CN1816388A - 高压伪恒温化学反应器 - Google Patents

高压伪恒温化学反应器 Download PDF

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CN1816388A
CN1816388A CNA2004800189126A CN200480018912A CN1816388A CN 1816388 A CN1816388 A CN 1816388A CN A2004800189126 A CNA2004800189126 A CN A2004800189126A CN 200480018912 A CN200480018912 A CN 200480018912A CN 1816388 A CN1816388 A CN 1816388A
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chemical reactor
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inner chamber
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埃尔曼诺·菲利皮
恩里科·里西
米尔科·塔罗左
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Casale SA
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Methanol Casale SA
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Abstract

一种伪恒温化学反应器包括：多个具有实质扁平矩型形状的箱式、板形热交换器，所述交换器由一对间隔开且沿周长连接的并置金属板形成，确定了热交换操作流体横穿过的内部腔。间隔元件位于所述金属板之间。反应器可被用于高压尿素生产。

Description

高压伪恒温化学反应器
技术领域
本发明总体涉及以高压操作并包括其中所谓板型的多个热交换器被浸入的反应空间的伪恒温化学反应器。
在下面的描述和后面的权利要求中，对于术语“伪恒温化学反应器”，我们意思是指这种化学反应器，其中：反应在尽可能贴近地围绕预定最佳值的周围的数值范围的受控温度执行。
对于术语“板式交换器”，我们意思是指具有实质扁平矩型形状的箱式、板形热交换器，该交换器由一对间隔开且沿周长连接的并置金属板形成，确定了热交换操作流体穿过的内部腔。
背景技术
为了在伪恒温条件中执行反应，在其中发生所述反应的反应器的反应空间内，需要将温度控制在预定数值范围内。
因为这一原因，当反应放热时，需要除去热量，而当反应吸热时，需要提供热量。
为此，热交换器被使用、浸入反应空间中，且由负责热交换的工作流体穿过内部，即用于从反应区域带走热量，或向反应区供应热量。
在不同类型的热交换器中，由于使伪恒温化学反应器中的温度得到充分的控制，前述类型的板式热交换器已发现特定和有利的用途。
对于这种交换器，然而主要由于其扁平形状以及包括公认的低耐压性而显出了技术缺陷，由于该原因，在它们可能用于的例如尿素合成的高压反应环境中，它们会被压扁和弯曲。
由于这种变形，交换器内部的工作流体的通过截面减小。
因此，工作热交换流体不再能够穿过交换器而与反应区域交换热量，为此原因，反应区域不再以伪恒温条件下工作，反应量实质减小。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题在于提供一种配置浸入反应区域中的所谓板型热交换器的伪恒温化学反应器，该板型热交换器能够经受得住反应区(高压)和交换器自身内部(低压)之间的高压差，而这些交换器不会变形或弯曲，从而克服现有技术的缺陷。
一种伪恒温化学反应器解决了上述技术问题，其包括：多个具有实质扁平矩型形状的箱式、板形热交换器，所述交换器由一对间隔开且沿周长连接的并置金属板形成，确定了热交换操作流体沿预定方向穿过的内部腔，其特征在于：所述热交换器包括放置在所述内部腔内、所述金属板之间的间隔元件。
参照下面的附图，通过对下述用于说明而非限制目的的根据本发明的化学反应器的一个实施例的详细描述，本发明的其它特征和优点将更加清晰。
附图说明
图1示意性地显示了根据本发明的反应器的断面视图。
图2示意性地显示了图1的细节的透视图；
图3示意性地显示了图2的细节的分离部分的透视图。
图4是示意性地显示了沿图2的直线IV-IV的断面；
图5示意性地显示了根据本发明的一个变型的沿图2的直线IV-IV的断面。
图6示意性地显示了根据图5的变型的图2的细节的一个细节。
具体实施方式
参照图1-6，根据本发明的伪恒温化学反应器总体由1表示。
反应器1包括：由各个基板(上部基板3和下部基板4)在相对端处封闭的实质圆柱形外壳2；位于所述外壳2内部且由图1中直线A-A和B-B代表性地确定的反应空间或区域6。
该伪恒温化学反应器包括：与上部基板3流体连通的上部开口14；和与下部基板4流体连通的下部开口15，它们分别用作反应物的入口和反应产物的出口。
在反应空间6中，多个具有实质扁平矩形形状的箱式、板形热交换器7被浸入，其中：每个热交换器由一对并置的金属板8，8a形成，金属板8，8a经侧面元件13被间隔开并沿周长连接，借助焊接22，它们与侧面元件13联接，以确定一个由热交换工作流体沿预定方向穿过的内腔9。
两个开口16和17也被设置，分别用于向热交换器馈送热交换工作流体和从热交换器排放热交换工作流体。为此，在交换器7上方，反应器1内部配置有分配导管18，分配导管18经开口16与反应器1的外部流体连通，并经适合的接头19与热交换器7的内部流体连通。采用类似的方式，反应器1包括：收集导管20，其在热交换器7下方的位置中，与交换器7，接头21的内部流体连通，并经开口17与反应器1的外部流体连通。
接头19和21又分别经适合的开口10，11与热交换器7流体连通，用于所述热交换工作流体分别进入所述热交换器7，和从所述热交换器7排出。
根据本发明，每个热交换器7优选包括布置在每个交换器内部、放置在腔9内部、金属板8，8a之间的间隔件12。
上述间隔件12优选地但不局限于由金属网、拉伸金属板(stretchedmetallic plate)、格栅或具有回纹(fret)的板或具有带有平行皱折(fold)的折叠轮廓(concertina profile)的板。
特别是根据图4所示的本发明的第一实施例，间隔件12优选结构独立于交换器7。
被插入热交换器7内部的所述间隔件12实现了在交换器的金属板8，8a上分布的约束支撑。
根据本发明，反应物流经开口14进入反应反应器1中，并在反应区域6内部起反应以给出反应物与反应产物的混合物，借助于开口15，反应物与反应产物的混合物接着被排放到反应器1的外部。在反应区域6内部，反应物和反应产物利用热交换器7与热交换工作流体交换热量，从而使伪恒温的状态在反应区域6内部得到保持。
借助于上述配置，获得了一种伪恒温化学反应器，其中：热交换器能够在其中压力比交换器本身内部的压力更大的反应环境中工作。这种交换器不会压扁也不会弯曲，而甚至在高的外部压力下保持其热交换能力不发生变化，从而解决上述现有技术的技术问题，并克服其缺陷。
根据本发明的反应器而尤其交换器7特别适用于例如尿素生产的过程，其中：反应器内部的压力能够达到250巴，而交换器内部的工作压力通常仅为6巴。
根据本发明的另一实施例，间隔元件12，例如金属网，优选在预定焊接点100处被焊接到热交换器7的板8，8a。在图5-6的实例中，焊接点100被以五点排列(quincunx)图案排列。可选地，焊接点100能够沿间隔元件12以方形或三角形间距均匀分布。
借助于焊接点100，间隔元件12还执行了金属板8，8a的“系杆”的功能，而热交换器7因此能够在其中因为意外和临时原因，内部压力大于反应空间6的外部压力的情况中耐久，而不会变形。这种情况可以例如在反应器操作的短期期间(打开或关闭)发生，和由于其故障而发生。
通过增加焊接点100的数目并减小一个点与另一个点之间的间距，对热交换器7的内部压力的抑制得以增加。
如此构思的本发明容许所有落入本发明的概念内，从而落入由所附权利要求确定的本发明本身的保护范围内的其它变形和修改。

Claims (10)

1.伪恒温化学反应器(1)，包括：多个具有实质扁平矩形形状的箱式、板形热交换器(7)，所述交换器由一对间隔开且沿周长连接的并置金属板(8，8a)形成，由此确定热交换操作流体沿预定方向穿过的内部腔(9)，其特征在于：所述热交换器(7)包括放置在所述内部腔(9)内、所述金属板(8，8a)之间的间隔元件(12)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化学反应器，其特征在于：所述间隔件(12)包括金属网、拉伸金属板、格栅或具有回纹的板或具有带有平行皱折的折叠轮廓的板。
3.根据权利要求1所述的化学反应器，其特征在于：所述间隔元件(12)在结构上独立于所述交换器(7)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的化学反应器，其特征在于：所述间隔元件(12)在预定焊接点(100)处被焊接到所述热交换器(7)的板(8，8a)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的化学反应器，其特征在于：所述焊接点(100)以五点排列图案布置。
6.具有实质扁平矩形形状的箱式、板形热交换器(7)，所述交换器由一对间隔开且沿周长连接的并置金属板(8，8a)形成，由此确定热交换操作流体沿预定方向穿过的内部腔(9)，其特征在于：所述热交换器(7)包括放置在所述内部腔(9)内、所述金属板(8，8a)之间的间隔元件(12)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的热交换器(7)，其特征在于：所述间隔件(12)包括金属网、拉伸金属板、格栅或具有回纹的板或具有带有平行皱折的折叠轮廓的板。
8.根据权利要求6所述的热交换器(7)，其特征在于：所述间隔元件(12)在结构上独立于所述热交换器(7)。
9.根据权利要求6所述的热交换器(7)，其特征在于：所述间隔元件(12)在预定焊接点(100)处被焊接到所述热交换器(7)的板(8，8a)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的热交换器(7)，其特征在于：所述焊接点(100)以五点排列图案布置。
CNA2004800189126A 2003-11-03 2004-10-01 高压伪恒温化学反应器 Pending CN1816388A (zh)

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