。
7.根据前述权利要求任一所述的层板，其特征在于，至少一个所述塑料粘合层(5、6)包括纤维加强部。
8.根据权利要求5和7所述的层板，其特征在于，所述设有开口(10)的金属层(9)在一侧被粘结至一纤维加强的塑料粘合层，并在另一侧借助于没有纤维加强的粘合层(14)被粘结至另一金属层(2)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的层板，其特征在于，在所述开口(10)的位置处，与所述设有开口的金属层(9)粘结的所述纤维加强的塑料粘合层(6)被粘结至所述另一金属层(2)。
10.根据前述权利要求任一所述的层板，其特征在于，设置多个内侧金属层，至少两个所述内侧金属层分别具有至少一个开口，并且不同的金属层的开口至少部分地彼此相互覆盖。11.根据权利要求10所述的层板，其特征在于，所述各开口彼此相互对正，并且一起形成带有台阶的收缩形状。
12.根据前述权利要求任一所述的层板，其特征在于，所述设有开口的金属层(9)形成框架(13)。
13.根据前述权利要求任一所述的层板，其特征在于，所述具有至少一个开口的金属层中的至少一个金属层包括彼此相互连接的金属层部分。
14.根据前述权利要求任一所述的层板，其特征在于，金属层的厚度小于1.5mm。
15.根据前述权利要求任一所述的层板，其特征在于，金属层的厚度介于0.1与0.8mm之间。
16.根据前述权利要求任一所述的层板，其特征在于，塑料粘合层包括碳纤维、芳纶纤维或玻璃纤维。
17.根据前述权利要求任一所述的层板，其特征在于，金属层包括Al、Cu、Mg、Ti、Sc和/或这些金属的合金。
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