CN1795093A - 防护服用织物和纱线 - Google Patents

防护服用织物和纱线 Download PDF

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CN1795093A
CN1795093A CNA2004800142026A CN200480014202A CN1795093A CN 1795093 A CN1795093 A CN 1795093A CN A2004800142026 A CNA2004800142026 A CN A2004800142026A CN 200480014202 A CN200480014202 A CN 200480014202A CN 1795093 A CN1795093 A CN 1795093A
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C·A·佩里
C·A·托马斯
D·B·赫斯
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Pbi Work Products Co
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Abstract

本发明是一种用于防护服的纱线或织物。该纱线或织物由耐火纤维和微丹尼尔耐火纤维制成。耐火纤维选自本身耐火的纤维、处理过的纤维及其组合。微丹尼尔纤维选自微丹尼尔本身耐火的纤维、微丹尼尔处理过的纤维及其组合。所述耐火纤维与所述微丹尼尔耐火纤维的重量比为4－9∶2－6。

Description

防护服用织物和纱线
                  发明领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造防护服的织物和纱线。
                  发明背景
防护服指的是初级和二级防护服(根据ASTM标准F1002-86)。初级防护服设计用于可能发生明显暴露于熔融物质喷溅、辐射热或火焰的领域。另一方面，二级防护服设计用于在可能间歇暴露于熔融物质喷溅、辐射热和/或火焰的领域中的连续穿戴。
由于雇主的责任是确定车间中的危险和危害并找到用于保护工人的适当的防护服和防护装置，因而在车间中防护服是重要的。普通的车间危害包括，例如：可燃液体、可燃污垢、熔融金属、火花、来自于火焰切割、焊接的熔渣、明火、高压放电、电弧活动、来自于挥发性液体的蒸汽和可燃粉尘。上述危害可例如在铸造厂中，在电气公司里，在化学品、油、气和石化工厂中，在汽车竞赛中可能会遇到一些。
已研发用于防护服的织物。所述织物可采用处理过的纤维、本身耐火的纤维或其组合物制造。处理过的纤维通常为已采用阻燃剂、用于赋予耐火性的化学物质处理的常规织物纤维。例如，两种处理过的纤维是FR棉线或FR人造丝，二者皆为FR纤维素。本身耐火的纤维为具有作为纤维的固有特性耐火性的那些纤维。例如，本身耐火的纤维包括：芳族聚酰胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺、蜜胺、聚苯并咪唑(PBI)、聚酰亚胺、聚亚苯基苯并二噁唑(PBO)、聚苯硫醚(PPS)、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)等等。最通常，将这些纤维一起共混获得具有特定共混物性能的织物用纱线。所述性能包括防热性、抗静电性、舒适性、耐用性、稳定性、外观、易于洗衣维护、颜色和相对成本。
通用织物包括：PBI GOLD、NOMEX、NOMEXIIIA、COMFORT BLEND、NOMEX Freestyle和INDURAULTRASOFT。PBI GOLD为40％PBI/60％芳族聚酰胺共混物(所有的％均以织物的重量计)。NOMEX为95％间芳族聚酰胺(NOMEX)纤维/5％对芳族聚酰胺(KEVLAR)纤维的共混物。NOMEX IIIA为93％间芳族聚酰胺(NOMEX)纤维/5％对芳族聚酰胺(KEVLAR)纤维/2％静电消散纤维的共混物。COMFOET BLEND为65％NOMEX IIIA/35％FR人造丝共混物。NOMEX Freestyle为93％NOMEXIIIA/5％对芳族聚酰胺(KEVLAR)纤维/2％抗静电纤维。INDURAULTRASOFT为88％FR棉线/12％尼龙共混物。上述织物的每一种均具有其自身独特的共混物特性，此处将Flame Resistant ProtectiveApparel，An Industry Update 2001/2002，Bulwark ProtectiveApparel，a Division of VF Workwear，Inc.，Nashville，TN引入以作参考。
但是，仍存在对满足工业的新型且新兴的需要的新织物的需求。
                    发明概述
本发明是一种用于防护服的纱线或织物。该纱线或织物由耐火纤维和微丹尼尔耐火纤维制成。耐火纤维选自本身耐火的纤维、处理过的纤维及其组合。微丹尼尔纤维选自微丹尼尔本身耐火的纤维、微丹尼尔处理过的纤维及其组合。所述耐火纤维与所述微丹尼尔耐火纤维的重量比为4-9∶2-6。
                    发明描述
织物为由纤维和/或纱线制成的平面结构，所述纤维和/或纱线通过各种方法如丝的机织、针织、簇绒、制毡、编织或粘合汇编而成以产生对于最终目的而言所需要的足够强度和其它特性的结构。纱线为连续丝束的纺织纤维、长丝或呈适于针织、机织或另外缠结形成织物的形式的材料的通用术语。纱线例如以如下形式存在：(1)捻在一起的许多纤维(如，短纤维)(短纤纱)；(2)铺放在一起而未加捻的许多长丝(无捻纱)；(3)具有一定加捻程度的铺放在一起的许多长丝；(4)在存在或不存在加捻下的单丝(单丝)；或(5)窄带材的材料，如目的用于构成纺织品的纸张、塑料膜或金属箔。
此后所讨论的纱线和织物优选用作二级防护服，但另外可用作例如初级防护服。由这些纱线形成的服装包括，但不限于，衬衫、裤子、工作服、工装裤、夹克、衬里、外套、风雪大衣、头饰和鞋袜。可将该织物与其它织物或材料层压或组合以提高功能性。
优选将织物进行机织或针织。机织织物包括平纹组织、斜纹组织和缎纹组织。针织织物包括经纱和纬纱针织织物。织物优选由此后所述纱线制成，但不限于此。取而代之，本发明的范围内的织物具有的耐火纤维(即，本身耐火的纤维和处理过的纤维)对微丹尼尔耐火纤维(即，具有微丹尼尔的本身耐火的纤维和处理过的纤维)的重量比为4-9∶2-6。优选，该比例为1∶1。任选地，本身耐火的纤维：微丹尼尔耐火纤维：处理过的纤维的比例为1-3∶2-6∶3-6。优选该比例为2∶5∶3。可以加入其它纤维，只要保持前述比例即可。例如，可将常规纺织纤维加入到具有前述比例的共混物中。
针对纱线对本发明进一步进行描述，应理解前述织物的论述适用于下述纱线而且以下内容适用于前述织物的论述。
纱线包含：纱线的10-30重量％本身耐火的纤维(长丝或短纤维)；20-60重量％微丹尼尔耐火纤维(长丝或短纤维)；和20-60重量％处理过的纤维(长丝或短纤维)。优选纱线包含20％本身耐火的纤维；50％微丹尼尔耐火纤维；和30％处理过的纤维。
本身耐火的纤维可选自芳族聚酰胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺、蜜胺、聚苯并咪唑(PBI)、聚酰亚胺、聚亚苯基苯并二噁唑(PBO)、聚苯硫醚(PPS)、聚醚酮(PEK)和聚醚醚酮(PEEK)等等。上述纤维是已知的并且可商购。例如，芳族聚酰胺(间芳族聚酰胺和对芳族聚酰胺)作为TWARON、CONEX和TECHNORA购自日本大阪的Teijin Co.；作为NOMEX和KEVLAR购自特拉华州威尔明顿的Dupont；作为P84购自奥地利的Imitech；和作为KERMEL购自法国科尔玛的KermelCompany。蜜胺(蜜胺甲醛)作为BASOFIL购自北卡罗来纳州夏洛特的Basofil Fibers LLC。PBI购自北卡罗来纳州夏洛特的CelaneseAdvanced Mateirals，Inc。PBO作为ZYLON购自日本大阪的Toyobo Co.Ltd.。优选的本身耐火的纤维包括芳族聚酰胺、蜜胺、PBI和PBO。最优选PBI。
处理过的纤维可以是任一种已采用常规阻燃剂处理的常规纤维。例如，处理过的纤维可以包括FR纤维素。纤维素包括棉线、人造丝、醋酸酯和三醋酸酯。优选的处理过的纤维是FR棉线和FR人造丝。最优选的是FR人造丝。
微丹尼尔耐火纤维可以是丹尼尔小于1(或0.1特/长丝，或直径小于10微米)的任一种本身耐火的纤维或处理过的纤维。优选，所述纤维为微丹尼尔本身耐火的纤维。最优选，所述纤维为微丹尼尔芳族聚酰胺，例如购自日本大阪的Teijin Co.的微丹尼尔TWARON。
纱线采用常规方法制成。此外，纱线可以包括其它常规纺织纤维(天然或人造的)，条件是添加上述纤维对纱线、织物或服装的整体性能没有有害影响。
参考以下非限制性实施例可以更好地理解前述发明。
在表中，将本发明与防护服中使用的其它织物进行比较。测试方法在表中列出。INV指的是由20％PBI短纤维、50％微丹尼尔芳族聚酰胺(0.8丹尼尔/长丝，2英寸(5cm)短纤维)和30％FR人造丝构成的纱线制成的本发明的织物。对比材料为如上所述的常规织物。
                                                    表
  性能   测试方法   INV   InduraUltrasoft   InduraUltrasoft   NomexFreestyle   NomexFreestyle   ComfortBlend-Blue   ComfortBlend-Denim   ComfortBlend-Blue   PBIGold   PBIGold
  重量，oz/yd2标称   4.5   5.5   7.0   4.5   6.0   5.5   6.5   4.5   4.5   6.0
  重量，oz/yd2实际   4.66   5.91   7.54   4.36   6.14   5.59   6.30   4.43   4.56
  织法   斜纹   斜纹   斜纹   平纹   平纹   平纹   斜纹   平纹   斜纹
  吸湿性   D2654   6.66   7.56   7.66   5.45   5.51   5.84   5.49   6.53   6.84
  透气性(ft3/ft2/min)   D737   100.6   64.6   33.2   219.5   71.2   90.1   74.4   164.9   80.8
  抗埃尔曼多夫撕裂性(1bf)(W×F)   F1506/D1424   19.4×20.7   5.1×3.3   8.4×7.0   8.2×12.9   7.2×12.4   2.5×3.4   3.1×4.3   7.1×7.4   31.3×32.6
  撕裂强度(针舌)(单次撕裂)   F1506D2261   13.1×10.0   2.1×2.2   5.0×4.0   11.3×8.1   7.5×4.5   1.9×1.3   2.5×1.7   5.6×4.3   19.2×16.6
  抓样强力(GS)(1bf)(W×F)   F1506/D5034   164.6×122.8   72.5×69.6   76.0×69.3   200.9×108.3   300.9×177.2   125.9×80.4   157.2×109.1   109.7×60.1   155.8×117.2
  热膨胀之后的GS(8秒)   13.3×11.9   0.4×0.7   0.5×0.7   14.6×6.7   19.8×18.2   4.8×3.7   8.6×9.6   3.5×1.8   20.8×16.3
  拉伸性，1英寸条带(1bf)(W×F)   D5035   118.1×120.2   62.2×51.0   97.0×52.3   82.6×54.5   114.6×84.0   75.3×55.3   89.3×57.1   68.2×39.6   125.0×107.3
  挺度磨损H18 500gm(循环至损坏)   D5035   231   137   108   86   169   99   179   69   138
  洗涤收缩性(％)5次洗涤   AATCC135   1.2×2.5   0.8×2.6   1.4×1.1   2.6×2.6   2.2×3.4   1.7×0.8   1.1×1.3   0.5×2.0   2.0×1.4
  25次洗涤   2.8×4.1   0.7×2.9   3.6×1.3   4.3×4.2   3.2×4.7   3.3×2.7   2.1×2.8   5.5×2.0   2.9×2.9
  热收缩性(％)至多10.0   NFPA2112   1.3×1.0   2.4×0.6   2.7×0.0   2.2×1.3   1.3×1.3   3.3×3.0   3.0×2.6   8.6×4.6   1.3×1.0
  易燃性   D6413
  初始
  烧焦长度(英寸)至多6.0   0.40×0.49   2.87×3.21   2.83×2.53   1.69×2.13   1.89×1.96   1.27×1.11   1.16×1.08   1.48×1.40   0.43×0.57
  残焰(秒)至多2.0   0.0×0.0   0.0×0.0   0.0×0.0   0.0×0.0   0.0×0.0   0.0×0.0   0.0×0.0   0.0×0.0   0.0×0.0
阴燃(秒)   1.02×1.07   1.19×0.90   1.08×1.19   0.86×0.83   1.04×1.15   0.92×0.72   0.88×1.16   1.02×1.07   20.49×16.51
25次洗涤/干燥
烧焦长度(英寸)至多6.0   0.41×0.27   2.50×2.65   2.72×2.49   2.08×1.52   1.88×2.40   1.09×0.67   0.84×0.90   1.46×1.25   0.44×0.38
残焰(秒)至多2.0   0.0×0.0   0.0×0.0   0.0×0.0   0.0×0.0   0.0×0.0   0.0×0.0   0.0×0.0   0.0×0.0   0.0×0.0
阴燃(秒)   1.48×1.28   0.91×0.66   1.05×1.36   3.41×3.10   6.60×2.39   0.93×0.89   1.07×0.80   1.41×1.39   29.50×26.33
防热性能(TPP)   NFPA2112   11.3   7.4   9.6   11.6   13.1   11.9   12.5   10.7   11.7   12.9
TPP/osy   2.5   1.3   1.3   2.7   2.2   2.1   2.0   2.4   2.6   2.2
性能(RPP)   8.4   7.6   9.0   5.6   7.6   7.5   7.9   6.3   7.4   8.1
电弧闪电试验
单层wt osy n＝3洗涤   4.7   5.6   7.5   4.5   6.4   5.6   6.4   4.5   4.6   6.0
线性电弧热性能(ATPV)   F1959/F1959M   5.9   5.5   8.1   4.8   5.7   5.3   6.0   4.8   6.6   7.5
ATPV/OSY   1.26   0.98   1.80   1.10   0.89   0.95   0.94   1.07   1.43   1.25
线性HAF   67.4   64.1   73.4   54.4   62.1   63.3   65.3   60.0   68.3   70.6
对数电弧热性能(ATPV)   F1959/F1959M   6.0   5.6   7.9   4.8   5.9   5.5   6.2   4.8   6.5   7.9
ATPV/OSY   1.28   1.00   1.05   1.07   0.92   0.98   0.97   1.07   1.41   1.32
标称4.5osy的单层棉线圆领汗衫wt osy n＝3洗涤   9.2   10.1   12.0   8.9   10.9   10.1   10.9   9.0   9.1   10.5
线性(Ebt)   F1959/F1959M   16.0   10.3   14.7   9.2   13.4   11.2   13.1   9.0   14.7ATPV15.8   17.9ATPV18.8
Ebt/OSY   1.74   1.02   1.23   1.00   1.23   1.11   1.20   1.00   1.62ATPV1.74   1.70ATPV1.79
线性HAF   85.4   80.9   84.8   77.5   78.2   82.1   82.6   78.3   83.1   84.9
  对数(Ebt)   F1959/F1959M   16.8   10.6   15.6   9.3   14.4   11.4   13.3   8.9   17.1   19.2ATPV21.6
  Ebt/OSY   1.83   1.05   1.30   1.04   1.32   1.13   1.22   0.99   1.88   1.83ATPV2.06
  动态烧伤(秒)   30.0   1.1   1.6   1.1   1.6   1.3   1.0   18.7
  人体模特耐火性(身体烧伤速率)(3秒)圆领汗衫/紧身裤(至多50.0)   NFPA2112F1930
  3秒暴露
  ％完全烧伤   21.1   55.2   24.9   20.2   33.9   9.6
  ％2度烧伤   20.6   35.3   24.6   20.2   33.6   9.6
  ％3度烧伤   0.3   19.6   0.3   0.0   0.3   0.0
  4秒烧伤
  ％完全烧伤   41.8   69.4   47.8   38.3   42.6   37.7
  ％2度烧伤   41.5   25.4   38.5   37.7   38.5   37.7
  ％3度烧伤   0.3   44.0   9.3   0.6   4.1   0.0
ATPV＝电弧热性能值
OSY＝盎司/平方码
HAF＝热衰减系数
Ebt＝冲破极限的能量
W×F＝经线×纬线(warp×fill)
本发明可以采用其它形式得以体现而不背离其精神和基本特征，并因此，应该参照附加的权利要求，而不是参照前述说明书，如本发明的范围所述。

Claims (23)

1.一种用于防护服的纱线或织物，其包含：
选自本身耐火的纤维、处理过的纤维及其组合的耐火纤维，
选自微丹尼尔本身耐火的纤维、微丹尼尔处理过的纤维及其组合的微丹尼尔纤维，和
所述耐火纤维与所述微丹尼尔耐火纤维的重量比为4-9∶2-6。
2.权利要求1的纱线或织物，其中所述本身耐火的纤维选自芳族聚酰胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺、蜜胺、聚苯并咪唑、聚酰亚胺、聚亚苯基苯并二噁唑、聚苯硫醚、聚醚酮、聚醚醚酮及其组合。
3.权利要求1的纱线或织物，其中所述微丹尼尔耐火纤维的直径小于10微米。
4.权利要求1的纱线或织物，其中所述耐火纤维进一步包含本身耐火的纤维和处理过的纤维的共混物。
5.权利要求4的纱线或织物，其中本身耐火的纤维∶微丹尼尔耐火纤维∶处理过的纤维的所述重量比为1-3∶2-6∶3-6。
6.一种用于工业防护服且具有良好的绝热性、耐用性和舒适等级的纱线，所述纱线包含：
纱线的10-30重量％的本身耐火的纤维；
纱线的20-60重量％的微丹尼尔芳族聚酰胺纤维；和
纱线的30-60重量％的处理过的纤维。
7.权利要求6的纱线，其中所述本身耐火的纤维为纱线的15-25重量％。
8.权利要求6的纱线，其中所述本身耐火的纤维选自芳族聚酰胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺、蜜胺、聚苯并咪唑、聚酰亚胺、聚亚苯基苯并二噁唑、聚苯硫醚、聚醚酮、聚醚醚酮及其组合。
9.权利要求8的纱线，其中所述纤维为聚苯并咪唑。
10.权利要求6的纱线，其中所述微丹尼尔芳族聚酰胺纤维为纱线的45-55重量％。
11.权利要求6的纱线，其中所述处理过的纤维为纱线的25-35重量％。
12.权利要求11的纱线，其中所述处理过的纤维为FR纤维素。
13.权利要求12的纱线，其中所述FR纤维素为FR人造丝。
14.权利要求6的纱线，其进一步包含：
纱线的15-25重量％为PBI短纤维；
纱线的45-55重量％为微丹尼尔芳族聚酰胺短纤维；和
纱线的25-35重量％为FR人造丝。
15.一种用于工业防护服且具有良好的绝热性、耐用性和舒适等级的织物，所述织物包含：
织物的10-30重量％的本身耐火的纤维；
织物的20-60重量％的微丹尼尔芳族聚酰胺纤维；和
织物的30-60重量％的处理过的纤维。
16.权利要求15的织物，其中所述本身耐火的纤维为织物的15-25重量％。
17.权利要求15的织物，其中所述本身耐火的纤维选自芳族聚酰胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺、蜜胺、聚苯并咪唑、聚酰亚胺、聚亚苯基苯并二噁唑、聚苯硫醚、聚醚酮、聚醚醚酮及其组合。
18.权利要求17的织物，其中所述纤维为聚苯并咪唑。
19.权利要求15的织物，其中所述微丹尼尔芳族聚酰胺纤维为织物的45-55重量％。
20.权利要求15的织物，其中所述处理过的纤维为织物的25-35重量％。
21.权利要求20的织物，其中所述处理过的纤维为FR纤维素。
22.权利要求21的织物，其中所述FR纤维素为FR人造丝。
23.权利要求15的织物，其进一步包含：
织物的15-25重量％为PBI短纤维；
织物的45-55重量％为微丹尼尔芳族聚酰胺短纤维；和
织物的25-35重量％为FR人造丝。
CNB2004800142026A 2003-05-23 2004-05-04 防护服用织物和纱线 Expired - Lifetime CN100503227C (zh)

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