CN1759165A - Dot4制动液 - Google Patents

Dot4制动液 Download PDF

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CN1759165A
CN1759165A CNA2004800065763A CN200480006576A CN1759165A CN 1759165 A CN1759165 A CN 1759165A CN A2004800065763 A CNA2004800065763 A CN A2004800065763A CN 200480006576 A CN200480006576 A CN 200480006576A CN 1759165 A CN1759165 A CN 1759165A
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glycol
braking fluid
acid
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B·文德罗特
B·艾丁
M·罗伊达
R·斯塔奥斯
L·梅萨罗斯
H·马茨凯特
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BASF SE
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种制动液,其包含a)10-50重量%、优选20-40重量%的二甘醇和/或二丙二醇,b)50-90重量%、优选60-80重量%的(多)乙二醇和/或(多)丙二醇的一种或多种单烷基醚。本发明制动液尤其不包含硼酸酯,并且由于吸湿性较低,适于在高相对湿度地区使用。

Description

DOT 4制动液
本发明涉及新型DOT 4制动液,其中不必添加硼酸酯(硼酸的酯)。该制动液包含
(a)10-50重量%二甘醇和/或二丙二醇
(b)50-90重量%(多)乙二醇单烷基醚和/或(多)丙二醇单烷基醚,并且优选不包含多二醇二烷基二醚。
用于机动车的液压流体,特别是制动液,在其化学和物理性能方面都有非常高的要求。根据美国运输部(DOT)联邦机动车安全标准FMVSSNo.116以及汽车工程协会出版的标准SAE J1704关于制动液的现有标准和规格,现代制动液一方面应具有高平衡回流沸点(ERBP)和高湿ERBP,但是另一方面还应该具有在宽温范围内仅轻微改变的粘度。
因此,对于根据FMVSS No.116的DOT 4制动液,必须符合下述规格值:
ERBP:≥230℃
湿ERBP:≥155℃
-40℃下的粘度:≤1800mm2/s
而且为了充分良好地保护金属和非铁金属免受制动液的腐蚀,还有更严格的要求,这可通过其中包含的腐蚀抑制剂添加剂实现。
商业可得DOT 4制动液总是包含硼酸酯,例如甲基三甘醇硼酸酯,其可以通过水解反应由制动液化学地消除一定量的渗入的水。其缺点是硼酸酯本身是吸湿的,结果所述DOT 4制动液,特别是在高相对湿度地区,例如热带和亚热带地区,会迅速吸收大量水份,以致尽管硼酸酯具有捕集功能,填充了该制动液的制动系统的可操作性也受到不利影响。
US 3,625,899描述了除其他添加剂之外还包含54.5-92%的至少一种硼酸酯、最高达20%聚亚烷基二醇和3-43%聚二醇单烷基醚或二烷基醚的DOT 4制动液。
US 3,972,822描述了其中包含40-65%聚二醇单烷基醚、16-45%聚二醇、10-19%硼酸酯和腐蚀抑制剂的DOT 4制动液。
WO 00/46325描述了包含不同量甲基三甘醇硼酸酯、乙二醇醚、乙二醇和添加剂体系的DOT 4制动液。
WO 02/38711也公开了相应的DOT 4制动液,其中包含不同的甲基聚乙二醇硼酸酯、聚乙二醇单烷基醚和腐蚀抑制剂。
DE 3627432 C2描述了无硼酸酯的制动液,其中包含30-80%二醇组分和最高达70%的聚二醇烷基醚。所述二醇组分又包含0-80、优选55-80重量%二甘醇和/和二丙二醇。所述聚二醇烷基醚包含0-90、优选0-50重量%的至少一种聚二醇单烷基醚。在选定的混合比中,这些液体符合DOT 4规格。这些配方突出的缺点是ERBP仅刚刚高于规格极限,而且使用了聚二醇二烷基醚,其合成比较昂贵并且还经常导致与橡胶和密封材料间的不相容反应。
因此仍需要符合DOT 4规格的低粘度制动液。
本发明的目的在于提供这种制动液。优选地,该制动液不应非常吸湿,并且应该能够用于高相对湿度地区。特别地,应该有必要仅使用少量硼酸酯,或者理想地,甚至应当完全不需要使用这种酯。
我们发现,通过包含下述组分的制动液实现了该目的:
a)10-50重量%的二甘醇和/或二丙二醇,和
b)50-90重量%的(多)乙二醇或(多)丙二醇的一种或多种单烷基醚。
特别地,该新型制动液不含硼酸酯。
可以使用二甘醇或二丙二醇或以任何所需比例混合的二甘醇与二丙二醇的混合物。优选二甘醇。
在本发明制动液中,二甘醇和/或二丙二醇以10-50重量%、优选20-40重量%的量存在。
发明制动液的其他组分包含(多)乙二醇和/或(多)丙二醇的一种或多种单烷基醚,其以50-90重量%、优选60-80重量%的量存在。
合适的(多)乙二醇实例是单乙二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、四甘醇、五甘醇和六甘醇。
合适的(多)丙二醇实例是单丙二醇、二丙二醇、三丙二醇、四丙二醇、五丙二醇和六丙二醇。
二甘醇、三甘醇和/或四甘醇为优选。
根据本发明使用的(多)乙二醇和(多)丙二醇单烷基醚中的烷基优选是直链或支链的C1-C6烷基。更优选的是使用直链或支链C1-C4烷基,例如甲基、乙基、异丙基、正丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基。
所述烷基特别是甲基、乙基、异丙基或正丁基。
在本发明中,优选使用甲基二甘醇、甲基三甘醇、甲基四甘醇和/或丁基三甘醇。
本发明制动液具有接近于迄今使用无硼酸酯制动液所能达到的湿ERBP,特别是ERBP。它们与目前仅使用含硼酸酯的制动液所达到的ERBP相当。但是,由于缺少硼酸酯,该新型制动液的吸湿性远低于含硼酸酯的制动液。这对于尤其在热带和亚热带地区的使用是有利的,因为虽然部分水由于加入硼酸酯被结合,但还是较快地吸收水。这样在各种情况下导致了制动液质量恶化。特别地,这种质量下降不仅经常出现在机动车的制动系统中,而且还在制动液的储存和运输期间出现。本发明制动液不存在所述缺点。
实际上,本发明制动液可以包含不同量的硼酸酯。但是,这样本发明低吸湿性的优点就不能实现。当硼酸酯以根据现有技术的常规量加入时尤为如此。
此外,本发明液体特别是不含多亚烷基二醇二烷基醚。尽管这些也可以不同的量存在,但本发明制动液的优点,特别是与橡胶和密封材料的相容性一般就不能达到,当然,这也取决于任何聚亚烷基二醇二烷基醚的存在量。
其他的聚二醇可以作为可选组分存在于该新型配方中。优选使用环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷和/或环氧丁烷与水或二醇的较高沸点的反应产物。特别使用环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷混合物与水的反应产物。环氧烷单元在所述聚二醇中的数一般为2-10,优选2或3,并且量最高可达5%。
这些高沸点聚二醇的作用是起到润滑剂的作用,这主要是因为改善了温度-粘性性能。聚二醇使通常在高温下具有低粘度的聚二醇单烷基醚具有足够的粘度,以确保充分的润滑性。充分的润滑性是合意的,因为在机动车制动系统的构件中,橡胶或弹性体必须以非常小的磨耗在金属上滑动。
在另一种实施方式中,本发明用于机动车的DOT 4制动液还包含0.001-10重量%、优选0.005-4重量%、尤其0.005-1重量%的一种或多种腐蚀抑制剂,例如1H-1,2,3-苯并三唑、1H-1,2,3-甲苯三唑(tolutriazole)、氢化1H-1,2,3-甲苯三唑、苯并咪唑和/或它们的衍生物,磷酸和亚磷酸的碱金属盐,脂肪酸,优选辛酸、月桂酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸或油酸,和它们的碱金属盐,磷酸和亚磷酸的酯,优选磷酸乙酯、磷酸二甲酯、磷酸异丙酯、磷酸二异丙酯、亚磷酸丁酯或亚磷酸二甲酯,可以乙氧基化的单烷基胺和二烷基胺和它们与无机酸和脂肪酸的盐,优选丁胺、己胺、辛胺、异壬基胺、油烯基胺、二丙基胺、二异丙基胺或二丁基胺,可以乙氧基化的链烷醇胺,优选单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺或三乙醇胺、N,N’-二正丁基氨基乙醇或1,1’-亚胺基-二丙-2-醇、环己胺,和/或硝基芳烃,优选3-硝基苯甲醛。
本发明制动液还可以包含一种或多种WO 01/90281描述的且如下式的杂环化合物
其中
(i)X是N,Y是CR,并且Z是N或
(ii)X是N,Y是N,并且Z是N或CR或
(iii)X是CR,Y是N,并且Z是N,
R在各种情况下与存在的其他基团R独立地为氢原子或基团R1
R1在各种情况下与存在的其他基团R1独立地为烷基,芳基,芳烷基,卤素,卤代烷基,未取代氨基或由烷基、芳基或芳烷基取代的氨基,杂环基,氰基,羧基,烷氧基羰基,羟基或烷氧基,所述有机基团R1各自为1-30个碳原子,并且
n是0、1或2。这种类型优选化合物的实例为嘌呤、腺嘌呤、6-氯嘌呤、2,6-二氯嘌呤、6-甲氧基嘌呤、1H-1,2,3-三唑[4,6b]吡啶、6-组氨基嘌呤和6-糠基氨基嘌呤。
本发明无硼酸酯的DOT 4制动液还含有WO 02/081604中描述的配剂并包含1H-1,2,4-三唑。
本发明制动液可另外含有WO 00/65001提及且如式I的环状羧酸衍生物,
其中
X是氧原子或式N-R1的基团,
R1是氢或直链或支链C1-C20烷基,或环烷基或未取代或取代的苯基,所述C1-C20烷基可另外被最多9个非相邻氧原子间断和/或可以携带最多6个羟基,
A是式-CR2R3-基团,
R2和R3各自是氢或C1-C8烷基,所述烷基可另外被最多4个非相邻氧原子间断和/或可以携带最多3个羟基,并且
n是2-7。
这些适合在水存在下作为降低低温粘度的组分。
存在于本发明用于机动车的制动液中的其他组分和助剂是传统的抗氧化剂,例如吩噻嗪和/或基于酚的那些,和传统消泡剂和标记剂。
上文和下文所述所有重量百分比均基于液压流体或制动液的总量。
本发明无硼酸酯DOT 4制动液很好地满足了本文开始所述的要求,而且与现有技术相比通常具有良好的抗腐蚀性,即在是例如铁、钢、白铁皮、铸铁(灰铸铁)、铅、锡、铬、锌、铝、镁的金属和其合金的情况下,和在是例如焊锡的软焊料的情况下,以及在是例如铜的非铁金属和其合金例如黄铜的情况下,保证了非常好的防腐蚀性。
除了因不含硼酸酯而吸湿性显著降低之外,可以指出的所述用于机动车的本发明DOT4制动液的其他优点是其有利的低温粘度,良好的水相容性,适度的pH,良好的低温、高温和氧化稳定性和良好的化学稳定性,对例如橡胶、塑料、粘胶、纤维、弹性体和橡胶密封剂的材料和类似材料的有益性能(即与它们良好的相容性)和良好的润滑行为。
下述实施例旨在说明本发明,但不构成任何限制。
使用实施例:
所用本发明DOT 4制动液具有下述组成:
发明例BF1:
31.0%   二甘醇
67.7%   甲基二甘醇、丁基二甘醇、丁基三甘醇和甲基四甘醇的混
         合物
1.3%    1,1’-亚胺基二丙-2-醇、双酚A、甲苯三唑和3-硝基苯甲醛
         的混合物
对比例BF2
(对应于DE 3627432 C2)
39%     二甘醇
26%     三甘醇
24%     三甘醇二甲醚
10%     甲基三甘醇
1%       腐蚀抑制剂(使用1,1’-亚胺基二丙-2-醇)
物理数据:
              BF1                  BF2(对比)
ERBP[℃]      251                  234
              159                  153
湿ERBP[℃]    (吸水率:3.27%;    (吸水率:3.93%;
              对比RM 71:3.73%)   对比RM 71:3.70%)
-40℃下的粘度 1393                 1277
[mm2/s]
与根据DE3627432 C2的现有技术相比,本发明无硼酸酯的DOT 4制动液特别具有显著较高的ERBP,其中在是BF1的情况下,非常容易地超过根据FMVSS No.116的最低要求20℃,并且吸水率较低,而且与之相关的湿ERBP较高。
此外,本发明制动液导致非常好的防腐蚀性能,如下述BF1结果所示:
根据SAE J 1704的腐蚀试验,试验持续时间120小时/100℃:
金属      重量变化[mg/cm2]  外观
白铁皮    ±0.00            未改变
钢        +0.01             未改变
铝        ±0.00            未改变
灰铸铁    +0.04             未改变
黄铜      -0.05             轻微锈蚀
铜        -0.05             轻微锈蚀
锌        +0.03             锈蚀
试验前/后的pH:9.9/9.6

Claims (12)

1.一种制动液,其包含
a)10-50重量%、优选20-40重量%的二甘醇和/或二丙二醇和
b)50-90重量%、优选60-80重量%的(多)乙二醇单烷基醚和/或(多)丙二醇的一种或多种单烷基醚。
2.如权利要求1所述的制动液,其中不包含硼酸酯。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的制动液,其中不包含多亚烷基二醇二烷基醚。
4.如权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的制动液,其中用二甘醇作组分a)。
5.如权利要求1-4中任意一项所述的制动液,其中在组分b)中,所述二醇选自单乙二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、四甘醇、五甘醇、六甘醇、单丙二醇、二丙二醇、三丙二醇、四丙二醇、五丙二醇和六丙二醇。
6.如权利要求1-5中任意一项所述的制动液,其中在组分b)中,所述烷基选自直链和支链C1-C6烷基,优选直链和支链C1-C4烷基,尤其是甲基、乙基、异丙基和正丁基。
7.如权利要求1-6中任意一项所述的制动液,其中组分b)选自甲基二甘醇、甲基三甘醇、甲基四甘醇和丁基三甘醇。
8.如权利要求1-7中任意一项所述的制动液,其中还存在具有2-10个、优选2或3个环氧烷单元的环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷和/或环氧丁烷与水或二醇的反应产物,优选环氧乙烷和氧化丙烷的混合物与水的反应产物。
9.如权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的制动液,其中存在0.01-10重量%、优选0.005-4重量%、尤其0.005-1重量%的一种或多种腐蚀抑制剂。
10.如权利要求1-9中任意一项所述的制动液,其中所述腐蚀抑制剂选自1H-1,2,3-苯并三唑、1H-1,2,3-甲苯三唑、氢化的1H-1,2,3-甲苯三唑、苯并咪唑和/或它们的衍生物,磷酸和亚磷酸的碱金属盐,脂肪酸,优选辛酸、月桂酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸或油酸和它们的碱金属盐,磷酸和亚磷酸的酯,优选磷酸乙酯、磷酸二甲酯、磷酸异丙酯、磷酸二异丙酯、亚磷酸丁酯或亚磷酸二甲酯,可以乙氧基化的单烷基胺和二烷基胺和它们与无机酸和脂肪酸的盐,优选丁胺、己胺、辛胺、异壬基胺、油烯基胺、二丙基胺、二异丙基胺或二丁基胺,可以乙氧基化的链烷醇胺,优选单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺或三乙醇胺、N,N’-二正丁基氨基乙醇或1,1’-亚胺二-2-丙醇、环己胺,和/或硝基芳烃,优选3-硝基苯甲醛。
11.如权利要求1-10中任意一项所述的制动液,其符合下述规格值(DOT4):
ERBP:≥230℃
湿ERBP:≥155℃
-40℃下的粘度:≤1800mm2/s。
12.如权利要求1-11中任意一项所述的制动液的用途,用作机动车中的制动液,优选在高相对湿度地区使用。
CNA2004800065763A 2003-03-12 2004-03-11 Dot4制动液 Pending CN1759165A (zh)

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