CN1784257A - 用于过滤废气颗粒的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于过滤废气颗粒的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1784257A
CN1784257A CNA2004800119852A CN200480011985A CN1784257A CN 1784257 A CN1784257 A CN 1784257A CN A2004800119852 A CNA2004800119852 A CN A2004800119852A CN 200480011985 A CN200480011985 A CN 200480011985A CN 1784257 A CN1784257 A CN 1784257A
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waste gas
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particulate filter
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郑希伟
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Motors Liquidation Co
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Abstract

一种被构造用于处理废气流的排气系统的颗粒过滤器，包括外壳和在外壳内部的壁流过滤元件。所述壁流过滤元件被构造用以捕集废气颗粒并使灰分微粒通过。

Description

用于过滤废气颗粒的方法和装置
技术领域
本公开内容主要涉及一种排气系统，特别是涉及一种用于排气系统的颗粒过滤器。
背景技术
用于柴油机和其它内燃机的汽车排气系统一般包括一个限制随废气排出的颗粒物质质量的过滤系统。在柴油机系统中，这种物质一般包括含碳物质(烟炱)和灰分微粒。当前捕集废气颗粒的过滤方法集中在壁流过滤。一般来说，壁流过滤系统不但对于废气颗粒，而且对于灰分微粒都具有高的过滤效率。排气系统内的用于实现过滤元件再生的催化或热力装置不能去除灰分微粒，由此随着时间的增加，在过滤本体内增加了灰分微粒的累积。考虑到当前的颗粒过滤器装置，需要具有一种更先进的颗粒过滤器，所述颗粒过滤器能够有效地进行过滤操作，并且随着时间的增加，灰分微粒积累受到限制。
发明内容
在一个实施例中，被构造用于处理废气流的排气系统的颗粒过滤器包括外壳和在外壳内部的壁流过滤元件。该壁流过滤元件被构造用以捕集废气颗粒并使灰分微粒通过。
在另一个实施例中，被构造用于处理废气流的排气系统的颗粒过滤器包括具有第一端部和第二端部的外壳，和设置于外壳内部的壁流过滤元件。该壁流过滤元件包括陶瓷单块结构，其具有限定出入口和出口通道的多孔内壁，所述入口和出口通道由多孔内壁隔开以使废气流流过入口和出口通道之间的孔隙。入口通道在一个端部具有进气口，在相对的端部具有第一端塞，并且被构造以在进气口处接收废气流，所述进气口被布置在外壳的第一端部处。出口通道在一个端部具有排气口，在相对的端部具有第二端塞，并且被构造以在排气口处排出废气流，所述排气口被布置在外壳的第二端部处。第一端塞的孔隙率大于第二端塞的孔隙率。
在另一实施例中公开了一种用于过滤排气系统的废气流中的颗粒的方法。废气流在颗粒过滤器的一端被接收，该过滤器为陶瓷单块结构，具有限定出入口通道和出口通道的多孔壁部，每条入口通道在一端具有进气口以接收废气流，在相对的端部具有多孔塞，每条出口通道在一端具有排气口以排出废气流，在相对的端部具有端塞。当废气流流经入口通道和出口通道之间的多孔壁时，废气流在陶瓷单块结构处被过滤，废气副产品在多孔壁、端塞和多孔塞处被捕集，而灰分微粒经过多孔塞。废气流在排气口处被排出。
附图说明
以下结合附图，其中使用相同的附图标记表示相同的元件：
图1示出了使用本发明的一个实施例的排气系统；
图2为根据本发明的一个实施例的颗粒过滤器的立体图；以及
图3为图2所示颗粒过滤器的剖视图。
具体实施方式
本发明的一个实施例提供一种用于汽车柴油机排气系统的颗粒过滤器。虽然这里描述的实施例将汽车柴油机作为示例的使用颗粒过滤器的柴油机动力装置，但是应该理解的是所公开的发明还可以适用于其它的要求这里披露的颗粒过滤器功能的柴油机动力装置，例如由柴油机提供动力的发电机。虽然披露的本发明适于过滤柴油机的燃烧副产物，但是其也可适用于过滤由汽油提供动力的发动机的燃烧副产物。
图1示出了示例的用于汽车柴油机(未示出)的排气系统100，该排气系统具有排气歧管管道110，所述排气歧管管道110的一端与柴油机(未示出)的排气歧管(未示出)适当连接，用于接收由附图标记150表示的废气流。涡轮增压器140与中间排气歧管管道110和中间排气管120适当连接。中间排气管120与用于捕集存在于废气流150中的废气颗粒的颗粒过滤器200适当连接，所述颗粒过滤器与排气管130适当连接。用于将经处理的废气流排放到大气中的尾管(未示出)与排气管130适当连接。排气系统100通过控制废气流150如何从排气歧管(未示出)流至排气歧管管道110、涡轮增压器140、中间排气管120、颗粒过滤器200、排气管130、然后进入大气从而处理废气流150。排气系统100具有等于或大于排气歧管管道110的内部横截面流通面积的标称流通面积。
每个颗粒过滤器200包括可具有适用于本发明目的的任何形式的构造和结构的外壳210，和适当地位于外壳210内部的过滤器元件220，最佳如图2所示。在一个实施例中，过滤器元件220是陶瓷单块结构。过滤器元件220为壁流过滤型，也就是说废气流150自入口通道230流过多孔内壁240，到达出口通道250。废气流150的过滤主要在废气流150流经内壁240的孔时发生，由此得到术语壁流过滤。过滤器元件220被构造用以捕集废气颗粒并使灰分微粒通过或漏出。(累积的灰分颗粒在图3中大体上由附图标记330表示)。
每条入口通道230在一个端部310具有进气口260，且在相对的端部320具有多孔端塞270。每条出口通道250在一个端部320具有排气口280，且在相对的端部310具有端塞290。废气流150在进气口260处进入过滤器元件220，流经多孔内壁240，并且在排气口280处从过滤器元件220中排出。这样，入口通道230和出口通道250被认为是经由内壁240彼此流体连通。为了利于在多孔端塞270处废气颗粒的捕集和灰分微粒的漏出(灰分微粒的漏出在图3中用箭头340表示)，多孔端塞270的孔隙尺寸等于或大于30微米左右，优选在30微米左右到60微米左右。过滤器元件220的内壁240的孔隙尺寸小于30微米左右，由此能够捕集废气颗粒。端塞290可以是实心的或可以具有与内壁240相似的孔隙率。按照这种方式，技术人员可以容易地认识到通常多孔端塞270具有比端塞290更大的孔隙率。
在图2所示的实施例中，过滤器元件220为陶瓷单块结构，其具有限定出并且分隔开入口通道和出口通道230、250的多个多孔内壁240。入口和出口通道230、250布置成平行于废气流150的方向，在废气流150流经内壁240时，导致产生斜向一边的流动(在图3中由箭头300表示)。外壳210包括第一端部310和第二端部320。进气口260和端塞290设在第一端部310处，排气口280和多孔端塞270设在第二端部320处。在一个实施例中，如图2和3所示，多孔端塞270的总表面积明显小于内壁240的总表面积，典型比例小于大约1∶240。
下面参照图2和3说明颗粒过滤器200从排气系统100的废气流150中过滤颗粒的方法。废气流150在颗粒过滤器200的第一端部310处被接收，所述颗粒过滤器为陶瓷单块结构(由附图标记220表示)，具有限定出入口通道230和出口通道250的多孔壁(由附图标记240表示)。入口通道230在第一端部310处具有进气口260以接收废气流150，且在第二端部320处具有多孔端塞270以渗漏灰分(由附图标记340表示)。废气流150的方向平行于入口和出口通道230、250。灰分的渗漏一般在再生后会更显著，在颗粒过滤器200之前或过滤器中催化或加热使废气颗粒中的含碳部分燃烧，并有助于从烟炱中分离出灰分。
在一个实施例中，颗粒过滤器200包括未示出的已公知的合适的加热装置，例如电加热器装置或者燃料燃烧器装置，以在被陶瓷单块结构220捕获之前提供必要的热量而实现颗粒的焚烧，从而实现其再生。陶瓷单块结构220的再生用以使被捕集的废气颗粒的大部分转化成足以随后渗过多孔端塞270的灰分微粒。
出口通道250在第二端部320具有排气口280以排出废气流150，且在第一端部310具有端塞290来阻塞进入的废气流150。废气流150在其流经入口和出口通道230、250之间的多孔壁240时在陶瓷单块结构220处被过滤。废气副产物，例如金属微粒和含碳物质，被多孔壁240、端塞290和多孔端塞270捕集，而灰分微粒则流过，或者更具体而言渗漏通过多孔端塞270。被过滤的废气流150然后通过排气口280被排放。
如上所述，多孔端塞270具有等于或大于大约30微米的孔隙大小，且优选等于或大于大约30微米，并等于或小于大约60微米。多孔壁240和端塞290，由于在那些位置处的孔隙尺寸，不允许灰分微粒发生泄漏，由此会在颗粒过滤器200中捕集到一些灰分微粒。
如所披露的，本发明的一个实施例提供灰分从颗粒过滤器200中经由多孔端塞270泄漏，由此减少或者排除了机械清洁来自颗粒过滤器200的灰分微粒的需要。
虽然已经结合典型实施例描述了本发明，但是可以理解的是对于本领域技术人员来说，可以进行各种变化，以及用等效的部件进行取代，而不偏离本发明的范围。另外，在本发明的教导下可以进行多种改变以适应特定的情况或材料，而不偏离本发明的本质范围。因此，本发明并不旨在限于作为本发明最佳实施方式的实施例，而是本发明将包括落入所附权利要求范围内的所有实施方式。此外，“第一”、“第二”等术语的使用不表示任何次序或重要性，这些术语是用来对一个元件和另一个元件进行区别。并且，表示“一个”等的术语不表示对数量的限制，而是表示存在至少一个所述的部件。

Claims (17)

1、一种被构造用于处理废气流的排气系统的颗粒过滤器，包括：
外壳；和
位于所述外壳内部的壁流过滤元件，所述壁流过滤元件具有限定出足以捕集废气颗粒并使灰分微粒通过的孔隙率的孔。
2、根据权利要求1所述的颗粒过滤器，其中
所述壁流过滤元件包括入口通道，其一端具有进气口，在相对的一端具有第一端塞，以及出口通道，其一端具有排气口，在相对的一端具有第二端塞；
所述入口通道与所述出口通道流体连通；
所述壁流过滤元件用以在所述进气口接收废气流，在所述排气口排出废气流；且
所述第一端塞具有比所述第二端塞大的孔隙率。
3、根据权利要求2所述的颗粒过滤器，其中所述壁流过滤元件包括陶瓷单块结构，其具有多个限定出所述入口和出口通道的多孔内壁，所述入口和出口通道被所述多孔内壁隔开，以允许废气流通过所述入口和出口通道之间的孔。
4、根据权利要求2所述的颗粒过滤器，其中所述第一端塞的孔被构造用于捕集废气颗粒，并允许灰分微粒漏出。
5、根据权利要求4所述的颗粒过滤器，其中所述第一端塞的孔隙大小等于或大于大约30微米。
6、根据权利要求5所述的颗粒过滤器，其中所述第一端塞的孔隙大小等于或大于大约30微米，并等于或小于大约60微米。
7、根据权利要求2所述的颗粒过滤器，其中
所述外壳包括第一端部和第二端部；
所述入口通道的所述进气口位于所述外壳的所述第一端部；且
所述出口通道的所述排气口位于所述外壳的所述第二端部。
8、根据权利要求3所述的颗粒过滤器，其中所述第一端塞的总表面积远小于所述内壁的总表面积。
9、根据权利要求3所述的颗粒过滤器，其中所述入口和出口通道和所述内壁与废气流平行进行布置。
10、一种被构造用于处理废气流的排气系统的颗粒过滤器，包括：
具有第一端部和第二端部的外壳；
设置在所述外壳内部的壁流过滤元件，包括陶瓷单块结构，其具有多个限定出入口和出口通道的多孔内壁，所述入口和出口通道被所述多孔内壁隔开，以允许废气流经过所述入口和出口通道之间的孔；
所述入口通道包括在一端的进气口和在相对一端的第一端塞，且被构造用于在所述进气口接收废气流，所述进气口设置在所述外壳的所述第一端部处；
所述出口通道包括在一端的排气口和在相对一端的第二端塞，且被构造用于在所述排气口排出废气流，所述排气口设置在所述外壳的所述第二端部处；且
所述第一端塞具有比所述第二端塞大的孔隙率。
11、根据权利要求10所述的颗粒过滤器，其中
所述第一端塞的孔被构造用于捕集废气颗粒并允许灰分微粒漏出；
所述第一端塞的总表面积远小于所述内壁的总表面积；且
所述入口和出口通道和所述内壁与废气流平行进行布置。
12、一种用于过滤排气系统的废气流中的颗粒的方法，包括：
在颗粒过滤器的一端接收废气流，所述过滤器具有陶瓷单块结构，其具有限定出入口通道和出口通道的多孔壁，每条入口通道在一端具有进气口以接收废气流，在相对的端部具有多孔塞，每条出口通道在一端具有排气口以排出废气流，在相对的端部具有端塞；
当废气流流经入口通道和出口通道之间的多孔壁时，在陶瓷单块结构处过滤废气流；
在多孔壁、端塞和多孔塞处捕集排气副产品，且使灰分微粒通过多孔塞；以及
在排气口处排出废气流。
13、根据权利要求12所述的方法，进一步包括：再生陶瓷单块结构，并将被捕集的废气颗粒转化成灰分微粒。
14、根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中所述捕集步骤进一步包括：在多孔壁和端塞处捕集灰分微粒。
15、根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中所述通过步骤进一步包括：使灰分微粒通过多孔塞，所述多孔塞具有等于或大于大约30微米的孔隙大小。
16、根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中所述通过步骤进一步包括：使灰分微粒通过多孔塞，所述多孔塞具有等于或大于大约30微米、且等于或小于大约60微米的孔隙大小。
17、根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中所述接收步骤进一步包括：在与入口和出口通道平行的方向接收废气流。
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