CN1734819A - High pressure hydrogen storage apparatus in fuel cell generating system - Google Patents

High pressure hydrogen storage apparatus in fuel cell generating system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1734819A
CN1734819A CNA2004100536301A CN200410053630A CN1734819A CN 1734819 A CN1734819 A CN 1734819A CN A2004100536301 A CNA2004100536301 A CN A2004100536301A CN 200410053630 A CN200410053630 A CN 200410053630A CN 1734819 A CN1734819 A CN 1734819A
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valve
pressure
hydrogen
hydrogen storage
release
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CN100361336C (en
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胡里清
夏建伟
章波
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Co
Shanghai Shenli Technology Co Ltd
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Shanghai Shen Li High Tech Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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Abstract

This invention relates to high pressure hydrogen storage device in fuel battery electric power system, which comprises a high pressure hydrogen storage bottle, a hydrogen stable pressure valve, a hydrogen charge valve, and a group valve that comprises electromagnetic and mechanical bleeder valves arranged on outer of hydrogen storage bottle, sensors for pressure and temperature arranged interior of hydrogen storage bottle, and hydrogen blow-off pipe that is drawn from hydrogen storage bottle and separated into two branch pipes; wherein, the two said bleeder valves are on the two pipes; the electromagnetic bleeder valve connects to sensor. Compared with existing technique, the invention has well security.

Description

High-pressure hydrogen storage device in fuel cell power generation system
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a fuel cell, and more particularly to a high-pressure hydrogen storage device in a fuel cell power generation system.
Background
An electrochemical fuel cell is a device capable of converting hydrogen and an oxidant into electrical energy and reaction products. The inner core component of the device is a Membrane Electrode (MEA), which is composed of a proton exchange Membrane and two porous conductive materials sandwiched between two surfaces of the Membrane, such as carbon paper. The membrane contains a uniform and finely dispersed catalyst, such as a platinum metal catalyst, for initiating an electrochemical reaction at the interface between the membrane and the carbon paper. The electrons generated in the electrochemical reaction process can be led out by conductive objects at two sides of the membrane electrode through an external circuit to form a current loop.
At the anode end of the membrane electrode, fuel can permeate through a porous diffusion material (carbon paper) and undergo electrochemical reaction on the surface of a catalyst to lose electrons to form positive ions, and the positive ions can pass through a proton exchange membrane through migration to reach the cathode end at the other end of the membrane electrode. At the cathode end of the membrane electrode, a gas containing an oxidant (e.g., oxygen), such as air, forms negative ions by permeating through a porous diffusion material (carbon paper) and electrochemically reacting on the surface of the catalyst to give electrons. The anions formed at the cathode end react with the positive ions transferred from the anode end to form reaction products.
In a pem fuel cell using hydrogen as the fuel and oxygen-containing air as the oxidant (or pure oxygen as the oxidant), the catalytic electrochemical reaction of the fuel hydrogen in the anode region produces hydrogen cations (or protons). The proton exchange membrane assists the migration of positive hydrogen ions from the anode region to the cathode region. In addition, the proton exchange membrane separates the hydrogen-containing fuel gas stream from the oxygen-containing gas stream so that they do not mix with each other to cause explosive reactions.
In the cathode region, oxygen gains electrons on the catalyst surface, forming negative ions, which react with the hydrogen positive ions transported from the anode region to produce water as a reaction product. In a proton exchange membrane fuel cell using hydrogen, air (oxygen), the anode reaction and the cathode reaction can be expressed by the following equations:
and (3) anode reaction:
and (3) cathode reaction:
in a typical pem fuel cell, a Membrane Electrode (MEA) is generally placed between two conductive plates, and the surface of each guide plate in contact with the MEA is die-cast, stamped, or mechanically milled to form at least one or more channels. The flow guide polar plates can be polar plates made of metal materials or polar plates made of graphite materials. The fluid pore channels and the diversion trenches on the diversion polar plates respectively guide the fuel and the oxidant into the anode area and the cathode area on two sides of the membrane electrode. In the structure of a single proton exchange membrane fuel cell, only one membrane electrode is present, and a guide plate of anode fuel and a guide plate of cathode oxidant are respectively arranged on two sides of the membrane electrode. The guide plates are used as current collector plates and mechanical supports at two sides of the membrane electrode, and the guide grooves on the guide plates are also used as channels for fuel and oxidant to enter the surfaces of the anode and the cathode and as channels for taking away water generated in the operation process of the fuel cell.
In order to increase the total power of the whole proton exchange membrane fuel cell, two or more single cells can be connected in series to form a battery pack in a straight-stacked manner or connected in a flat-laid manner to form a battery pack. In the direct-stacking and serial-type battery pack, two surfaces of one polar plate can be provided with flow guide grooves, wherein one surface can be used as an anode flow guide surface of one membrane electrode, and the other surface can be used as a cathode flow guide surface of another adjacent membrane electrode, and the polar plate is called a bipolar plate. A series of cells are connected together in a manner to form a battery pack. The battery pack is generally fastened together into one body by a front end plate, a rear end plate and a tie rod.
A typical battery pack generally includes: (1) the fuel (such as hydrogen, methanol or hydrogen-rich gas obtained by reforming methanol, natural gas and gasoline) and the oxidant (mainly oxygen or air) are uniformly distributed in the diversion trenches of the anode surface and the cathode surface; (2) the inlet and outlet of cooling fluid (such as water) and the flow guide channel uniformly distribute the cooling fluid into the cooling channels in each battery pack, and the heat generated by the electrochemical exothermic reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the fuel cell is absorbed and taken out of the battery pack for heat dissipation; (3) the outlets of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas and the corresponding flow guide channels can carry out liquid andvapor water generated in the fuel cell when the fuel gas and the oxidant gas are discharged. Typically, all fuel, oxidant, and cooling fluid inlets and outlets are provided in one or both end plates of the fuel cell stack.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell can be used as a power system of vehicles, ships and other vehicles, and can also be used as a movable and fixed power generation device.
When the proton exchange membrane fuel cell can be used as a vehicle power system, a ship power system or a mobile and fixed power station, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell must comprise a cell stack, a fuel hydrogen supply system, an air supply subsystem, a cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, an automatic control part and an electric energy output part.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional fuel cell power generation system, in fig. 1, 1 is a fuel cell stack, 2 is a hydrogen storage tank or other hydrogen storage devices, 3 is a pressure reducing valve, 4 is an air filtering device, 5 is an air compression supply device, 6', 6 are water-vapor separators, 7 is a water tank, 8 is a cooling fluid circulating pump, 9 is a radiator, 10 is a hydrogen circulating pump, 11, 12 are humidification devices, 13 is a hydrogen pressure stabilizing valve, and 14 is a hydrogen charging valve.
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation systems are used as power systems for vehicles such as vehicles and ships, or as mobile or stationary power generation devices, and are subject to accidents such as fire and collision. When the high-pressure hydrogen storage device 2 is subjected to the intense heat of a fire or the accidental impact exceeding the bearing capacity, the shell bursts, and then a large amount of hydrogen is leaked and combusted. Since the explosion positions are random, if the combustion direction of the large amount of hydrogen gas leakingout is exactly aligned with passengers or persons in the field, casualty accidents can be caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a high-pressure hydrogen storage device in a fuel cell power generation system with high safety.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: a high-pressure hydrogen storage device in a fuel cell power generation system comprises a high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle, a hydrogen pressure stabilizing valve, a hydrogen charging valve and a combination valve, wherein the combination valve consists of an electromagnetic release valve, a mechanical release valve, a pressure and temperature sensor and a hydrogen release pipe, the electromagnetic release valve and the mechanical release valve are arranged outside the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle, the pressure and temperature sensor is arranged inside the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle, the hydrogen release pipe is led out from the inside of the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle to the outside and is divided into two branch pipes, the electromagnetic release valve and the mechanical release valve are respectively arranged on the two branch pipes, and the electromagnetic release valve is electrically connected with the pressure and temperature sensor.
The electromagnetic relief valve is provided with a relief port; when the pressure and the temperature in the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle exceed the safety set values, the pressure and temperature sensors instruct the electromagnetic relief valve to open, and the hydrogen is discharged from the relief port.
The mechanical relief valve is provided with a piston, a spring and a relief opening, the piston and the spring are arranged in the same hydrogen relief branch pipe, the piston is arranged at the end close to the high-pressure gas storage bottle, and the relief opening is arranged on the hydrogen relief branch pipe corresponding to the spring; when the pressure and temperature in the high-pressure gas storage cylinder exceed the safety set values, the piston is jacked up, and the piston jacks up the spring, so that the sealing level of the piston exceeds the discharge port, and the mechanical discharge valve automatically discharges hydrogen.
The mechanical relief valve is provided with a valve and a diaphragm, the valve and the diaphragm are arranged in the same hydrogen relief branch pipe, and the diaphragm is arranged at the end close to the high-pressure gas storage bottle; when the pressure and temperature in the high-pressure gas storage cylinder exceed the safety set values, the diaphragm is broken, so that the mechanical release valve automatically releases hydrogen.
The electromagnetic relief valve and the mechanical relief valve have their relief ports connected with each other via stainless steel pipe and connected parallelly with each other before extending to ground, and the ports are opposite to ground.
The combined valve is arranged at the bottle mouth end of the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle.
The invention is a technical scheme designed for preventing casualty accidents, wherein a combined valve with two functions of a mechanical rupture discharge mode and an electromagnetic discharge mode is additionally arranged at the bottle mouth end of a high-pressure hydrogen storage device, a probe (namely a pressure and temperature sensor) of the combined valve extends into a hydrogen storage tank, and the electromagnetic discharge valve is opened when the probe detects that the temperature and the pressure exceed a safety set range. In order to prevent the electromagnetic valve from malfunctioning, the combination valve is also provided with a mechanical release valve, the valve can automatically open and release hydrogen when the internal pressure of the hydrogen storage device exceeds a safety set value, when the pressure of the hydrogen in the tank is higher than a certain set value, the spring is jacked up to jack the piston, the sealing level of the piston exceeds the release port, and the hydrogen is automatically released. The combined valve of the invention can also be provided with another mechanical relief valve which is provided with a valve and a diaphragm, when the pressure and the temperature in the high-pressure gas storage cylinder exceed the safety set values, the diaphragm is broken, so that the mechanical relief valve automatically releases hydrogen.
Another most important measure of the technical proposal is that one or a plurality of hydrogen discharge ports are connected by stainless steel pipes and extend to the ground, and finally, the pipe orifice is aligned with the ground. Thus, when the hydrogen is discharged in a large amount and burned, passengers or persons on the ground are not injured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art fuel cell power generation system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an electromagnetic relief valve and a mechanical relief valve in the combination valve of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic relief valve and another mechanical relief valve in the combination valve of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
Examples
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the high-pressure hydrogen storage device in the fuel cell power generation system comprises a high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle 2, a hydrogen pressure stabilizing valve 13, a hydrogen charging valve 14 and a combination valve 15, the combination valve 15 is arranged at the bottle mouth end of the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle 2 and consists of an electromagnetic release valve 151, a mechanical release valve 152, a pressure and temperature sensor 153 and a hydrogen release pipe 154, the electromagnetic release valve 151 and the mechanical release valve 152 are provided outside the high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder 2, the pressure and temperature sensor 153 is arranged in the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle 2, the hydrogen discharge pipe 154 is led out from the inside of the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle 2 to the outside and is divided into two branch pipes 1541, 1542, the electromagnetic relief valve 151 is disposed on the hydrogen relief branch pipe 1541, the mechanical relief valve 152 is disposed on the hydrogen relief branch pipe 1542, the electromagnetic relief valve 151 is electrically connected to the pressure and temperature sensor 153.
The electromagnetic relief valve 151 is provided with a relief port 1511; when the pressure and temperature in the high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder 2 exceed the safety set values, the pressure and temperature sensor 153 instructs the electromagnetic release valve 151 to open, and hydrogen gas is discharged from the release port 1511.
As shown in fig. 3, the mechanical relief valve 152 is provided with a piston 1521, a spring 1522 and a relief port 1523, the piston 1521 and the spring 1522 are arranged in the same hydrogen relief branch pipe 1542, the piston 1521 is arranged near the high-pressure gas storage cylinder end, and the relief port 1523 is arranged on the hydrogen relief branch pipe 1542 corresponding to the position of the spring 1522; when the pressure and temperature in the high-pressure gas storage cylinder 2 exceed the safety set values, the piston 1521 is jacked up, and the piston 1521 jacks up the spring 1522, so that the sealing level of the piston 1521 exceeds the discharge port 1523, and the mechanical discharge valve 152 automatically discharges hydrogen.
Referring to fig. 4, the alternative mechanical relief valve 150 is provided with a valve 1501 and a diaphragm 1502, the valve 1501 and the diaphragm 1502 are arranged in the same hydrogen relief branch 1542, and the diaphragm 1502 is arranged near the high-pressure gas cylinder end; when the pressure and temperature in the high pressure gas storage cylinder 2 exceed the safety set values, the diaphragm 1502 is broken and hydrogen gas is discharged through the valve 1501.
The release port 1511 of the electromagnetic release valve 151 is connected and led out by a stainless steel pipe 1512, the release port 1523 of the mechanical release valve 152 is also connected and led out by a stainless steel pipe 1524, the stainless steel pipe 1512 led out by the release port and the stainless steel pipe 1524 are connected in parallel and then extend and lead to the ground, and the pipe orifice faces the ground.
The embodiment is applied to a 50KW fuel cell power generation system and used as a car fuel cell engine. It adopts two high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage tanks with 50 liters volume aluminum inner containers, which are wound by carbon fibers and impregnated by epoxy resin. The working pressure was 200atmospheres.
Each storage tank is provided with a combination valve, all discharge ports of each combination valve are connected by stainless steel pipes with the inner diameter of 20mm and are connected in parallel, extend and guide to the tail of the car, and are arranged on a chassis, and the pipe orifices of the extension guide pipes face the tail of the car and are deviated to the ground.
When the car encounters fire or impact, the temperature sensor in the storage tank detects that the temperature of the hydrogen reaches 150 ℃ or the pressure exceeds 500 atmospheric pressures, and the electromagnetic release valve 151 is opened immediately to discharge the hydrogen. When the solenoid valve bleed 151 fails, the pressure of the hydrogen in the tank exceeds 550 atmospheres, and the temperature reaches 170 ℃, the diaphragm 1502 ruptures and hydrogen is bled from the valve 1501.

Claims (6)

1. A high-pressure hydrogen storage device in a fuel cell power generation system comprises a high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle, a hydrogen pressure stabilizing valve, a hydrogen charging valve and a combination valve, wherein the combination valve consists of an electromagnetic release valve, a mechanical release valve, a pressure and temperature sensor and a hydrogen release pipe, the electromagnetic release valve and the mechanical release valve are arranged outside the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle, the pressure and temperature sensor is arranged inside the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle, the hydrogen release pipe is led out from the inside of the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle to the outside and is divided into two branch pipes, the electromagnetic release valve and the mechanical release valve are respectively arranged on the two branch pipes, and the electromagnetic release valve is electrically connected with the pressure and temperature sensor.
2. A high pressure hydrogen storage device in a fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, wherein said electromagnetic release valve is provided with a release port; when the pressure and the temperature in the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle exceed the safety set values, the pressure and temperature sensors instruct the electromagnetic relief valve to open, and the hydrogen is discharged from the relief port.
3. The high pressure hydrogen storage device in a fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical release valve has a piston, a spring, and a release port, the piston and the spring are disposed in the same hydrogen release branch pipe, the piston is disposed near the end of the high pressure gas storage cylinder, and the release port is disposed on the hydrogen release branch pipe corresponding to the position of the spring; when the pressure and temperature in the high-pressure gas storage cylinder exceed the safety set values, the piston is jacked up, and the piston jacks up the spring, so that the sealing level of the piston exceeds the discharge port, and the mechanical discharge valve automatically discharges hydrogen.
4. The high pressure hydrogen storage device in a fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical release valve is provided with a valve and a diaphragm, the valve and the diaphragm are arranged in the same hydrogen release branch pipe, and the diaphragm is arranged near the end of the high pressure gas storage cylinder; when the pressure and temperature in the high-pressure gas storage cylinder exceed the safety set values, the diaphragm is broken, so that the mechanical release valve automatically releases hydrogen.
5. The high pressure hydrogen storage device in the fuel cell power generation system according to claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein the electromagnetic release valve and the release port of the mechanical release valve are connected by stainless steel pipes, and extend to the ground after being connected in parallel, and the pipe port faces the ground.
6. The high pressure hydrogen storage device in a fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the combination valve is provided at a bottleneck end of the high pressure hydrogen storage cylinder.
CNB2004100536301A 2004-08-11 2004-08-11 High pressure hydrogen storage apparatus in fuel cell generating system Active CN100361336C (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101968137A (en) * 2010-09-27 2011-02-09 沈阳化工大学 Electromagnetic valve for vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle
CN104409751A (en) * 2014-11-05 2015-03-11 同济大学 Fuel cell anode pressure control method and device
DE102013016036A1 (en) 2013-09-26 2015-03-26 Daimler Ag Device for storing gas under high pressure
CN104409751B (en) * 2014-11-05 2017-01-04 同济大学 A kind of anode of fuel cell compress control method and device
CN112937299A (en) * 2019-12-11 2021-06-11 未势能源科技有限公司 Quick release device and fuel cell car

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2440694Y (en) * 2000-07-19 2001-08-01 黄勇和 Hydrogen storage device for fuel cells for electric motorcycle
CN1225052C (en) * 2001-10-12 2005-10-26 上海神力科技有限公司 Cotrol device capable of making low power proton exchange membrane fuel cell safely operate
JP2003166700A (en) * 2001-11-30 2003-06-13 Nippon Sanso Corp Valve for liquefied petroleum cylinder with decompression function
US6779568B2 (en) * 2002-07-16 2004-08-24 General Hydrogen Corporation Gas distribution system
CN2718796Y (en) * 2004-08-11 2005-08-17 上海神力科技有限公司 High-voltage hydrogen-storing device in fuel cell power generating system

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101968137A (en) * 2010-09-27 2011-02-09 沈阳化工大学 Electromagnetic valve for vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle
DE102013016036A1 (en) 2013-09-26 2015-03-26 Daimler Ag Device for storing gas under high pressure
CN104409751A (en) * 2014-11-05 2015-03-11 同济大学 Fuel cell anode pressure control method and device
CN104409751B (en) * 2014-11-05 2017-01-04 同济大学 A kind of anode of fuel cell compress control method and device
CN112937299A (en) * 2019-12-11 2021-06-11 未势能源科技有限公司 Quick release device and fuel cell car
CN112937299B (en) * 2019-12-11 2022-05-03 未势能源科技有限公司 Quick release device and fuel cell car

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