CN1811037B - 气体透过性层压片 - Google Patents

气体透过性层压片 Download PDF

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CN1811037B
CN1811037B CN2005100901865A CN200510090186A CN1811037B CN 1811037 B CN1811037 B CN 1811037B CN 2005100901865 A CN2005100901865 A CN 2005100901865A CN 200510090186 A CN200510090186 A CN 200510090186A CN 1811037 B CN1811037 B CN 1811037B
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三轮福一
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Axis Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供具有气体透过性且制造费用廉价的气体透过性片。本发明涉及一种气体透过性层压片，其特征在于，是将第1无纺布、聚乙烯薄膜、第2无纺布依次层压而形成的层压片，该聚乙烯薄膜的厚度在5～15μm的范围内，该聚乙烯薄膜在其与构成第1和/或第2无纺布的纤维触接的部位及其周边具有很多贯通该聚乙烯薄膜的气体通路，而且该气体通路的横剖面的直径为小于等于20μm。

Description

气体透过性层压片
技术领域
本发明涉及将第1无纺布、聚乙烯薄膜、第2无纺布依次层压而形成的3层层压片，其是不使微粉、液滴等透过而使空气、水蒸汽等透过的气体透过性的层压片。
背景技术
人们开发了一种水蒸汽透过性片，其是雨等的水滴不能透过且发汗产生的水蒸汽可以透过的实施了所谓透湿防水加工的水蒸汽透过性片，其在运动用品、户外用品等的用途中正被人们广泛使用。
已知例如，将作为氟树脂的聚四氟乙烯利用特殊的技术进行拉伸加工而获得的，具有微细的连续多孔质结构的材料(例如，参照专利文献1)该材料是将聚四氟乙烯的微粉压固，并在高温高速下沿单轴或双轴的方向拉伸而制造出的。该材料由于聚四氟乙烯不显示亲水性和吸水性，与水的接触角大，所以显示高的疏水性，另外，由于其形成多孔质结构，且空孔是连续的，所以可以很好地透过气体。因此，该材料同时具有防止水浸入的防水性和使水蒸汽透过的透湿性。
[专利文献1]美国专利第3953566号说明书
发明内容
但是，现有的气体透过性片，必须进行上述那样的特别的加工，另外，由于原料本身是特别的物质，所以非常昂贵。这样的费用方面的制约，在要求高的防水透湿性的运动用品和户外用品中也许不那么重要，但是在将气体透过性片用于工作服等的用途中时，其成为很大的问题。这是由于，在工作服等中，有时在使用时其被涂料、药品、农药等污染，使用1次～数次后就不能再使用了。特别在核动力设施中的操作中，为保护人体免招被放射能污染了的粉尘之害，通常使用专用的工作服，而使用后的工作服由于被放射能污染，所以绝对不能再使用，必须用后就扔掉而别无选择，将现有的气体透过性片用于这样的用途中，这从费用方面出发是难以接受的。
本发明是鉴于上述问题而作出的发明，其目的在于提供，使尘埃、砂、粉尘等的微粉、溶剂、涂料、药品、杀虫剂等的液滴不能透过，而空气、水蒸汽等的气体可以透过的气体透过性片，其是具有充分的气体透过性，且可以由廉价的原料以廉价的加工费用来制造的气体透过性片。
本发明者们进行了深入研究，结果发现在无纺布与无纺布之间夹着薄的聚乙烯薄膜而形成的层压片中，通过调整层压化条件，聚乙烯薄膜可以在与构成无纺布的纤维触接的部位及其周边形成很多贯通该聚乙烯薄膜的微细的剖面直径的气体通路。另外确认，形成了这样的气体通路的层压片，显示充分的气体透过性而且其制造费用也廉价，另外，通过拉伸该层压片，可以改善气体透过性，从而完成了本发明。
因此，本发明涉及一种气体透过性层压片，其特征在于，是将第1无纺布、聚乙烯薄膜、第2无纺布依次层压而形成的层压片，该聚乙烯薄膜的厚度在5～15μm的范围内，该聚乙烯薄膜在其与构成第1和/或第2无纺布的纤维触接的部位及其周边具有很多贯通该聚乙烯薄膜的气体通路，而且，该气体通路的横剖面的直径为小于等于20μm。
另外，还涉及一种气体透过性层压片，其特征在于，是将依次层压第1无纺布、聚乙烯薄膜、第2无纺布所得到的层压体沿1个方向或1个以上的方向拉伸而形成的层压片，该聚乙烯薄膜的厚度在5～15μm的范围内，该聚乙烯薄膜在其与构成第1和/或第2无纺布的纤维触接的部位及其周边具有很多贯通该聚乙烯薄膜的气体通路，而且，该气体通路的横剖面的直径为小于等于40μm。
由于本发明的气体透过性层压片贯通聚乙烯薄膜而形成有微细的剖面直径的气体通路，所以其显示不使微粒子、液滴等透过而可以使气体透过的气体透过性。另外，由于本发明的气体透过性层压片都是由廉价的无纺布和聚乙烯薄膜构成的，不需要特别的加工，所以其制造费用也变得廉价。因此，本发明的气体透过性层压片，在由于费用方面的问题而不能使用现有的气体透过性片的用途中，特别是在用于涂装操作、喷洒农药的操作、核动力设施中的操作等中作为工作服的材料，可优选使用。
另外，将由无纺布和聚乙烯薄膜构成的层压体进行进一步拉伸而形成的本发明的气体透过性层压片，由于拉伸而扩大了气体通路的剖面直径，可以实现更高的气体透过性。
附图说明
图1是显示实施例1制造的气体透过性层压片的层压结构的示意图。
图2是显示用光学显微镜(100倍)拍摄形成气体透过性层压片后的聚乙烯薄膜的表面所获得的照片的图。
图3是基于图2来示意性地显示聚乙烯薄膜的表面状态的图。
[符号的说明]
1.无纺布
2.聚乙烯薄膜
3.纤维痕
4.贯通孔
具体实施方式
构成本发明的气体透过性层压片的无纺布，对其种类、厚度等没有特别的限定，可以使用以人造丝、尼龙、聚酯、丙烯酸、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、维尼纶、铜铵纤维等为原料纤维的无纺布。特别优选聚酯、聚丙烯或丙烯酸树脂构成的无纺布。另外，本发明的气体透过性层压片包含第1无纺布和第2无纺布，它们可以是同一种类的无纺布，也可以是由不同的原料构成的无纺布。
在本发明的气体透过性层压片中，在第1无纺布和第2无纺布之间，夹有厚度在5～15μm范围内的聚乙烯薄膜。如果聚乙烯薄膜的厚度大于15μm，则贯通聚乙烯薄膜而形成的气体通路的数量变少，导致气体透过性下降。另一方面，如果聚乙烯薄膜的厚度小于5μm，则聚乙烯薄膜的强度下降。特别优选厚度小于等于10μm的聚乙烯薄膜。
在本发明的气体透过性层压片中，形成了很多贯通聚乙烯薄膜，并具有粉尘、液滴等不能透过，而空气、水蒸汽等的气体可以透过的横剖面直径的气体通路。该气体通路的剖面直径，例如为小于等于20μm，优选为10～20μm。这里，在本发明的气体透过性层压片中，将无纺布和聚乙烯薄膜进行层压后，构成无纺布的纤维在柔软的聚乙烯薄膜上形成纤维痕，由于该纤维无规地结合，所以在根据不同的部位，该纤维痕贯通聚乙烯薄膜，并由藉此生成的贯通孔形成气体通路。因此，该气体通路存在于，构成上述第1和/或第2无纺布的纤维与上述聚乙烯薄膜触接的部位及其周边。
本发明的气体透过性层压片，例如，可以通过下述方法来制造，即，根据需要进行加热并拉伸聚乙烯，从所获得的聚乙烯薄膜的两侧，调节上下辊子的加压力、转数等，层压第1和第2无纺布。但是，制造方法不仅限于此，只要是在层压片的制造中以往一直使用的方法，就没有特别的限定。
在所获得的层压片的气体透过性不充分时，通过在层压后沿1个方向或1个以上的方向拉伸层压体，可以扩大聚乙烯薄膜具有的贯通孔，可以提高气体透过性。该拉伸例如可以使用拉幅机来进行，通过拉伸可以使贯通孔的剖面直径扩大到例如40μm左右。
这样获得的本发明的气体透过性层压片，在需要不使微粒子和液滴透过而可以使气体透过的各种用途中，例如工作服、防寒服、斗篷、运动用品、户外用品等中可以使用。特别地，由于本发明的气体透过性层压片的制造费用廉价，所以优选用于土木工程、建设作业、涂装操作、喷洒农药的操作、核动力设施中的操作等的工作服等需要使用后丢弃的用途中。
进而，在构成本发明的气体透过性层压片的无纺布是由合成树脂构成的情况下，在现有的技术中可以容易地循环利用。从循环利用的方面出发优选的无纺布是由聚酯、聚丙烯和丙烯酸树脂构成的无纺布。进而，因为使用聚乙烯制的无纺布，在循环利用时无需区分聚乙烯制的无纺布和聚乙烯薄膜，所以非常适合。
下面，列举实施例来进一步详细地说明本发明，但没有将本发明限定于实施例的意图。
[实施例1]
将聚乙烯加热拉伸，形成厚度为15μm的聚乙烯薄膜。拉伸后，如图1所示，将厚度约为30μm的聚乙烯制的无纺布1层压在聚乙烯薄膜2的上下，使用辊子来压接，获得本发明的气体透过性层压片。
对所获得的气体透过性层压片，小心地深深剥离无纺布1而只分离聚乙烯薄膜2，利用光学显微镜观察聚乙烯薄膜2的表面。
图2为显示用光学显微镜(100倍)拍摄形成气体透过性层压片后的聚乙烯薄膜的表面所获得的照片的图，图3为基于图2来模式地显示聚乙烯薄膜的表面状态的图。
如图2和图3表明的那样，在成形为气体透过性层压片后的聚乙烯薄膜2的表面上，在层压无纺布1时，在构成无纺布1的纤维与聚乙烯薄膜2触接的部位形成很多纤维痕3，而且在纤维痕3中及其周围形成很多贯通孔4。贯通孔4的剖面直径平均约为10～15μm，实施例1的气体透过性层压片显示具有优选的剖面直径的气体通路。
[实施例2]
与实施例1同样，将厚度约为30μm的聚乙烯制的无纺布层压在厚度约为15μm的聚乙烯薄膜的上下，形成层压片。将该层压片用拉幅机沿2个方向拉伸，获得本发明的气体透过性层压片。
对所获得的气体透过性层压片，小心地深深剥离无纺布而只分离聚乙烯薄膜，利用光学显微镜观察聚乙烯薄膜的表面状态。
观察的结果为，与实施例1的气体透过性层压片同样，在成形为气体透过性层压片后的聚乙烯薄膜的表面上，在层压无纺布时，在构成无纺布的纤维与聚乙烯薄膜触接的部位形成很多纤维痕，而且在纤维痕中及其周围形成很多贯通孔。该贯通孔的剖面直径平均约为25～35μm，实施例2的气体透过性层压片在气体透过性的方面，具有更优选的剖面直径的气体通路。
[实施例3、4]
与上述实施例同样，通过将聚乙烯制的无纺布(单位面积重量：22g/m2)分别层压在聚乙烯薄膜(厚度约为15μm)的上下，使用加压辊子将该3层体在适当的条件下压接，来获得本发明的气体透过性层压片(实施例3)，并通过将上述3层的层压片使用拉幅机沿片的移动方向边拉伸边使用加压辊子在适当的条件下进行压接，来获得本发明的气体透过性层压片(实施例4)。
下面，对所获得的实施例3和4的气体透过性层压片，依据JIS L 1092A法测定耐水度(mm)，依据JIS L 1096 A法测定透气性(cm3/cm2/s)，并依据JIS L 1099 A-1法以每24小时的换算值测定透湿度(g/cm2·24h)，获得在下表1所示的结果。
表1
耐水度(mm)   透气性(cm3/cm2/s) 透湿度(g/cm2·24h)
实施例3     533     0.1     1728
实施例4     400     0.2     2832
由该表可知，拉伸了的气体透过性层压片(实施例4)，与未拉伸的气体透过性层压片(实施例3)相比，虽然耐水度稍微有所下降(当然不是在实用方面产生问题的程度的耐水性)，但是其透气性改善为原来的2倍且透湿度也明显改善。因此，进行拉伸同时被层压化的层压片，在气体透过性方面，比未拉伸的层压片优异，因此为本发明的更优选的方式。

Claims (2)

1.一种气体透过性层压片，其特征在于，是将第1无纺布、聚乙烯薄膜、第2无纺布依次层压并压接而形成的层压片，作为上述聚乙烯薄膜使用厚度在5～15μm范围内的薄膜，且在上述压接时，构成第1和/或第2无纺布的纤维在与该聚乙烯薄膜触接的部位及其周边，贯通该聚乙烯薄膜，由此形成很多气体通路，而且该气体通路具有直径10～20μm的横剖面。
2.一种气体透过性层压片，其特征在于，是将依次层压并压接第1无纺布、聚乙烯薄膜、第2无纺布所得到的层压体进而沿1个方向或1个以上的方向拉伸而形成的层压片，作为上述聚乙烯薄膜使用厚度在5～15μm范围内的薄膜，且在上述压接时，构成第1和/或第2无纺布的纤维在与该聚乙烯薄膜触接的部位及其周边，贯通该聚乙烯薄膜，由此形成很多气体通路，进而在上述拉伸时，该很多气体通路的横剖面直径被扩大，而且该横剖面直径被扩大的该气体通路具有直径25～40μm的横剖面。
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