CN1727673B - 用于除去翼型或转子叶片上的冰的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于除去翼型或转子叶片上的冰的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1727673B
CN1727673B CN2005100845244A CN200510084524A CN1727673B CN 1727673 B CN1727673 B CN 1727673B CN 2005100845244 A CN2005100845244 A CN 2005100845244A CN 200510084524 A CN200510084524 A CN 200510084524A CN 1727673 B CN1727673 B CN 1727673B
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D·L·勒米厄
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/02De-icing means for engines having icing phenomena
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/40Ice detection; De-icing means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00Control
    • F05B2270/80Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
    • F05B2270/804Optical devices
    • F05B2270/8041Cameras
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00Control
    • F05D2270/80Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
    • F05D2270/804Optical devices
    • F05D2270/8041Cameras
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S415/00Rotary kinetic fluid motors or pumps
    • Y10S415/905Natural fluid current motor

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于除去转子叶片(10)上的冰的方法,该转子叶片(10)具有叶根(20)、叶尖(26)和前缘(32),其中转子叶片可操作地连接到涡轮机(100)的轮毂(16)上,该方法包括使热空气(28)经流出通道(24)从叶根向叶尖循环,并经由返回通道(30)从叶尖到叶根来再循环热空气,这样,再循环的热空气变成返回空气,并再加热返回空气以用于进一步的循环。

Description

用于除去翼型或转子叶片上的冰的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明大体上涉及风力涡轮机,更具体地涉及用于提高风力涡轮机的效率的方法和装置。
背景技术
最近,风力涡轮机作为对环境无害且相对便宜的替代能源而受到了越来越多的关注。随着这种日益增长的兴趣,人们作出了大量的努力以开发出可靠且有效的风力涡轮机。
风力涡轮机大致上包括具有一个或多个叶片的转子。转子安装在位于桁架或管式塔架之上的外壳或机舱上。涡轮机叶片将风能转化成回转力矩或力,其可驱动通过齿轮箱旋转式地连接到转子上的一个或多个发电机。齿轮箱逐步提高用于发电机的涡轮机转子的固有较低转速,以用于将机械能有效地转化成电能,这些电能将馈送到公用电网中。还存在有无齿轮的直接驱动式涡轮机。
在某些大气状况下,转子叶片会被冰覆盖。冰的堆积通常发生在翼型的前缘,并导致提升性能下降。随着冰层逐渐增厚,重量增加到翼型上,使得升力翼面被改变。对于空气涡轮机而言,这种改变可导致转子叶片的空气动力学性能下降。(对于飞机的翼型而言,类似的性能下降会导致坠毁。)
由于翼型或转子叶片的工作环境的关系,对其进行维护可能是很困难的。在翼型前缘上安装电阻加热丝或其它电导体会提供雷击的通路,这样会导致翼型失效。在用于降低结冰的至少一个已知技术中,将可充气的气囊连接到翼型的前缘处。然而,气囊的充气会改变翼型或转子叶片的空气动力学特性,并且至少在某些外界条件下气囊本身会或者变得会易于疲劳和失效。
发明内容
因此,在本发明的一些方面提供了一种用于除去转子叶片上的冰的方法,该转子叶片具有叶根、叶尖和前缘。转子叶片可操作地连接到涡轮机的轮毂上。该方法包括使热空气通过流出通道从叶根向叶尖循环,并经由返回通道从叶尖到叶根来再循环热空气,这样,再循环的热空气变成返回空气,并再加热返回空气以用于进一步的循环。
在本发明的其它方面,提供了一种除冰装置,其包括:具有轮毂的涡轮机或发动机;可操作地连接到涡轮机或发动机上的转子叶片,该转子叶片具有叶根、前缘、叶尖、位于其中的从叶根到叶尖的流出通道,以及从叶尖到叶根的返回通道。该返回通道构造成使流经流出通道的空气再循环返回到叶根处。该除冰装置还包括构造成可引导热空气通过流出通道并再加热该再循环空气的加热器。
在另一方面,本发明提供了一种具有转子的风力涡轮机。该转子具有至少一个叶片。该风力涡轮机还具有包括热线摄像机的热线摄像机系统,该热线摄像机构造成可检测来自转子叶片前缘的热辐射,以便确定在该转子叶片的前缘上是否存在结冰。
可以理解的是,本发明的构造可以对转子叶片上的冰提供有效的检测,和/或有效地除去转子叶片上的冰。
附图说明
图1是采用了本发明构造的示例性风力涡轮机的视图。
图2是表示了本发明的各种构造的风力涡轮机转子叶片的示意图,其显示了空气循环通道。
图3是沿图2中线3-3的风力涡轮机转子叶片的剖视图,其更具体地显示了存在于某些构造中的空气循环通道和隔热体。
图4是图3所示的风力涡轮机转子叶片的另一视图。
图5是风力涡轮机构造的透视图,其采用了热线摄像机以检测翼型前缘上的结冰。
图中各标号的含义如下:10转子叶片;12加热器;14鼓风机或风扇;16轮毂;20转子叶根;22热空气;24流出通道或“C”形通道;26叶尖;28再循环空气;30返回通道;32前缘;34隔热体;36外壁;40热线摄像机系统;42涂料;44辐射;100风力涡轮机;102机舱;104高塔架。
具体实施方式
参考图1、图2和图4,在某些构造中,本发明采用了叶片加热来除去风力涡轮机100的翼型或转子叶片10上的冰。风力涡轮机100的机舱102可安装在高塔架104上,在图1中只显示了其中的一部分。与鼓风机14相连的电阻加热装置12安装在风力涡轮机100的轮毂16内或叶根20的附近。热空气22经流出通道24从叶根20向叶顶26被引导,然后经由返回通道30从叶尖26再循环28到叶根20,因此加热装置12可再加热返回空气28。如此,温热的返回空气28与流出的热空气22绝热,并且热量可主要扩散到转子叶片10的前缘32上。参考图3,在某些构造中,可将隔热体34增设到返回通道30的外壁36上,以优化到前缘32的热传导。经由滑环(未示出)来向电阻加热装置12和鼓风机14提供电能,以便使轮毂16(以及转子叶片10)的旋转不受妨碍。
因此,在某些构造中,转子叶片除冰系统10包括定位成邻近于转子叶根20或轮毂16的至少一个加热元件12。加热元件12连接到鼓风机或风扇14上,以使来自加热元件12的热空气22进行循环。接着将热空气22引导到沿转子叶片10的前缘32安装的“c”形通道24中。“c”形通道24位于转子叶片10内。另外,因为“c”形通道24可粘结或以其它方式连接到转子叶片10的前缘32内,因此其形成了管道。因此,在某些构造中,热空气22可从加热装置12中沿着转子叶片10的前缘32在所包含的管道24内流动。热空气22从转子叶片10的叶根20向叶尖26流动。当热空气22到达叶尖26或邻近叶尖26的点时,通过引导流经返回管道30来使其流动方向转向,其中返回管道30形成了“c”形通道24的“C”形罩壳。因此,在某些构造中,这种效果实际上类似于一个管道处于另一管道或罩壳式管道的内部,其中,最热的空气处于内部,而较冷的返回空气处于外部。有利的是,来自返回路径30的热空气28与流出路径24内的热空气22部分地绝热,并且返回的热空气28被再加热,即被加热的空气处于闭合的或基本上闭合的回路内。
在某些构造中,因为“c”形通道24可粘结到转子叶片10的前缘32的内表面上,所以其形成了管道。另外,本文中所使用的小写字母“c”涉及含有加热装置12排出的最热空气22的内部管道24,而大写字母“C”涉及包围了返回路径并含有相对较冷空气28的罩壳或外部管道30。在某些构造中,可用外部“C”形罩壳30来隔热34,以降低到转子叶片10内部的热损失。在本发明的许多构造中所采用的“c”或“C”形状可有利地提高或优化到转子叶片10的前缘32中的热传导。
在某些大气状况下,需要更高的温度和/或更大体积的热空气来融化叶片上的冰。因此,在某些构造中,加热器12和/或鼓风机14是可调节的,以便根据周围大气条件来调节热空气的体积或热空气的温度或这两者,以便将冰融化。
参考图5,在本发明的其它一些构造中,采用了热线摄像机系统40来检测冰,该系统包括热线摄像机,其对准转子叶片10的前缘32,并构造成可检测来自前缘32的热辐射。该系统可构造成采用传感器(未示出)来检测或估算或推断可包括热输出、空气流率、热导率和/或大气条件(例如温度和/或风速)在内的物理参数。热线摄像机系统40采用对热参数的这些估算或测量连同所检测到的辐射44来确定在转子叶片10的前缘32上的结冰情况。在某些构造中,将涂料42(例如黑色涂料)施加到转子叶片10的前缘32上,以允许在不需要对叶片10进行预热的情况下用热线摄像机40来检测结冰。
在某些构造中,可对转子叶片的特定前缘区域进行加热。例如,在某些构造中,为内部“c”形管道提供了线性或旋转执行机构。通过采用执行机构来旋转或移动内部“c”形管道使之与选定的槽道对齐,从而使经由罩壳流出的释放热空气经由选定的路径返回。
因此,可以理解,本发明的各种构造对于除去和/或检测转子叶片和翼型上的冰是有效的,并且在风力涡轮器中是尤其是有用的。
尽管已经结合了各种实施例来对本发明进行了介绍,本领域内的技术人员将会认识到,可以通过在权利要求的精神和范围内对本发明进行变化来实施本发明。

Claims (10)

1.一种除冰装置,包括:
具有轮毂的涡轮机或发动机;
可操作地连接到所述涡轮机或发动机上的转子叶片,所述转子叶片具有叶根、前缘、叶尖、后缘、位于所述前缘和后缘之间且从叶根延伸到叶尖的中心线、位于所述转子叶片中的从所述叶根到叶尖的流出通道,以及从所述叶尖到叶根的返回通道,所述返回通道设置成比所述流出通道距离所述前缘更远,其中,所述返回通道构造成使流经所述流出通道的空气再循环而返回到所述叶根处,使得流经所述流出通道的空气至少部分地与再循环空气绝热;和
加热器,所述加热器构造成加热流经所述流出通道的空气。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述流出通道位于转子叶片的前缘的附近。
3.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其特征在于,所述返回通道的外壁是绝热的。
4.根据权利要求3所述的装置,其特征在于,所述流出通道是沿所述转子叶片的前缘的“c”形通道。
5.根据权利要求4所述的装置,其特征在于,所述“c”形通道位于所述转子叶片内。
6.根据权利要求4所述的装置,其特征在于,所述“c”形通道粘结或连接到所述转子叶片的前缘上。
7.根据权利要求4所述的装置,其特征在于,所述返回通道包括所述“c”形通道的罩壳。
8.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述装置还包括鼓风机或风扇,所述鼓风机或风扇构造成将被加热的空气从所述流出通道引导到所述返回通道。
9.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述装置还包括:
具有热线摄像机的热线摄像机系统,其造成能检测来自所述转子叶片的所述前缘中的热辐射,所述系统还构造成能利用传感器来检测或估算或推断包括热输出、空气流率、热导率和/或大气条件在内的物理参数。
10.根据权利要求9所述的装置,其特征在于,所述前缘被涂成为黑色的。
CN2005100845244A 2004-07-20 2005-07-20 用于除去翼型或转子叶片上的冰的方法和装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1727673B (zh)

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