CN1761815A - 水下发电设备 - Google Patents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
- F03B17/06—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
- F03B17/061—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially in flow direction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
- F03B13/10—Submerged units incorporating electric generators or motors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
- F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
- F03B13/26—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy
- F03B13/264—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy using the horizontal flow of water resulting from tide movement
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
- E02B2017/0091—Offshore structures for wind turbines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
Abstract
本发明公开了一种海下发电设备(1),其包括两个在一支柱的两侧并排安装的涡轮机(3),每个涡轮机(3)具有一组反向转动的涡轮叶片。所述设备(1)在位置(9)处与一对系泊线缆(7)可枢转地相互连接。所述涡轮机(3)有正浮力,从而在零水流中其竖直向上指向。当水流朝箭头A所示方向流动时,对涡轮机(3)和支柱的拖曳力使得所述设备(1)绕枢转点(9)枢转并倾斜成由标号(10)指示的状态。当潮水改变方向,流经所述设备(1)的水流量减少。因此,所述设备(1)将趋向于浮动回到竖直状态。最后,由于潮汐的作用,水将开始朝由箭头B指示的方向流动,并且所述设备(1)将倾斜成由标号(12)指示的位置。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于由水流产生电能的设备,具体涉及但不仅仅涉及由潮流发电的设备。
背景技术
为了使可再生能源经济可行,必须降低由可再生能源发电的成本。具体地,在潮汐发电的情况下,由于海水通常的危险性和侵蚀性,潮汐发电设备的生产和维护成本很高。
现有技术的潮汐发电设备依靠一个涡轮机通过绕经过一系泊点的竖直轴线转动,或者通过转动一支柱或其它这样的固定装置,来使其本身与潮流成一直线。这种装置存在以下缺点:由于涡轮机极其趋向于使其本身与水流方向成一直线,从而相对于涡轮体,所述涡轮叶片绕一大致水平轴线转动(以便使涡轮机的效率最大化),涡轮机往往发生绕一大致竖直轴线从前向取向到后向取向的运动。因此,由于水流方向上的改变导致的涡轮机的反复转动导致联接于涡轮机的系泊线缆或任意电缆扭转,这又意味着有必要使用复杂并且昂贵的滑环装置以避免线缆的扭转,或者发电设备必须停止运转以使扭转线缆能够反转。
发明内容
本发明的优选实施例寻求克服现有技术中的以上缺点。
根据本发明,提供一种用于由水流产生电能的设备,所述设备包括:
至少一个有正浮力的涡轮机,包括一相应的第一部分和一相应的第二部分,相对于所述第一部分,所述第二部分适于借助于水流绕一相应轴线转动,其中,涡轮机或每个涡轮机的质心以及浮力中心彼此间隔开,从而所述涡轮或每个所述涡轮的轴线适于在非流动的水中呈大致竖直的取向;以及
至少一个系泊线缆,其用于将在淹没状态下的所述涡轮机或每个所述涡轮机系泊于水体的底部。
通过提供一个在淹没状态下系泊于海底或河底的有正浮力的涡轮机,由于浮力和由线缆提供的系泊力的反作用力,系泊线缆一直处于拉紧状态。通过将涡轮机或每个涡轮机的质心以及浮力中心彼此间隔开设置,从而涡轮机或每个涡轮机的轴线适于在非流动的水中呈一个基本上竖直的取向,这提供了以下优点:涡轮机可以从前向方向(表示涨潮流动)移动到后向方向(表示退潮流动),而其轴线保持在一大致竖直平面内。这又提供了连接于涡轮机的线缆扭转的趋向性减少到最小的优点,因此不需要用于使涡轮机与水流成一直线的转动部件或其他驱动形式。此外,这提供了如下优点:反向作用力一直存在,使得水流驱动涡轮机叶片。而且,由于涡轮机系泊于水面之下,这提供了可消除由水面波浪和天气造成的危险的优点。
在优选实施例中,至少一个所述涡轮机可以借助于多个所述系泊线缆而连接于水体的底部。
这提供了优点:进一步将连接于所述涡轮机的线缆扭转减少到最小。
所述设备可进一步包括至少一个将一对所述系泊线缆分开的间隔部件。
这提供了优点:使多个线缆绕彼此扭转的程度减少到最小。
在优选实施例中,多个所述涡轮机彼此刚性连接。
至少一对所述相互连接的涡轮机的第二部件适于朝彼此相反的方向转动。
这提供了优点:使由各涡轮叶片的转动产生的合成转矩减少到最小。
至少一个所述涡轮机可进一步包括一发电机。
所述设备可进一步包括至少一个电缆,其连接于所述涡轮机并且适于将所生成的电流传送到远离所述涡轮机的位置。
至少一个所述系泊线缆是刚性的。
这提供了优点:增加了所述设备的强度。
附图说明
现在将参照附图,通过举例的方式而非限制性的方式对本发明的优选实施例进行描述,附图中:
图1为本发明第一实施例的用于产生电能的设备的侧视图,其中,相对于一系泊装置,所述设备以三个取向示出;
图2为图1的所述设备的正视图;
图3为本发明第二实施例的设备的侧视图;
图4为图3的设备的正视图;
图5a到5c示出了图3中设备的打捞(retrieve)过程;
具体实施方式
参照图1和图2,一海下发电设备1包括在翼形截面的支柱4的两侧并排安装的两个涡轮机3。每个涡轮机3具有一组涡轮叶片5,在图2所示的实施例中,其相向旋转从而抵消由每个涡轮机产生的相应转矩。所述装置1在位置点9处可枢转地与一对系泊于海底6的系泊线缆7相连接。
所述涡轮机3是有正浮力的,从而在零水流情况下其竖直向上指向,如标号8所示。当水流朝由箭头A示出的方向流动时,对涡轮机3和支柱4的拖曳力使得所述发电设备1绕枢转点9枢转,并且倾斜成由标号10所示的由虚线示出的状态。
在这个位置流经涡轮机3的水的作用力使得所述涡轮叶片5旋转并因此在发电机(未示出)中产生电力。该电能通过线缆11从所述涡轮机3移出。
当潮水开始改变方向时,流经所述涡轮组件1的水流量减少。因此,涡轮组件1将趋向于浮动回到由标号8所示的竖直状态。由于潮汐的作用,水开始朝由箭头B示出的方向流动,并且所述设备1将倾斜到由标号12所示的并用虚线示出的位置。
以该方式,可以看出:涡轮组件1通过绕经过点13的轴线在大致竖直的平面上转动,其改变方向以使本身与水流成一直线,而系泊线缆在点13系泊于海底。因为存在两根系泊线缆7并且由于所述涡轮组件1的浮力这些线缆总是拉紧的,可以防止所述涡轮组件1绕一竖直轴线旋转,如果这样的话,从而防止系泊线缆7轨迹为锥形面。因此这使任何线缆例如系泊线缆7或线缆11扭转最小。
参照图3和4,示出了所述发电设备1的第二实施例。在该实施例中,系泊线缆7由间隔杆14分隔设置,并且此外四个以两V形结构设置的线缆15(其两个线缆在图4中可见)将所述间隔杆在点16和17系泊于海底。因此,所述装置1绕间隔杆14枢转从而跟随水流的流动。在该方面,所述设备1以与图1和2的设备类似的方式而工作。
参照图5a、5b、5c,现在将描述用于所述发电设备1的维护过程。
间隔杆14在锚定点16和17系泊于海底6。其中一根系泊线缆,在这种情况下是在锚定点17处锚定于海底的系泊线缆,进一步与线缆18的延伸部分连接,线缆18的一端固定于系泊线缆15,而第二端与浮在海面上的浮标19连接。
为了使所述涡轮组件1上升到表面,水面舰船20必须打捞浮标19并且将线缆18与一绞盘(未示出)连接。锚定点17装配有使得线缆18穿过锚定点17的释放装置,从而所述涡轮组件1可以浮到海面。所述发电组件1的竖直上升速度由水面舰船20上的绞盘(未示出)控制。在17处的锚固装置(其可以是一球形抓取装置或等同系统)的释放通过本领域的普通技术人员熟悉的一远程操作车辆、钢丝绳或其他这样的系统来实现。当所述涡轮组件1在水面上时,可以进行任何适当的修理或维护。
为了使涡轮组件1返回其水下的工作位置,水面舰船20上的绞盘(未示出)反转并且涡轮组件1被拉回至适当位置。然后在锚定点17的锚固装置(未示出)重新激活从而将系泊线缆15固定于海底。
本领域内普通技术人员理解:以上实施例仅是以举例性的而不是任何限制性的方式进行了描述,并且可以进行各种改变和修改而不偏离附加权利要求限定的本发明范围。具体地,上面描述的实施例将两个涡轮机并排放置,从而涡轮叶片的反转抵消了由涡轮机产生的作用或转矩。如果所述系泊组件由刚性结构形成,刚性系泊组件可以设计成具有足够强度以平衡所述涡轮机的转矩产生的效应,从而在发电设备中仅需使用单个涡轮机。
Claims (9)
1、一种用于由水流产生电能的设备,所述设备包括:
至少一个有正浮力的涡轮机,包括一相应的第一部分和一相应的第二部分,相对于所述第一部分,所述第二部分适于借助于水流绕一相应轴线转动,其中,涡轮机或每个涡轮机的质心以及浮力中心彼此间隔开,从而所述涡轮或每个所述涡轮的轴线适于在非流动的水中呈大致竖直的取向;以及
至少一个系泊线缆,其用于将在淹没状态下的所述涡轮机或每个所述涡轮机系泊于水体的底部。
2、如权利要求1所述的设备,其中,至少一个所述涡轮机可以借助于多个所述系泊线缆而连接到水体的底部。
3、如权利要求2所述的设备,其进一步包括至少一个将一对所述系泊线缆分开的间隔部件。
4、如上述权利要求中任一项所述的设备,其中,多个所述涡轮机彼此刚性连接。
5、如权利要求4所述的设备,其中,至少一对所述相互连接的涡轮机的第二部件适于朝彼此相反的方向转动。
6、如上述权利要求中任一项所述的设备,其中,至少一个所述涡轮机进一步包括一个发电机。
7、如权利要求6所述的设备,其进一步包括至少一个电缆,其连接于所述涡轮机并且适于将所生成的电流传送到远离所述涡轮机的位置。
8、如上述权利要求中任一项所述的设备,其中,至少一个所述系泊线缆是刚性的。
9、一种用于由水流产生电能的设备,该设备基本上是如以上参照附图所描述的那样。
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GB0306093.6 | 2003-03-18 | ||
GBGB0306093.6A GB0306093D0 (en) | 2003-03-18 | 2003-03-18 | Submerged power generating apparatus |
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CN1761815A true CN1761815A (zh) | 2006-04-19 |
CN100516509C CN100516509C (zh) | 2009-07-22 |
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US (1) | US7441988B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1604107B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4642747B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100516509C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE492723T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2004221636B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2519007C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE602004030664D1 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK1604107T3 (zh) |
GB (1) | GB0306093D0 (zh) |
NO (1) | NO330622B1 (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ542438A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2004083629A1 (zh) |
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CN102317617B (zh) * | 2008-12-15 | 2014-12-10 | 格威夫有限公司 | 通过波浪作用产生能量的系统 |
US9944353B2 (en) | 2012-06-04 | 2018-04-17 | Gwave Llc | System for producing energy through the action of waves |
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- 2004-02-26 DK DK04714839.0T patent/DK1604107T3/da active
- 2004-02-26 AT AT04714839T patent/ATE492723T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-02-26 CN CNB2004800071590A patent/CN100516509C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2004-02-26 JP JP2006505894A patent/JP4642747B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-02-26 DE DE602004030664T patent/DE602004030664D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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CN104105872A (zh) * | 2011-12-27 | 2014-10-15 | 米内斯图股份公司 | 用于水下移动运载体的系链 |
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CN113167209A (zh) * | 2018-12-20 | 2021-07-23 | 米内斯图股份公司 | 用于产生电力的潜水式发电设备 |
CN113167209B (zh) * | 2018-12-20 | 2023-11-21 | 米内斯图股份公司 | 用于产生电力的潜水式发电设备 |
CN111810349A (zh) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-10-23 | 康林科 | 一种离岸的潮汐发电装置 |
CN111810349B (zh) * | 2020-06-10 | 2022-01-18 | 中国矿业大学 | 一种离岸的潮汐发电装置 |
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JP2006520870A (ja) | 2006-09-14 |
CN100516509C (zh) | 2009-07-22 |
NZ542438A (en) | 2007-11-30 |
DK1604107T3 (da) | 2011-03-07 |
NO20054209L (no) | 2005-11-11 |
US20060222461A1 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
CA2519007A1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
NO20054209D0 (no) | 2005-09-12 |
CA2519007C (en) | 2013-07-09 |
DE602004030664D1 (de) | 2011-02-03 |
EP1604107A1 (en) | 2005-12-14 |
ATE492723T1 (de) | 2011-01-15 |
AU2004221636B2 (en) | 2010-04-29 |
EP1604107B1 (en) | 2010-12-22 |
GB0306093D0 (en) | 2003-04-23 |
JP4642747B2 (ja) | 2011-03-02 |
NO330622B1 (no) | 2011-05-30 |
WO2004083629A1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
AU2004221636A1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
US7441988B2 (en) | 2008-10-28 |
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