CN1795087A - 材料加工设备 - Google Patents

材料加工设备 Download PDF

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CN1795087A
CN1795087A CNA2004800146277A CN200480014627A CN1795087A CN 1795087 A CN1795087 A CN 1795087A CN A2004800146277 A CNA2004800146277 A CN A2004800146277A CN 200480014627 A CN200480014627 A CN 200480014627A CN 1795087 A CN1795087 A CN 1795087A
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connector
screwe
equipment
type xtruder
overflow ducts
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CN100563998C (zh
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R·蒙茨
J·施特雷克尔
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Coperion GmbH
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Coperion Werner and Pfleiderer GmbH and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/58—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/60—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for feeding, e.g. end guides for the incoming material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/481—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws provided with paddles, gears or discs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/487—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws with consecutive casings or screws, e.g. for feeding, discharging, mixing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/488—Parts, e.g. casings, sealings; Accessories, e.g. flow controlling or throttling devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/74—Mixing; Kneading using other mixers or combinations of mixers, e.g. of dissimilar mixers ; Plant
    • B29B7/7466—Combinations of similar mixers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/256—Exchangeable extruder parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/256—Exchangeable extruder parts
    • B29C48/2562—Mounting or handling of the die
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/266—Means for allowing relative movements between the apparatus parts, e.g. for twisting the extruded article or for moving the die along a surface to be coated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/375—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages
    • B29C48/38—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages using two or more serially arranged screws in the same barrel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/375—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages
    • B29C48/385—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages using two or more serially arranged screws in separate barrels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/405—Intermeshing co-rotating screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/57—Screws provided with kneading disc-like elements, e.g. with oval-shaped elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/82—Heating or cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种材料加工设备。该设备包括两个通过连接件(29)相互连接的螺杆型挤出机(1、2)。所述连接件(29)可以从连接位置移动至释放壳体孔(12)的打开位置。本发明的设备还设有作用在连接件(29)上以实施所述移动的移动装置(38)。

Description

材料加工设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的材料加工设备。
背景技术
具体地说，在塑料加工中提供两个或多个相继的挤出机通常是很合适的，其中各挤出机执行单独的加工步骤。例如，当塑性材料以粉末的形式使用时，粉末的进入和熔化可以在第一挤出机中进行。均化和压力形成将在第二下游挤出机中进行。例如，可以从EP1005411B1、US3261056和DE2304088A中了解到这种类型的相继的挤出机布置。在从文献和实践中已知的这种类型的设备中，连接部件通常具有几吨的重量，很难移除和重新插入，而连接部件的移除对于抽出第一挤出机的螺杆轴必不可少。实际上，习惯于通过排放区抽出螺杆轴，原因是另一端设置有电动机、连轴器和传动装置，从那里抽出螺杆轴会引起严重的问题。术语“材料”基本上应理解为可以在螺杆型挤出机中处理的可流动的材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的是这样改进这种类型的设备，即特别容易并节省时间地抽出第一螺杆型挤出机的一个螺杆轴或多个螺杆轴。
根据本发明，该目的通过权利要求1的特征实现。本发明的核心在于连接件已经发展成为独立的功能组，它可以通过移动装置从其连接位置移动至打开位置，在连接位置两个螺杆型挤出机相互连接，而在打开位置至少一个螺杆孔保持敞开以便可以按通常方式在排放区附近抽出第一挤出机的一个螺杆轴或多个螺杆轴。
权利要求2和3阐述了移动装置的有利细节。
权利要求4至6阐述了连接件引导结构的第一有利实施例。
权利要求7至11阐述了另一有利实施例，具体说明了连接件相对于螺杆型挤出机的移动。
附图说明
从下面结合附图对多个实施例的说明中，可以发现本发明的其它特征、优点和细节，其中：
图1是根据本发明的设备的第一实施例的垂直剖视图，其中连接件位于连接位置；
图2是根据第一实施例的设备局部剖开的俯视图；
图3是图1中细节III的示意图；
图4是沿图1中线IV-IV看的横向局部视图；
图5是根据本发明设备的第一实施例的垂直剖视图，其中连接件位于打开位置；
图6是根据本发明设备的第二实施例的垂直剖视图，其中连接件位于连接位置；
图7是第三实施例的局部视图，包括改进的移动装置；
图8是根据本发明设备的第四实施例的垂直剖视图，其中连接件位于连接位置，连接件具有附加功能部；
图9是根据本发明设备的第五实施例的垂直剖视图，其中连接件位于连接位置；
图10是根据第五实施例的设备局部剖开的俯视图，其中连接件位于连接位置；
图11是根据第五实施例的设备的局部俯视图，其中连接件位于打开位置；
图12是第五实施例中垂直通过第二挤出机的剖视图，其中连接件位于连接位置；
图13是根据图12的示意图，其中连接件位于打开位置；和
图14是图13中细节XIV的视图。
具体实施方式
图1至5中所示的第一实施例包括第一挤出机1和第二挤出机2。第一挤出机1设置在第二挤出机2的上方。第一挤出机1经由第一联轴器4和第一传动装置5由第一电动机3驱动。第二挤出机2经由第二联轴器7和第二传动装置8由第二电动机6驱动。电动机3和6由控制装置9控制。
第一挤出机1包括设有加热系统10的壳体11，所述壳体中形成两个相互平行延伸并以近似“8”字形地互相接合的第一壳体孔12、13，所述第一壳体孔12、13具有相互平行的轴线12a、13a。两个与第一传动装置5联接的第一螺杆轴14、15设置在这两个壳体孔12、13中。沿相同或相反方向驱动螺杆轴14、15。第一挤出机1包括沿传输方向16设置在第一传动装置5下游的进料斗17，进料斗17后面是单个或多个加工区18。
在第一挤出机1的端部设有排放区19，沿轴线12a、13a方向的排放从排放区19进行。除了两个壳体孔和相应的两个螺杆轴，也可以采用只有一个孔或者三个和更多孔和相应数量的螺杆轴。
第二挤出机2也包括具有加热系统的壳体20，所述壳体20中形成有两个彼此平行并互相接合的具有轴线21a、22a的壳体孔21、22，所述壳体孔同样形成“8”字形的截面形状。两个与第二传动装置8联接的螺杆轴23、24设置在第二壳体孔21、22中；它们也可以沿相同或相反方向驱动旋转。在第二传动装置8之后，第二挤出机2包括进料连接件25，沿传输方向16该进料连接件的后面是一个或多个加工区26。第二挤出机2的端部也设有排放区27。
同样地，第二挤出机2也可以使用仅为单个或多于两个壳体孔和相应数量的螺杆轴。在第二挤出机2中，可以沿相同或相反方向驱动螺杆轴。
在第一挤出机1和第二挤出机2之间设有一输送区28，它包括弯管形式的连接件29。在朝向第一挤出机1的一侧，连接件29具有连接凸缘30，该连接凸缘30通过螺钉32固定到与其相对的第一壳体的壳体凸缘31上。在朝向第二挤出机2的一侧，连接件29还包括连接凸缘33，该连接凸缘33的接触表面34压靠在与其相对的进料连接件25的接触表面35上。接触表面35设置有凹槽36，凹槽中设有密封件37，在不受负载的情况下，所述密封件向上伸出接触表面35。连接件29未通过螺纹连接连接到进料连接件25上。由于工作期间的热膨胀，接触表面34和35彼此紧密靠压。
在第一挤出机1的壳体11上设有用于连接件29的移动装置38。该移动装置包括安装在壳体11上的托架形式的保持装置39。保持装置39支承用于连接件29的移动驱动机构40。该移动驱动机构40可以为液压操作的活塞缸驱动器，其缸41安装在保持装置39上，而其活塞杆42连接到连接件29上。在根据图1至5的第一实施例中，连接件29沿分别与第一挤出机1和第二挤出机2的轴线12a、13a和21a、22a相交叉的方向垂直向上提升。因此，提升也横向于连接件29和进料连接件25之间的接触表面34、35进行。为了使连接凸缘30尽可能容易地提升离开壳体凸缘31，两个凸缘30、31的接触表面43、44倾斜于垂直提升离开方向45，从而当开始提升程序时它们立刻彼此脱离，而当在与提升离开方向45相反的方向上放置时它们只在最后时刻才接触。为了沿提升离开方向45及其相反方向可靠地线性引导连接件29，导轨46可以与保持装置39或壳体凸缘31相连，所述导轨包围连接凸缘30并且至少在连接件29与壳体凸缘31至少部分重叠的区域中引导连接凸缘30。
如图5中所示，为了使第一壳体孔12、13在排放区19附近完全自由，连接件29的提升离开移动进行得足够远，从而使得第一螺杆轴14、15可以沿其轴线12a、13a从第一壳体11中自由移除。
在各个过渡位置，形成于第一挤出机的排放区19、连接件29和进料连接件25中的溢流通道47a、47、48、49不具有任何可能伸入流程中的角部或棱边。位于第一双螺杆挤出机1端部的溢流通道47a的截面形状为“8”字形。位于挤出机1端部的溢流通道47a的截面积等于或小于连接件29中溢流通道47的截面积。从溢流通道47的“8”字形截面形状到连接件29中直径为D1的溢流通道48的圆形截面形状的过渡部被结合在连接件29中。此外，进料连接件25中溢流通道49的直径D2等于或大于D1。即采用D1≤D2。该关系同样适用于具有两个以上螺杆轴的挤出机的截面。
根据图6所示，仅稍微改进的第二实施例与第一实施例的不同之处仅在于，连接件29’为块状设计，虽不具有管状外形，但仍具有弯管状溢流通道48。
除了所述的移动驱动机构40外，在图7所示的移动装置38’中还可采用丝杠驱动器形式的移动驱动机构40’，该移动驱动机构40’具有作用于连接件29’上的丝杠50，在旋转设置于保持装置39’中的丝杠螺母51中引导该丝杠50。丝杠螺母51由丝杠驱动电机52驱动。
移动装置38或38’不必沿垂直提升离开方向45作用；它也可以仅沿第二挤出机2的轴线21a、22a的方向水平作用或者与第一挤出机1的轴线12a、13a的方向倾斜地作用。但是，提升离开方向优选为在与第一挤出机的轴线12a、13a垂直的一个垂直平面中。
根据图8的改进的第四实施例与上述实施例的不同之处在于，仍为块状设计的连接件29”朝第二挤出机2向下延长一个功能部53，如滤板、筛网、过滤器、静态混合器等的内置部件54包含或者可包含在功能部53中。由于也必须可以接近这些内置功能部件，所以在该第四实施例中，仅通过一个移动装置就可将两个功能即螺杆的移除和内置部件54的更换和/或维修有利地结合在一起。
根据图9至14的第五实施例因连接件29的设计而又不同于上述实施例。与连接件29’一样，它依然是块状结构。连接件29通过枢轴连接机构55安装在第一挤出机1的壳体11上，以使该连接件可以从图12中所示的密封连接位置枢转至图13中所示的打开位置，从而打开第一壳体孔12、13以便使第一螺杆轴14、15可以在轴线12a、13a的方向上自由抽出而不会受到妨碍。
移动装置38包括可以还是液压操作活塞缸驱动器的移动驱动机构40，其中缸41通过一枢轴轴承56位置固定地连接，而活塞杆42则通过枢轴铰接件57与连接件29相连。为了使连接件29在枢转时不仅被提升离开第一挤出机的壳体11，而且还被提升离开进料连接件25，枢轴连接机构55是一种枢摆提升连接机构。为此，该枢轴连接机构包括带有大节距的多头螺纹59的枢轴58。轴承套60具有相应的内螺纹61以使连接件29可以在打开移动的开始就沿枢轴连接机构55的枢转轴线62的方向移动，也就是说在当前情况下提升而使连接件29被提升离开进料连接件25。在根据图9、10和12的密封连接位置中，连接件29通过与第一挤出机1的壳体11或者第二挤出机2的进料连接件25螺纹连接。在某些情况下可以不进行螺纹连接，例如如果仅存在很低的压力，或者假设不存在内置部件而待加工的材料具有很低的粘度时。在这种情况下，连接件29可以通过移动驱动机构40保持在密封连接位置。

Claims (16)

1.一种材料加工设备，包括：
-第一螺杆型挤出机(1)，该第一螺杆型挤出机具有至少一个壳体孔(12、13)和设置在该至少一个壳体孔(12、13)中的螺杆轴(14、15)，
-设置在第一螺杆型挤出机(1)下游的第二螺杆型挤出机(2)，以及
-连接件(29、29’、29”、29)，该连接件在连接位置使第一螺杆型挤出机(1)和第二螺杆型挤出机(2)连接，该连接件包括溢流通道(48)，
其特征在于：所述连接件(29、29’、29”、29)可通过引导运动从连接位置移动至释放所述至少一个壳体孔(12、13)的打开位置；并且设置有作用在连接件(29、29’、29”、29)上而执行所述引导运动的移动装置(38、38’、38)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于：所述移动装置(38，38’、38)包括保持装置(39、39’)和移动驱动机构(40、40’、40)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的设备，其特征在于：所述保持装置(39、39’)安装在一个螺杆型挤出机(1)上。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于：所述连接件(29、29’、29”)可相对于第一螺杆型挤出机(1)作线性移动。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于：所述连接件(29)通过导轨(46)的引导而相对于第一螺杆型挤出机(1)移动。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于：所述连接件(29、29’、29”)可横向于第一螺杆型挤出机(1)的纵向移动。
7.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于：所述连接件(29)可从连接位置枢转至打开位置。
8.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其特征在于：所述连接件(29)通过一枢轴连接机构(55)铰接到一个螺杆型挤出机(1)上。
9.根据权利要求8所述的设备，其特征在于：所述枢轴连接机构(55)是一种枢摆提升连接机构。
10.根据权利要求9所述的设备，其特征在于：所述枢轴连接机构(55)包括具有大节距螺纹(59)的枢轴(58)和设置在该枢轴上并具有内螺纹(61)的轴承套(60)。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于：所述连接件(29”)包括具有内置部件(54)的附加功能部(53)。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于：所述连接件(29、29’、29”、29)和一个螺杆型挤出机(2)之间仅一个接触表面(35)设置有密封件(37)。
13.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于：
在连接件(29、29’、29”、29)中形成有直径为D1的第二溢流通道(48)，该第二溢流通道经由一第一溢流通道(47)连接到第一螺杆型挤出机(1)，经由直径为D2的第三溢流通道(49)连接到第二螺杆型挤出机(2)；并且D1≤D2。
14.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于：
第一螺杆型挤出机(1)包括两个以“8”字形截面形状相互接合的壳体孔(12、13)；
直径为D1并具有圆形截面形状的第二溢流通道(48)经由一第一溢流通道(47)连接到第一螺杆型挤出机(1)；并且
所述第一溢流通道(47)具有从“8”字形截面形状到圆形截面形状的过渡部。
15.根据权利要求14所述的设备，其特征在于：所述第一溢流通道(47)形成在所述连接件(29、29’、29”、29)中。
16.根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于：所述移动装置(38、38’、38)与所述设备相连。
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