CN1646213A - 催化床反应器用板式热交换器 - Google Patents

催化床反应器用板式热交换器 Download PDF

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CN1646213A
CN1646213A CNA038077396A CN03807739A CN1646213A CN 1646213 A CN1646213 A CN 1646213A CN A038077396 A CNA038077396 A CN A038077396A CN 03807739 A CN03807739 A CN 03807739A CN 1646213 A CN1646213 A CN 1646213A
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heat exchanger
heat
inner chamber
unit according
metallic plate
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CN100509132C (zh
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埃尔曼诺·菲利皮
恩里科·里齐
米尔科·塔罗佐
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Casale SA
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Methanol Casale SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/008—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material; Processes to increase or to retard the rate of reaction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0242—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly vertical
    • B01J8/025—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly vertical in a cylindrical shaped bed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0285—Heating or cooling the reactor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0006—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the plate-like or laminated conduits being enclosed within a pressure vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F28F13/08—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by varying the cross-section of the flow channels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00115—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements inside the bed of solid particles
    • B01J2208/0015—Plates; Cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2250/00—Arrangements for modifying the flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. flow guiding means; Particular flow patterns
    • F28F2250/10—Particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media
    • F28F2250/104—Particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media with parallel flow

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)

Abstract

一种轴向和径向拟等温反应器用热交换单元，包括：通过基板(3，4)在相对的端部上闭合的基本圆柱形壳体(2)；包含催化床的反应区(6)和至少一个沿着工作热交换流体的流动方向具有变化截面的板型热交换器(11)。

Description

催化床反应器用板式热交换器
技术领域
就最广方面而言，本发明涉及非均匀化学反应用拟等温反应器，包括：通过相应的基板在相对端部闭合的基本圆柱形壳体；包含至少一个催化床的反应区和热交换器单元，所述热交换器单元包括多个浸入所述催化床中的热交换器。
在余下的说明书和后附的权利要求书中，就术语而言：拟等温反应器我们指的是这样类型的化学反应器：其中在围绕预定最佳值的最高可能值范围之内进行控制的温度上进行所述反应。
此外，至于所述反应器的主轴，催化床通过反应物和反应产物的交叉可以发生在轴向方向(轴向反应器)和径向方向(径向反应器)中。
具体而言，但是也不排除其它地，本发明涉及用于轴向和径向拟等温反应的热交换单元，包括：多个所谓板式热交换器，其浸入到各催化床的大量催化剂中。
背景技术
如公知的那样，在化学反应所发生的温度上控制温度非常重要，因为所述反应的过程的性能和产量依赖于温度，对这样的温度的控制通过合适的方式从实现所述反应的环境中供给或者取走热量而得以执行。
出于这样的目的，被用于传输热量的工作流体通过的热交换器被广泛使用。
在所考虑类型的化学反应器的情况下(轴向拟等温反应器)，被使用的热交换器单元包括多个板式、盒状热交换器，所述热交换器浸入到大量的催化剂中。
尽管从一定的角度来讲它们是有利的，但是这样的热交换器单元不能保证所执行的化学反应的等温满意程度，结果导致对反应自身的产量上的负面影响。
实际上，由于形成所述单元的所述热交换器的结构、形状和尺寸，通过各热交换器的工作流体进行了相当的温度变化；此变化导致工作流体和反应所发生的催化床之间的温度差(ΔT)逐渐减小，这样导致反应区和工作流体之间的热交换容量的减小。如公知的那样，热交换容量的减小涉及到热交换器效率的恶化，从而使得反应产量受到限制。
发明内容
形成本发明基础的技术问题在于：实现用于轴向或者径向拟等温反应器用热交换器单元，所述热交换器具有允许反应区和流过所述热交换器的工作流体之间的热交换容量保持基本恒定的结构和功能特征。
根据本发明，前述技术问题通过所考虑类型的拟等温热反应器用热交换器单元来解决，包括：从一对并置金属板形成的至少一个板状盒式热交换器，相互分离并围绕所述边结合，并沿着预定的方向限定用于让工作热交换流体通过的内腔，其特征在于，所述内腔具有在前述方向中增加或者减小的变化尺寸。
根据本发明的热交换器单元的主要优点包括在所述单元的预定反应区中增加或者减小热交换容量的可能性，其沿着所述方向本身进行区分。
实际上，在这样构造的热交换单元的交换器中，所述流体的速度相对通道的截面的宽度以反比的方式变化，因为如所公知的那样，进入的工作热交换流体的流速是恒定的。由此可以得出，如果所述通过截面沿着流动方向变窄，可以获得沿着相同的方向的工作流体速度的增加。如果我们假设沿着所有的交换器的长度有常数ΔT，热交换器的热交换容量沿着工作流体的流动的方向而增加。因此，如果例如工作流体和反应区之间的ΔT沿着相同的方向减小，这就可能控制所述反应的拟等温性。
本发明的进一步的特征和优点从包括根据所发现的热交换单元的拟等温化学反应器的示例实施例的详细描述中并参照附图而变得更加清楚，所述实施例只是出于指示而不是限制的目的。
附图说明
图1显示了根据本发明包括热交换单元的轴向流动拟等温化学反应器的示意图；
图2显示了图1的热交换单元的详细的放大透视图；
图3显示了图2的变化的放大透视图；
图4显示了图2的另外一个变化的放大透视图。
具体实施方式
参照图1和图2，在图1中，完整并示意表示了包括具有垂直轴BB的圆柱形壳体2、并通过相应的下面和上面的基板3和4在相对的端部上闭合的轴向型拟等温反应器。
在壳体2内限定了反应区6，其被指示容纳在上线7和下线8内，以容纳催化床，用于轴向被反应物气体和反应产物轴向通过，所述催化床没有被详细说明，因为其本身是公知的。
热交换单元在反应区内支撑，总体上以10指示，其浸入到大量适当的催化剂(未示出)中，所述大量催化剂构成催化床。所述热交换单元10包括多个热交换器11。
尤其地，每个热交换器11基本上是形成压扁盒的板状形状，并由一对围绕外部结合并彼此分离的并置金属板13a、13b构成(图2)，以限定内腔15。
优选这样的金属板13a、13b是矩形的，所述矩形具有短边12a和12b以及长边14a、14b。
所述交换器11优选在相对的短边12a、12b上装备有工作热交换流体用进口和出口接管17、18，所述工作热交换流体通过交换器的流动方向由箭头AA指示，并安置在横过两个接管17、18的轴上。
根据本发明适当地应用到径向反应器的变化的实施例，所述接管17和18位于如交换器(图4)相同的长侧14a上。
根据本发明，所述内腔15沿着流动的方向(AA)具有变化的宽度；即，所述板13a、13b之间的距离沿着所述方向AA增加或者减小。
在放热反应的情况下，为了促进反应，必须传导通过其产生的热量，所产生的热量随着反应的进行而增加，板的宽度沿着方向AA减小，结果当流体通过所述内腔15时其速度增加，结果流体本身的热交换容量也增加，这样热交换量也增加，尤其在反应区上通过交换器内部的工作流体而移除。所有这些有助于实质性优化控制反应温度和反应的拟等温性。
根据本发明的实施例，在内腔15中限定三个区域16a、16c和16e，彼此在前述工作流体的流动方向AA中顺接，三个区域中的每个具有恒定的宽度，但是相对另外的两个区域而不同。具体而言，所述宽度必须在区域16a中最大，在区域16e中最小，并在16c中届于二者之间。所述区域16a、16c、16e通过连接区域16b、16d而彼此连通，所述连接区域16b、16d在所述方向AA中会聚。所述连接区域16b、16d可以例如通过一对在相对板中实现的适当的折线(分别在区域16b之上和之下的P1和P2；分别在区域16d之上和之下的P3和P4)来限定。
根据本发明的优选实施例(图3)，在所述内腔15中限定单个区域。这样的区域具有沿着流动方向变化的宽度，更精确而言，以连续的方式变化。
热交换器11的各进口和出口接管17和18分别连接并固定到预定工作热交换流体用上供给管19和下排放管20；通过所述管，交换器可以有利地在用于形成所述单元10的单个结构中绷紧。
有利并且仍然在放热反应的情况下，所述工作热交换流体包括进行预热的反应物气体的混合物。
在设置有人孔类型的反应器中，所述交换器11每个被有利地实现以具有小于所述人孔的预定横向尺寸以允许很容易通过所述开口。
本发明这样易于变化和修改，所述变化和修改落入后附的权利要求所限定的保护范围之内。
例如，根据本发明的优选实施例，具有各预定进入温度的第二工作流体流被供给到至少一个热交换器上和所述路径的至少一个中间部分中。
通过适当地选择第二工作流体流的进入温度以及所述中间位置的数目，与其与所述第一流体发生混合相对应，这就可以将工作流体的温度带入到进入的温度或者至少非常靠近其的温度。因此，如果不保持所述流体的温度基本上恒定，在其通过各交换器时，这就可能在围绕预定值的非常紧的值范围之内控制工作热交换流体的温度。
必须注意前述壳体2可以是全新，或者可以由现有的拟等温反应器的壳体构成，所述现有的拟等温反应器的壳体通过预先移除内部装置而回收(翻新意图废弃的反应器的情况)。或者其可以由现有的绝热反应器的壳体构成，其也清空内部装置(将反应器从绝热转换到拟等温的情况)。
实际上，作为本发明的目标的交换器11可以很容易插入和安装以替换从回收的壳体内移除的各件装置。
必须注意在根据本发明的交换单元的全新反应器中实现的热交换器的优化可以同样在根据前述提及的翻新和转换的情况下所实现的反应器中获得。

Claims (9)

1.一种轴向和径向拟等温反应器用热交换单元，包括：通过基板(3，4)在相对的端部上闭合的基本圆柱形壳体(2)；包含催化床的反应区(6)，所述单元包括从一对并置金属板(13a，13b)形成的至少一个板状盒式热交换器，相互分离并围绕所述边结合，并沿着预定的方向限定用于让工作热交换流体通过的内腔(15)，其特征在于，所述内腔(15)具有在前述方向中增加或者减小的变化尺寸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热交换器单元，其特征在于，在所述腔(15)中，至少两个具有不同宽度的连续区域(16a，16c，16e)沿着流体的方向限定，并彼此相连通。
3.根据权利要求2所述的热交换器单元，其特征在于，所述具有不同宽度的连续区域(16a，16c，16e)通过连接区域(16b，16d)彼此相连通。
4.根据权利要求3所述的热交换器单元，其特征在于，所述连接区域(16b，16d)在横过内腔(15)的工作流体的方向中会聚。
5.根据权利要求3所述的热交换器单元，其特征在于，所述连接区域(16b，16d)在横过内腔(15)的工作流体的方向中分叉。
6.根据权利要求1所述的热交换器单元，其特征在于，所述金属板(13a，13b)之间的距离以连续的方式沿着流体的方向变化。
7.根据权利要求1所述的热交换器单元，其特征在于，所述金属板(13a，13b)是矩形形状。
8.根据权利要求3、4、5任一所述的热交换器单元，其特征在于，所述连接区域(16b，16d)通过所述金属板(13a，13b)的层中的折叠来获得。
9.一种热交换单元用热交换器，所述热交换器用在沿着预定的方向被工作热交换流体通过的盒形板状型拟等温反应器，包括：一对彼此分开的单独金属板(13a，13b)，其特征在于，在所述交换器中，限定在前述方向中具有变化宽度的内腔(15)，用于通过工作流体。
CNB038077396A 2002-04-05 2003-03-24 催化床反应器用板式热交换器 Expired - Fee Related CN100509132C (zh)

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EP02007725A EP1350560A1 (en) 2002-04-05 2002-04-05 Plate-type heat exchange unit for catalytic bed reactors
EP02007725.1 2002-04-05

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CN100509132C CN100509132C (zh) 2009-07-08

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EP (2) EP1350560A1 (zh)
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AR (1) AR039217A1 (zh)
AT (1) ATE518587T1 (zh)
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EP1221339A1 (en) * 2001-01-05 2002-07-10 Methanol Casale S.A. Catalytic reactor with heat exchanger for exothermic and endothermic heterogeneous chemical reactions
ATE434486T1 (de) * 2003-11-04 2009-07-15 Methanol Casale Sa Wärmeaustauscher und verfahren zur durchführung chemischer reaktionen unter pseudo-isothermen bedingungen
US7093649B2 (en) * 2004-02-10 2006-08-22 Peter Dawson Flat heat exchanger plate and bulk material heat exchanger using the same
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US20040071606A1 (en) 2004-04-15
ATE518587T1 (de) 2011-08-15
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EP1492616B8 (en) 2011-10-05
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WO2003084655A1 (en) 2003-10-16
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AU2003223977A1 (en) 2003-10-20
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